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### [TGMA 2026: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly — Ghana's Biggest Music Night Was Pure Chaos, Class, and Controversy](https://nubianbiz.com/tgma-2026-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-ghanas-biggest-music-night-was-pure-chaos-class-and-controversy/)
**Published:** May 10, 2026
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:** Black Sherif dominated. Daddy Lumba brought tears. Moliy shocked the room. George Quaye caused chaos. NubianBiz breaks down everything that went right, wrong, and downright scandalous at the 27th Telecel Ghana Music Awards.
**Content:**
They came for a celebration. They got a coronation, a controversy, a cultural reckoning, and a red carpet that will be talked about from Accra to Atlanta for weeks. The 27th Telecel Ghana Music Awards — better known simply as TGMA 2026 — went down on the night of Saturday, 9 May at the Grand Arena of the Accra International Conference Centre, and it delivered everything Ghana’s music industry does best: breathtaking talent, undeniable drama, deeply emotional tributes, and enough social media fire to light up the continent.
The Grand Arena was transformed into a bastion of musical excellence as the 27th Telecel Ghana Music Awards celebrated the finest talents in the industry. But behind the glitz, there were winners who deserved more, snubs that stung, red carpet moments that went viral for all the wrong reasons, and one venue saga that exposed a structural wound at the heart of Ghana’s entertainment economy.
NubianBiz breaks it all down. The good. The bad. And the ugly.
Black Sherif swept five awards at TGMA 2026 including the nights most coveted prize Artist of the Year His dominance is no longer a surprise it is a statement ✅ **THE GOOD: Five Moments That Made Ghana Proud**
1. Black Sherif Is Simply Untouchable
In a repeat of his 2023 success, Black Sherif was crowned the Artist of the Year, capping off a phenomenal night where he scooped a total of five awards. The ‘Iron Boy’ star proved his dominance was no fluke, winning the night’s most prestigious honours on the back of a record-breaking year on international streaming platforms.
Five awards. One night. One artist. Black Sherif won Artist of the Year, Album/EP of the Year for Iron Boy, Songwriter of the Year for Sacrifice, Best HipHop Song for Where Dem Boys, and Best Afropop Song of the Year. He did not just win — he rendered the competition a formality.
The Album/EP of the Year category came with a major boost, including a GH₵100,000 cash prize and production support from Guinness Ghana. That is not a trophy. That is a business investment in the most compelling voice in Ghanaian music today.
Pre-show analysis from Adomonline said it plainly: “If the TGMA is purely a figures award, then Black Sherif is likely to be crowned Artiste of the Year. I’m not the one saying it, but that is what the figures are screaming.” The figures were right.
2. Daddy Lumba Gets His Flowers — And the Room Wept
One of the emotional moments of the night came when legendary Highlife musician Daddy Lumba received the Lifetime Achievement Award for his enormous contribution to Ghanaian music over the years.
The award was received by Abusuapanin Tupac on behalf of the late Daddy Lumba. The room fell into a reverent silence before erupting in applause. Daddy Lumba shaped the very soul of Ghanaian Highlife for decades, and to see the industry collectively pause to honour his legacy in front of a packed Grand Arena — that was the night’s most human, most necessary moment.
It is a reminder that the TGMA, for all its controversies, still knows how to honour the giants on whose shoulders every current winner stands.
3. Stonebwoy Makes History — Again
Stonebwoy claimed the Best Reggae/Dancehall Artist title for a record 10th time. Ten times. A full decade of dominance in a single category. No artist in TGMA history has commanded a genre category the way Stonebwoy owns Reggae/Dancehall. At this point, the trophy might as well have his name engraved on it permanently.
This is not just an awards statistic. It is a monument to consistency, craft, and the kind of unrelenting output that no amount of industry politics can overlook.
4. Kojo Blak and Moliy: The New Generation Has Arrived
Kojo Blak enjoyed a successful breakout night, sweeping two awards, while Moliy gained international recognition with two honours including International Collaboration of the Year for the remix of Shake It to the Max.
Moliy’s victory is considered one of the biggest upsets of the night, especially in a category long dominated by Stonebwoy and established acts. The Ghanaian-American singer, who was not even physically present at the ceremony, took to Twitter shortly after to express her excitement. Her fans — the Molicocos — celebrated loudly, with one writing: “You truly deserved it, and you earned it through your hard work and resilience.”
Kojo Blak’s Best New Artist win, combined with a Best Afrobeats Song award for Excellent featuring Kelvyn Boy, announced his arrival not as a prospect but as a fully formed force. The old guard should be paying attention.
5. Wendy Shay and Kofi Kinaata Hold It Down for the Veterans
Wendy Shay won Best Afrobeats/Afropop Artist in a highly competitive category, receiving the award with graciousness — even acknowledging that fellow nominee KiDi, seated behind her, had personally wished her to win. After her AFRIMA Best Female Artist in West Africa win in January, Shay is building a continental résumé that demands respect.
Kofi Kinaata, meanwhile, took home Best Highlife Song and Best Highlife Artist — cementing his reign in a genre that remains the emotional heartbeat of Ghanaian music.
Stonebwoy claimed his record breaking 10th TGMA Best ReggaeDancehall Artist award Ten trophies One category One legend⚠️ **THE BAD: What Ghana’s Music Night Got Wrong**
1. KiDi’s Snub Is Indefensible
Let us say it plainly: KiDi being excluded from the Artist of the Year shortlist was one of the most baffling decisions of this awards cycle.
KiDi’s absence from the Artist of the Year category surprised many music fans, given that the singer remained active during the year under review through performances, collaborations, and music releases. The “Touch It” hitmaker was gracious in response, saying awards schemes are subjective and that artistes cannot always control nomination decisions. But graciousness does not make the decision correct.
KiDi’s Gymnastic with OliveTheBoy and Kojo Blak was one of the most-streamed records of the cycle. He was everywhere. His exclusion from the biggest category of the night felt less like a judging call and more like an oversight — and one that many in the industry quietly know was wrong.
2. Davido Winning Best Song — Over Ghanaian Artists
Davido’s With You edged out African heavyweights to win Best Song of the Year. A Nigerian superstar. At the Ghana Music Awards. Winning the Song of the Year.
The internet did not take this quietly. Social media erupted with a simple question: how, in an awards ceremony designed to celebrate Ghanaian music excellence, does a Nigerian artist claim the most universal song prize of the night over homegrown talent? It is a debate about the awards’ identity — and one that Charterhouse needs to address before the 28th edition.
3. The Venue Crisis That Exposed Ghana’s Infrastructure Gap
Before a single envelope was opened, TGMA 2026 was already making headlines for the wrong reasons.
Charterhouse Productions initially announced the Palms Convention Centre at La Palm Royal Beach Hotel as the venue after being informed that the Grand Arena at the Accra International Conference Centre would be unavailable due to planned renovations. The Palms Convention Centre, while elegant and functional, is a significantly smaller space and not designed for the scale, broadcast complexity, and audience size associated with Ghana’s biggest music awards event.
Industry commentator Francis Doku of the Graphic Online wrote sharply: “The TGMA venue episode is not a failure. It is a warning signal. The question now is whether Ghana will listen — or wait for the next major event to once again expose the same gap.”
In a continent where tourism, culture, and business events are increasingly strategic economic drivers, venue infrastructure is no longer a luxury. Ghana survived this particular scare when the Grand Arena became available again. Next time, it may not be so fortunate.
\[IMAGE 3 — upload and insert here\]
The 27th TGMA delivered unforgettable moments — but also controversies that will shape the debate about Ghana’s music industry for months to come. \| Photo: Unsplash🔥 **THE UGLY: Red Carpet Chaos, Shade, and That Pallbearer Comment**
1. George Quaye Called the Guests Pallbearers. Yes, Really.
If there was one quote from TGMA 2026 that will be screenshotted and shared for years, it belongs to entertainment personality George Quaye.
On the red carpet, Quaye voiced his concerns over the dresses some individuals wore to the event, remarking that many people who attended were “looking like pallbearers.” He concluded by advising attendees to wear simple, comfortable clothes to such events.
The backlash was immediate and ferocious. One social media user shot back: “Imagine TGMA getting cancelled for such an unnecessary take, coming from a man who’s at the forefront of making sure the show becomes a success.” Another wrote: “You think he is your mate? You’re sitting back trolling people.”
Quaye — who was simultaneously celebrating his own outfit and designer — did not appear to register the irony of publicly humiliating guests at a celebration he helped organise.
2. The Fella Makafui Pre-Show Congratulations: Petty or Strategic?
Actress Fella Makafui stirred social media drama after posting a congratulatory message to TGMA winners ahead of the ceremony. Her ex-husband, rapper Medikal, was heavily campaigning for the 2026 Artist of the Year award. Some netizens theorised that she was sending out the message before the show to avoid uncomfortable questions about Medikal in case he emerged victorious.
Was it shade? Strategic neutrality? A calculated pivot? The internet, as always, had opinions in abundance. Medikal did not win Artist of the Year, but he did take home four awards — so the question of whether Fella’s early congratulations stung a little more than expected remains unanswered.
3. Black Sherif, Fella Makafui, and the Red Carpet Interviewer Who Almost Started Drama
On the red carpet, interviewer Godwin Namboh alleged that actress Fella Makafui had been flirting with Black Sherif. Before the interviewer could say more, Black Sherif quickly cut him off and rubbished claims of any such behaviour from the actress towards him.
Credit to Black Sherif for handling the moment with class. But the incident raised a serious question about the standard of red carpet conduct at Ghana’s premier music event. The night’s biggest winner spent part of his evening issuing disclaimers about things that never happened. That is not a good look for anyone.
4. Dr Likee Claims He Bought Efia Odo’s Dress. She Was Not Amused.
Ghanaian comic actor Dr Likee claimed he was the one who bought the dress Efia Odo wore to the event. This did not sit well with Efia Odo, who quickly shut him down, saying what she wore to the event was bought by her new boyfriend.
A red carpet. Ghana’s biggest music night. And somewhere in the middle of it all, a public argument about who paid for a dress. Only at TGMA.
The TGMA 2026 red carpet delivered fashion fire and feuds in equal measure because in Ghanas entertainment industry the ceremony always starts before the ceremony **The Verdict**
The 27th Telecel Ghana Music Awards was, like every great Ghanaian night out, a contradiction wrapped in sequins. It was triumphant and tone-deaf. Emotional and embarrassing. It crowned a generational talent in Black Sherif, honoured a legend in Daddy Lumba, unveiled the future in Kojo Blak and Moliy — and then handed a song of the year trophy to a Nigerian and sent the internet into meltdown.
The commercial aviation network safely transported more than five billion passengers — actually, that quote belongs in a different article. But the sentiment applies: Ghana’s music industry, like aviation, is a machine that mostly works. The incidents grab the headlines. The safe landings are what matter.
Pre-show analysis by Adomonline captured the energy of this year perfectly: “There are years when the TGMA shortlist tells a quiet story, and there are years when it explodes onto every timeline, every airwave, every street-corner debate from Tema to Tamale. This is the second kind of year.”
It was. And Ghana — in all its brilliant, infuriating, undeniable glory — would not have it any other way.
**FULL WINNERS LIST — 27TH TGMA 2026**
Artist of the Year — Black Sherif \| Album/EP of the Year — Iron Boy by Black Sherif \| Songwriter of the Year — Sacrifice by Black Sherif \| Best HipHop Song — Where Dem Boys by Black Sherif \| Best Afropop Song of the Year — Sacrifice by Black Sherif \| Most Popular Song — Shoulder by Medikal ft. Shatta Wale and Beeztrap KOTM \| Best Highlife Song — It Is Finished by Kofi Kinaata \| Best Highlife Artist — Kofi Kinaata \| Best Gospel Artist — Diana Hamilton \| Best Reggae/Dancehall Artist — Stonebwoy \| Best Afrobeats/Afropop Artist — Wendy Shay \| Best New Artist — Kojo Blak \| International Collaboration of the Year — Shake It To The Max Remix by Moliy ft. Shenseea, Skillibeng, and Silent Addy \| Best Rap Performance — Strongman for Mensei Da \| Best Music Video — Put Am On God by AratheJay \| Best Group — Keche \| Lifetime Achievement Award — Daddy Lumba
Sources: MyJoyOnline, YEN.com.gh, GhanaWeb, Pulse Ghana, Adomonline, Graphic Online, The Ghana Report, Wikipedia — Ghana Music Awards.
*© 2026 NubianBiz. All rights reserved. Reproduction requires written permission.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/jules-ntokoli/)
**Categories:** Africa, Business, Entertainment, Ghana, Music
**Tags:** African Music, Black Sherif, Charterhouse, Daddy Lumba, Ghana Entertainment, Ghana Music Awards, Kojo Blak, Medikal, Moliy, NubianBiz, Stonebwoy, Telecel Ghana, TGMA 2026, Wendy Shay
---
### [Plane Hits Light Pole in Newark Mid-Approach — And Why Flying Is Still Safer Than Your Morning Commute](https://nubianbiz.com/plane-hits-light-pole-in-newark-mid-approach-and-why-flying-is-still-safer-than-your-morning-commute/)
**Published:** May 4, 2026
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
It sounded like something out of a movie. A commercial jetliner on final approach to one of America’s busiest airports clipping a motorway light pole — striking a truck on the highway below and sending debris flying — before touching down safely as if nothing had happened. And yet, that is almost exactly what played out on Sunday afternoon at Newark Liberty International Airport, just outside New York City.
United Flight 169, a Boeing 767-400 arriving from Venice, Italy, struck a light pole above the southbound lanes of the New Jersey Turnpike at approximately 2 p.m. while on final approach to Runway 29. The collision caused damage to the pole and to a tractor-trailer travelling below on the roadway.
Despite the collision, the aircraft landed safely. All 221 passengers and 10 crew members on board were uninjured, and the plane taxied to the gate normally, sustaining only minor damage.
The truck driver was not as fortunate — though he was far luckier than many will have imagined. The driver, Warren Boardley of Baltimore, sustained cuts from broken glass to his arm and forearm but did not suffer serious injuries. He was able to safely pull over after the strike and contact his employer.
In dashcam video shared with NBC News, a loud whizzing sound can be heard before glass breaks as a piece of the light pole struck the vehicle while the driver was travelling on the turnpike.
**What Do We Know About How It Happened?**
New Jersey State Police said a preliminary investigation indicated a tyre from the plane’s landing gear and “the underside of the plane” hit both the pole and the tractor-trailer. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey confirmed the aircraft was on approach to Runway 29 when contact was made.
The Federal Aviation Administration and the National Transportation Safety Board confirmed they are both investigating the incident. Officials with the FAA and the New Jersey Turnpike Authority were on site Sunday evening, conducting inspections and gathering evidence.
United Airlines, in a statement, said: “We will conduct a rigorous flight safety investigation into the incident and our crew has been removed from service as part of the process.” Airport staff inspected the runway for debris, and normal operations at Newark quickly resumed.
Chuck Paterakis, who oversees transportation for Schmidt Bakery — the company whose truck was involved — summed up the mood perfectly: “Everybody — the driver and everybody on the plane — should be very fortunate. Because it could have been the opposite of what happened, and a little help from God went a long way tonight for everybody on the plane, and including the driver.”
Newark: An Airport Already Under the Microscope
The incident did not occur in a vacuum. Newark Liberty International Airport has been operating under extraordinary pressure for over a year, and African diaspora travellers passing through New York — a critical gateway hub for flights connecting to Lagos, Accra, Nairobi, Johannesburg, and cities across the continent — need to understand the full picture.
The FAA has proposed limiting Newark Airport to 72 operations per hour through October 2026, citing a combination of staffing shortages, equipment issues, and ongoing runway construction. The root of the problem lies in the air traffic control facility responsible for guiding planes in and out of Newark. The specific unit overseeing Newark, known as Area C, is just 48 percent staffed, with only 22 certified professional controllers out of a target of 46.
The technological picture is equally alarming. “We have computers, and I kid you not, today in 2025, that are based on Windows 95 and floppy disks,” said Nick Daniels, president of the National Air Traffic Controllers Association, in testimony before Congress. The FAA has acknowledged that the average age of its control towers is 40 years, and that most radar systems are approaching the same age.
None of this means that flying through Newark is dangerous in absolute terms. But it does mean the system is under strain — and Sunday’s incident is, at minimum, a loud alarm bell that demands answers.
**Why Air Travel Is Still, By Far, the Safest Way to Travel**
Here is the context that every alarming aviation headline buries: commercial air travel remains, statistically, the safest form of long-distance transport ever devised by human beings.
The odds of dying in a commercial airplane crash are approximately 1 in 11 million flights. Compare this to roughly a 1 in 93 chance of dying in a car accident over a lifetime of driving. Per mile travelled, commercial aviation is approximately 95 times safer than automobile travel.
On average, someone would need to fly every single day for over 25,000 years to statistically encounter a fatal commercial airline accident.
Major airlines operating scheduled passenger service experienced no onboard fatalities and posted a fatal accident rate of 0.0 per 100,000 flight hours in 2024. Not low. Not minimal. Zero.
Between 2003 and 2023 — a full two decades — air travel in the United States recorded 675 serious injuries, compared with over 47 million injuries in passenger vehicles on US highways over the same period.
In 2025, the commercial aviation network safely transported more than five billion passengers across an estimated 35.2 million flights. Of those billions of journeys, fatal accidents involving commercial carriers remained in the single digits globally.
**Why Do Aviation Incidents Feel So Frequent Right Now?**
Two forces are at work. First, there is the media amplification effect: every near-miss, every runway excursion, every light pole strike on a New Jersey motorway goes instantly global. Incidents that would have been a local news item in 1995 are now live-streamed via dashcam footage before the aircraft has even parked at the gate.
Second, and more substantively, the US aviation system is genuinely grappling with structural challenges — a nationwide shortage that leaves the FAA approximately 3,500 air traffic controllers short of its target, combined with ageing infrastructure and record post-pandemic passenger volumes. These are real pressures that require urgent attention, and they are receiving it. The US Transportation Department has committed $12.5 billion to air traffic control modernisation.
But system pressure is not the same as danger to the passenger. The redundancies, cross-checks, training protocols, and engineering standards built into commercial aviation are so layered and rigorous that even a Boeing 767 clipping a motorway lamp post at approach speed lands safely, taxis to the gate, and everyone walks off for dinner.
**What This Means for African and Diaspora Travellers**
For Nigerians, Ghanaians, Kenyans, Zimbabweans, South Africans, and the broader African diaspora who rely on US connections — particularly through Newark and the wider New York metropolitan area — Sunday’s incident is a reminder to stay informed rather than afraid.
Newark is the primary hub for United Airlines’ direct routes to Africa and serves as a key connecting point for onward flights to Lagos, Accra, Nairobi, and Johannesburg. The airport’s ongoing challenges make it worth factoring carefully into your travel planning.
Practically speaking: build generous connection buffer time into any itinerary transiting through Newark. The FAA’s own data shows the airport operates with minimal scheduling flexibility, meaning any weather event, equipment issue, or staffing shortfall cascades quickly into delays.
But do not, for a single moment, let news of a light pole on the New Jersey Turnpike make you afraid to board your flight. The data is unambiguous: the most dangerous part of your journey to the airport is the drive to get there.
**The Bottom Line**
United Flight 169 is under investigation by both the FAA and the NTSB, and the crew has been stood down pending the outcome. The Port Authority confirmed runway operations resumed normally following debris inspection. The truck driver has been discharged from hospital.
What will likely emerge from this investigation is a story not of recklessness but of a system under strain in one of the world’s most congested airspace corridors — a system that, even under that strain, continues to deliver its primary promise: getting you there safely.
Fly. Stay informed. And the next time a headline about a plane scraping a lamp post makes your stomach drop, remember the number that matters most: 1 in 11 million.
Sources: CBS News New York, ABC7 New York, NBC News, FAA.gov, Airbus Flight Safety Statistics 2026, National Safety Council Injury Facts, USAFacts, Zayed Law Offices Aviation Statistics.
This article is for informational purposes only. Travel plans should be made based on current FAA and airline advisories.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Air Travel, Business
---
### [Spirit Airlines Is Dead: What Every Traveller Must Know Right Now](https://nubianbiz.com/spirit-airlines-is-dead-what-every-traveller-must-know-right-now/)
**Published:** May 2, 2026
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:** America’s pioneering budget carrier has collapsed overnight, grounding all flights and stranding thousands. For Africans in the diaspora and those travelling to the United States, this is not just a US story — it is your story too.
**Content:**
AFRICATRAVEL INSIGHTS \| BREAKING NEWS · AVIATION
Saturday, 2 May 2026 · 5 min read
Spirit Airlines Is Dead: What Every African Traveller Must Know Right Now
America’s pioneering budget carrier has collapsed overnight, grounding all flights and stranding thousands. For Africans in the diaspora and those travelling to the United States, this is not just a US story — it is your story too.
By AfricaTravel Insights Desk \| 2 May 2026
In the early hours of Saturday, 2 May 2026, the yellow planes fell silent for good. Spirit Airlines — once the scrappy upstart that forced America’s biggest carriers to drop their fares — has ceased all operations, becoming the first major United States airline to go out of business in twenty-five years. For Africans travelling to, from, or through the United States, and for the millions of Nigerians, Ghanaians, Kenyans, South Africans, and other diaspora members who rely on budget connections once they land on American soil, the collapse of this Florida-based carrier sends immediate shockwaves far beyond its own routes.
The airline’s homepage — just hours earlier still accepting bookings — was replaced overnight with a stark message: “Spirit is winding down all operations.” Airport check-in desks sat empty. Customer service lines went dead. Thousands of travellers arrived at airports to find nothing but printed notices of closure.
SPIRIT AIRLINES: KEY FACTS AT A GLANCE
→ Founded in 1983; became an ultra-low-cost carrier (ULCC) in 2007
→ Ranked 8th-largest US airline in 2025 by seat capacity
→ Operated 353 routes connecting 65 airports across the US, Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America
→ 17,000 employees now out of work
→ Filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2024; re-filed August 2025
→ Failed to secure a $500 million US government bailout — the final trigger for shutdown
→ Fort Lauderdale’s largest carrier, holding nearly 29% of that airport’s total capacity
→ First US airline shutdown since Midway Airlines collapsed after 9/11 in 2001
HOW DID IT COME TO THIS?
Spirit’s collapse was years in the making. The carrier had not turned a profit since 2019, haemorrhaging more than $2.5 billion since the start of the pandemic. A 2022 deal to merge with rival budget carrier Frontier fell apart when JetBlue intervened with a $3.8 billion counter-offer — only for the US Justice Department to successfully block that merger on competition grounds in early 2024. Left without a strategic partner and drowning in debt, Spirit filed for its first bankruptcy in November 2024.
The airline emerged from Chapter 11 reorganisation in March 2025 with renewed hope. Then, three days later, the Iran war erupted — choking off roughly 20 percent of the world’s oil supply and sending jet fuel prices into the stratosphere. Spirit, already starved of financial reserves, filed for bankruptcy a second time in August 2025. The airline’s cash dwindled through late 2025 and early 2026 as talks with the Trump administration over an emergency $500 million rescue collapsed at the final hour, with a key group of creditors rejecting the government’s counter-proposal.
“Spirit was in dire straits long before the war with Iran. Multiple times they had filed for bankruptcy. They couldn’t get the fiscal health.”
— US Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy
WHY THIS MATTERS FOR AFRICAN AND DIASPORA TRAVELLERS
Spirit Airlines may not have operated any direct routes to the African continent, but its collapse is deeply consequential for African travellers, students, professionals, and the broader diaspora community in several critical ways.
The Connecting Hub Problem
Many Africans flying to the United States land at major gateway airports — New York’s JFK or Newark, Miami, Atlanta, or Dallas — and then rely on domestic budget carriers to reach their final destinations. Spirit was the dominant ultra-low-cost option for dozens of these onward journeys, connecting cities like Detroit, Houston, Las Vegas, Chicago, and Orlando at fares often 40 to 60 percent below what Delta, United, or American charged. Those options have now vanished overnight.
The Caribbean and Diaspora Route Corridor
Spirit was an integral part of the affordable travel ecosystem linking the African diaspora in the United States to Caribbean destinations — the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and other islands that many African-Americans and diaspora communities have deep cultural and familial ties to. These routes are now disrupted, and the remaining carriers — American, United, and JetBlue — are expected to fill those seats at significantly higher price points.
The Airfare Ripple Effect
Here is the dimension most commentators are missing: the so-called “Spirit effect” suppressed airfares on routes the airline never even flew. When Spirit was present in a market, every other airline was forced to offer more competitive base fares to retain budget-conscious travellers. Without that competitive pressure, analysts expect legacy carriers to gain substantial pricing power across their entire US networks within days, not months. For African travellers already grappling with expensive transatlantic fares, this secondary ripple effect means the total cost of a trip to the United States is about to climb.
IMMEDIATE IMPACT: STRANDED PASSENGERS AND EMPTY DESKS
The scale of immediate disruption is staggering. Spirit carried approximately 10 million passengers to international destinations annually. As of Saturday morning, all future bookings are cancelled. No Spirit flights are in the air. No customer service agents are available. Travellers mid-trip — including those away from home with return Spirit tickets — are suddenly stranded.
In a rare show of industry solidarity, several airlines moved quickly to extend emergency relief to affected passengers. American Airlines, United, Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, and Frontier have all offered capped or reduced fares for Spirit ticket-holders. Colombian flag carrier Avianca additionally stepped in, waiving ticket fares (though not taxes and admin charges) for passengers holding Spirit tickets for travel between 2 and 16 May who had already begun their journeys.
These rescue fares are temporary, however. Industry analysts warn that meaningful fare normalisation — let alone a return to Spirit-level pricing — is unlikely before late summer 2026 at the earliest.
IF YOU HAVE A SPIRIT TICKET — ACT NOW
A practical guide for African travellers and diaspora members affected by the shutdown:
`1. Do NOT go to the airport. Spirit has officially instructed ticket-holders not to travel to airports. All check-in desks are closed and no staff are available to assist. `
`2. Credit/debit card refund. If you booked directly through Spirit’s website or app using a credit or debit card, the airline has committed to automatic refunds to the original payment method. No action required — but monitor your account closely.`
`3. Travel agency bookings. If you booked through a travel agent (common among African travellers), contact the agency immediately to request a refund. Do not wait. `
`4. Free Spirit points, vouchers, or credits. Compensation for loyalty points and credits will only be determined through the bankruptcy court process. Experts warn the odds of full reimbursement are slim. Escalate quickly. `
`5. Book emergency alternatives now. American, Delta, United, JetBlue, Southwest, and Frontier are all offering capped fares for Spirit travellers. These deals are time-limited. Book before they expire. `
`6. Check your travel insurance. Airline insolvency is a covered event under many comprehensive travel insurance policies. File a claim with your insurer without delay. `
`7. If you are mid-trip, contact Avianca, American, or another carrier directly at the airport with your original Spirit ticket documentation for emergency re-accommodation assistance.`
WHAT HAPPENS NEXT?
Spirit’s liquidation will be overseen by bankruptcy courts. Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport, where Spirit held nearly 29 percent of total passenger capacity and operated 54 outbound routes, faces the sharpest immediate disruption. Analysts expect Caribbean and Central American routes to be hardest hit in the coming months, with meaningful budget-fare alternatives unlikely to emerge before late 2026.
For Africa-facing travel, the broader consequence is a worsening of an already difficult affordability picture. With global fuel prices elevated by geopolitical tensions and a major low-cost carrier now absent from the US domestic market, the total cost of travel between Africa and North America — already among the world’s most expensive long-haul corridors — faces further upward pressure.
The lesson for African and diaspora travellers is a familiar but painful one: budget travel infrastructure, once dismantled, takes years to rebuild. In the meantime, the best defence is preparation — book early, diversify your airline options, invest in comprehensive travel insurance, and stay closely informed of developments in the markets you fly.
“Spirit’s value to travellers wasn’t just in the seats it sold — it was in the pressure it put on every other airline to keep prices competitive.”
— Travel industry analysis, TravelPirates, 2 May 2026
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business
**Tags:** Africa Diaspora, Airfare Prices, Airline Bankruptcy, Aviation News, Budget Travel, Caribbean Routes, Diaspora Trave, Spirit Airlines, Travel Disruption, US Travel 2026
---
### [Microsoft Finally Lets You Shut Down Without Updating](https://nubianbiz.com/microsoft-finally-lets-you-shut-down-without-updating/)
**Published:** April 26, 2026
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:** Microsoft is making a welcome change to Windows 11 that many of us have wanted for years.
Updates will no longer hijack your shutdown button. The upcoming changes include:
→ Shut down or restart without installing updates
→ Pause updates indefinitely (no more 35-day ceiling)
→ Define exactly when updates install
→ Fewer required reboots overall
It's a shift from "we know best" to actually respecting that users are capable of managing their own machines. Small change on paper — big difference in practice.
#Windows11 #Microsoft #Productivity #TechLeadership #FutureOfWork
**Content:**
A long-overdue overhaul of Windows 11’s update system hands more control back to users — including the ability to pause updates indefinitely and restart without being forced through a patch cycle.
For years, Windows users have endured one of the operating system’s most persistent frustrations: click *Shut Down* and you’re just as likely to watch your machine grind through a lengthy update installation as you are to see it power off. Microsoft is finally addressing this with a meaningful rethink of how Windows 11 handles updates — and the changes are more substantial than a cosmetic tweak to the Start menu.
The company is rolling out a series of updates that fundamentally decouple the act of shutting down or restarting your PC from the mandatory installation of pending updates. The shift reflects mounting user feedback that the current system — which often forces updates during the exact moments people need their computers most — has long overstayed its welcome.
WINDOWS UPDATE SETTINGS IN WINDOWS 11 THE INTERFACE IS SET TO RECEIVE A SIGNIFICANT OVERHAUL
## What’s Actually Changing
The update introduces four core changes that, taken together, represent the most user-centric revision to Windows Update in over a decade. Here’s a breakdown:
- ⏻SHUTDOWN CHOICEUsers will now see explicit options to shut down or restart **without installing updates**, separating the two actions that Microsoft has long bundled together.
- ⏸INDEFINITE PAUSEThe 35-day update pause limit is being extended in a way that allows users to keep rolling it over — effectively enabling indefinite pausing for those who want full control over their patch schedule.
- 📅SMARTER SCHEDULINGImproved scheduling tools will let users define specific windows for updates to install, rather than having Windows choose its own moment — often the worst possible one.
- 🔄FEWER REBOOTSMicrosoft is working to reduce the total number of required restarts during the update process, shrinking the interruptions that updates cause to active workflows.
The shutdown change alone will come as a relief to millions of users who have lost work — or simply time — because Windows hijacked a quick restart to push through a patch. The new behavior makes updates something you opt into at shutdown rather than something that ambushes you.
“Updates will no longer hold your shutdown button hostage.”
## The Pause Problem — Now Solved?
Windows 11’s update pause feature has always felt like a half-measure. The 35-day ceiling meant that even the most update-averse user would eventually have patches forced upon them. The new system allows that ceiling to be extended repeatedly, which in practice gives determined users the ability to defer updates indefinitely — a feature that enterprise and power users have been requesting for years.
It’s worth noting this isn’t an outright removal of forced updates. Microsoft still expects users to update; the change simply removes the hard deadline and gives users the agency to decide when. For security-conscious environments, that distinction matters — administrators will still want to ensure machines aren’t left perpetually unpatched.
## Fewer Reboots: A Technical Shift
Perhaps the most technically ambitious of the changes is the reduction in required reboots. Many Windows updates currently demand a full system restart to replace core system files that are locked while the OS is running. Microsoft has been quietly working on infrastructure changes that allow more patches to be applied without taking the system offline — a direction the company has pursued in fits and starts since Windows 10.
Fewer reboots means less downtime, fewer interruptions to open applications, and a smoother overall experience. For users who keep their machines running continuously — developers, creatives, remote workers — this could meaningfully reduce one of the most persistent sources of OS-level friction.
## What This Means for Everyday Users
Collectively, these changes represent a philosophical shift at Microsoft: from a posture of *“we know when you should update”* to one that acknowledges users as capable of managing their own machines. That shift has been a long time coming.
The rollout timeline has not been fully specified, and as with many Windows features, availability may vary between Home and Pro editions. Users on Windows 11 should expect these options to appear gradually through Windows Update in the coming months. In the meantime, the changes signal that Microsoft is listening — even if the lesson took longer than it should have.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business, Education, Tech
**Tags:** MICROSOFT, OPERATING SYSTEMS, PRODUCTIVITY, SOFTWARE UPDATES, windows
---
### [Shots Fired at White House Correspondents' Dinner; President Trump, First Lady, and Senior Officials Evacuated Safely](https://nubianbiz.com/shots-fired-at-white-house-correspondents-dinner-president-trump-first-lady-and-senior-officials-evacuated-safely/)
**Published:** April 26, 2026
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
gunman opened fire near the ballroom of the Washington Hilton, disrupting the annual gala; one Secret Service agent was struck but shielded by a bulletproof vest. A suspect is in custody. The President confirmed all protectees are unharmed.
▶ CONFIRMED STATUS — AS OF PRESS TIME
**President Donald J. Trump** — Safe and uninjured; evacuated to a secure location.
**First Lady Melania Trump** — Safe and uninjured.
**Vice President JD Vance** — Safely evacuated from the venue.
**Cabinet Members in Attendance** — All confirmed safe.
**Secret Service Agent** — Struck by a round; bulletproof vest prevented serious injury; expected to recover.
**Suspect** — One individual in custody; hospitalized with injuries.
Security Incident at White House Correspondents’ Dinner — Special Report
Breaking NewsSecurity Incident — White House Correspondents’ DinnerApril 25, 2026
Washington, D.C.Saturday, April 25, 2026Special Edition
The Capitol Record
Reporting the Republic — Faithfully & Without Favor
---
■ Breaking
# Shots Fired at White House Correspondents’ Dinner; President Trump, First Lady, and Senior Officials Evacuated Safely
A gunman opened fire near the ballroom of the Washington Hilton, disrupting the annual gala; one Secret Service agent was struck but shielded by a bulletproof vest. A suspect is in custody. The President confirmed all protectees are unharmed.
Staff Correspondents — The Capitol RecordUpdated: 10:02 P.M. ET — Developing
▶ Confirmed Status — As of Press Time
**President Donald J. Trump** — Safe and uninjured; evacuated to a secure location.
**First Lady Melania Trump** — Safe and uninjured.
**Vice President JD Vance** — Safely evacuated from the venue.
**Cabinet Members in Attendance** — All confirmed safe.
**Secret Service Agent** — Struck by a round; bulletproof vest prevented serious injury; expected to recover.
**Suspect** — One individual in custody; hospitalized with injuries.
A scene of sudden alarm descended upon the Washington Hilton Hotel on Saturday evening when gunshots rang out near the main screening area of the 2026 White House Correspondents’ Dinner, one of the most storied annual gatherings in the American civic calendar. President Donald J. Trump, who was seated at the head table alongside First Lady Melania Trump and was expected to address the assembled guests, was swiftly surrounded and escorted from the stage by United States Secret Service agents within seconds of the disturbance.
`The incident unfolded at approximately 8:35 P.M. Eastern Time. Witnesses reported hearing between five and eight shots fired in rapid succession near the entrance to the ballroom, beyond the perimeter of the event's metal detectors. Hundreds of guests — among them senior journalists, members of the Cabinet, Congressional leaders, and prominent public figures — ducked beneath their tables as security personnel flooded the hall, weapons drawn, and began a systematic evacuation.`
`Vice President JD Vance, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., FBI Director Kash Patel, House Speaker Mike Johnson, and U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirro were among those swiftly removed from the premises by their respective security details. All were confirmed safe.`
`One member of the United States Secret Service was struck by a round during the incident, according to two law enforcement sources. The agent, whose identity has not been released, was wearing a bulletproof vest and is expected to make a full recovery — a testament to the professionalism and preparedness of the protective detail assigned to the event. The gunman, described as alive but wounded, was taken into custody at the scene and subsequently hospitalized.`
`Secret Service spokesman Anthony Guglielmi confirmed in a formal statement that the agency and the Washington, D.C., Metropolitan Police Department have launched a joint investigation into what he described as a "shooting incident near the main magnetometer screening area." The identities, motives, and affiliations of the suspect have not yet been publicly disclosed as investigators work to assess the full scope of the incident.`
`CNN veteran anchor Wolf Blitzer, who was present at the dinner, recounted the harrowing moment from close range. He indicated the gunman appeared to have gained access to a position past the magnetometers before opening fire — a detail that investigators are expected to examine closely. The precise mechanics of any potential security breach remain under active investigation.`
> “Quite an evening in D.C. Secret Service and Law Enforcement did a fantastic job. They acted quickly and bravely. The shooter has been apprehended.”
— President Donald J. Trump, posting on Truth Social following the incident
---
**The President Responds**
From a secure location, President Trump addressed the nation with a series of posts on Truth Social, praising the response of law enforcement and confirming the safety of his family and senior officials. “The First Lady, plus the Vice President, and all Cabinet members, are in perfect condition,” the President wrote, before announcing his intent to deliver formal remarks from the White House Briefing Room. He later confirmed that out of deference to law enforcement protocol, all attendees were asked to depart the venue, and that the Correspondents’ Dinner would be rescheduled within thirty days. “I have spoken with all the representatives in charge of the event, and we will be rescheduling within 30 days,” the President stated. The measured tone of his communications in the immediate aftermath stood as a symbol of institutional continuity at a moment of acute disruption.
**A Night of Historic Significance, Interrupted**
This year’s White House Correspondents’ Dinner carried exceptional historical weight: it marked the first occasion on which President Trump attended the annual gala as a sitting president — a gathering that has long served as a ceremonial acknowledgment of the relationship between the executive branch and the free press. The dinner, traditionally a forum for presidents to offer remarks balancing statecraft with self-deprecating humor, was hosted at the Washington Hilton, the very hotel where President Ronald Reagan was shot during an assassination attempt on March 30, 1981. That historical parallel was not lost on observers as events unfolded Saturday evening. This year’s entertainment featured mentalist Oz Pearlman, and White House Correspondents’ Association President Weijia Jiang was among those who addressed the room in the aftermath, reaffirming the safety of the President and calling for calm.
---
**Bipartisan Voices Call for Unity**
In the hours following the incident, expressions of relief and calls for calm came from across the political spectrum, reflecting a rare moment of shared concern for the safety of the nation’s leadership and the sanctity of its institutions. House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries posted on X: “Thankful for the swift law enforcement action to protect everyone from gunfire at the White House Correspondents Dinner. Praying for the safety of those who may remain in harm’s way.” House Speaker Mike Johnson, who was present with his wife Kelly, similarly expressed gratitude: “We’re thankful no innocent people were harmed and everyone is now safe. We’re grateful as always for the law enforcement and first responders who acted so quickly to bring the situation under control.”
The incident drew solemn reflection from Representative Steve Scalise of Louisiana, who himself survived a gunshot wound during the 2017 Congressional Baseball Game shooting — a reminder that political violence has touched the lives of American leaders in both parties.
> “Kelly and I were at the event tonight, and we’re thankful no innocent people were harmed and everyone is now safe.”
— Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA), in a statement following the incident
---
**The Office of the Presidency — And Its Protection**
Whatever the political climate of any given moment in American history, the physical safety of the President of the United States — and of all those who gather in the name of democratic discourse — represents a bedrock principle upon which the Republic’s continuity depends. The United States Secret Service, whose agents moved with evident precision and training on Saturday evening, embodies that principle in practice. The agent who sustained injury while shielding the nation’s leaders demonstrated the highest form of public service.
The White House Correspondents’ Dinner, for all its periodic controversies, represents something enduring in the architecture of American democracy: the peaceful assembly of press and power in a shared civic space, bound by the norms of open society. That its disruption by violence was met with swift protection, orderly evacuation, and immediate accountability speaks to the resilience of those norms — and to the men and women charged with upholding them.
The investigation is ongoing. The Capitol Record will continue to provide factual, verified updates as law enforcement releases further information. No motive has been established at press time, and readers are urged to await official findings before drawing conclusions.
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### [Shift Your Focus: Why Entrepreneurship Matters More Than Politics](https://nubianbiz.com/shift-your-focus-why-entrepreneurship-matters-more-than-politics/)
**Published:** January 31, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In contemporary society, political discourse often overshadows entrepreneurship. While the political framework undeniably influences business development and growth, it is imperative to recognize that an overemphasis on politics can impede the entrepreneurial spirit. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in Africa, where political instability, corruption, and socio-economic challenges often capture the headlines, overshadowing the stories of entrepreneurial resilience, creativity, and innovation.
In many African countries, the political landscape is characterized by intense debate, polarization, and competition for power. This environment can distract from the importance of entrepreneurship in addressing pressing socio-economic issues, such as unemployment, poverty, and inequality. As a result, entrepreneurship is often relegated to the periphery of public discourse, with political rhetoric and partisanship taking center stage.
Furthermore, the African media landscape often perpetuates this trend, with political news and analysis dominating the airwaves and print media. While this coverage is crucial for holding leaders accountable and promoting democratic governance, it can also create a skewed narrative that overlooks the contributions of entrepreneurs and innovators. Consequently, the essential qualities of creativity, innovation, and critical thinking that underpin entrepreneurial success are frequently overlooked in public discourse.
This oversight has significant implications, as it can lead to a lack of investment in entrepreneurship education, training, and support systems. Moreover, it can also result in a dearth of role models and mentors who can inspire and guide aspiring entrepreneurs.
This article delves into the intricate relationship between politics and entrepreneurship, emphasizing the necessity of prioritizing inherent human qualities to foster sustainable success.
### The Interplay Between Politics and Business Development
Political institutions play a vital role in shaping the business landscape by creating an environment that either fosters or hinders business growth and development. Government decisions have a profound impact on various aspects of business operations, including labor laws, education systems, infrastructure development, and taxation policies.
Labor laws, for example, can significantly influence employment practices. Stringent labor laws may lead to increased costs and complexity for businesses, while more flexible labor laws may encourage entrepreneurship and job creation. Governments may also implement policies like minimum wage laws, working hour regulations, and employee benefits, which can affect businesses’ hiring decisions and operational costs.
Education systems are another critical area where government decisions can impact businesses. The quality and availability of education can influence the supply of skilled workers, which is essential for businesses to innovate and thrive. Governments may invest in vocational training programs, apprenticeships, or university funding, which can shape the workforce’s skills and availability.
Infrastructure development is also heavily influenced by government decisions. Investments in transportation networks, energy systems, and telecommunications can significantly impact businesses’ ability to operate efficiently and effectively. Well-developed infrastructure can reduce logistics costs, increase connectivity, and enhance overall profitability.
Taxation policies are another crucial area where governments can impact businesses. Favorable tax policies can stimulate business investments, encourage entrepreneurship, and attract foreign investment. Conversely, high or complex tax regimes can discourage investment, lead to tax evasion, and hinder economic growth.
Understanding the political environment is essential for businesses to navigate challenges and leverage opportunities effectively. By being aware of government policies, regulations, and decisions, businesses can navigate challenges, leverage opportunities, and make informed decisions to drive growth and success.
### The Primacy of Creativity, Innovation, and Critical Thinking in Entrepreneurial Success
While politics and government policies can significantly impact the business environment, the foundation of entrepreneurial success lies in the ability to think creatively, innovate, and make informed decisions through critical thinking. These three qualities are the bedrock upon which successful entrepreneurs build their ventures, navigate challenges, and achieve sustainable growth.
Creativity is the spark that sets the entrepreneurial journey in motion. It involves generating novel ideas, identifying opportunities, and envisioning new possibilities. Creative entrepreneurs are able to think outside the box, challenge conventional wisdom, and explore uncharted territories. By fostering a culture of creativity, entrepreneurs can develop innovative solutions to real-world problems, creating value for customers and stakeholders.
Innovation is the process of transforming creative ideas into valuable products or services. It involves experimenting, prototyping, and iterating until a viable solution is found. Innovative entrepreneurs are able to turn their creative ideas into tangible offerings that meet the needs of customers, creating dynamism in the market. By embracing innovation, entrepreneurs can stay ahead of the curve, adapt to changing market dynamics, and maintain a leadership position in their industry irrespective of which political administration is in power.
Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information, evaluate evidence, and make informed decisions. It involves objectively assessing situations, identifying biases, and considering multiple perspectives, which may be impeded when politics assumes primacy in the mind and culture. Entrepreneurs who possess strong critical thinking skills are able to navigate complex problems, evaluate risks, and make informed decisions that drive their business forward. By cultivating critical thinking, entrepreneurs can avoid costly mistakes, capitalize on opportunities, and maintain growth in the market.
### The Interplay between Creativity, Innovation, and Critical Thinking
While creativity, innovation, and critical thinking are distinct qualities, they are interconnected and interdependent. Creativity sparks innovation, which in turn relies on critical thinking to evaluate and refine ideas. Critical thinking also informs creativity, helping entrepreneurs to identify opportunities and challenges. By fostering a culture that encourages creativity, innovation, and critical thinking, entrepreneurs can create a virtuous cycle that drives growth, adaptation, and success.
### Balancing Political Awareness with Entrepreneurial Initiative
In conclusion, while political awareness is essential, it should not eclipse the intrinsic human capacities that drive entrepreneurship. Overemphasis on political discourse can lead to a reactive business environment, stifling innovation and adaptability. Entrepreneurs should remain informed about political developments but prioritize cultivating creativity, innovation, and critical thinking within their organizations. By cultivating these qualities, entrepreneurs can adapt to changing market dynamics, solve complex problems, and maintain viability. As the business landscape continues to evolve, entrepreneurs who prioritize creativity, innovation, and critical thinking will be best positioned to thrive and succeed.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Breaking the Mould: Strategies for Combating Entrepreneurship Inertia in Ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/breaking-the-mould-strategies-for-combating-entrepreneurship-inertia-in-ghana/)
**Published:** January 31, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Entrepreneurship inertia is a pervasive phenomenon that affects individuals and communities worldwide, stifling the entrepreneurial spirit and hindering economic growth. This challenge is closely linked to broader issues discussed in *African business development* and *SME growth ecosystems* (see [African entrepreneurship challenges](https://nubianbiz.com/african-entrepreneurship-challenges)).
Globally, entrepreneurship inertia is influenced by a myriad of factors, including economic instability, stringent regulatory environments, and limited access to capital. In many developing economies, potential entrepreneurs face bureaucratic hurdles and a lack of supportive infrastructure, which stymie business initiation and growth—an issue frequently highlighted in discussions around [business environment reform in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/business-environment-africa). Conversely, in developed nations, market saturation and high competition can deter new entrants, fostering a climate of inertia among aspiring entrepreneurs.
## Entrepreneurship Inertia in Ghana
Ghana presents a paradoxical scenario where a significant portion of the population exhibits entrepreneurial intent, yet actual entrepreneurial activity remains subdued. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, approximately 45% of Ghanaians express intentions to start their own businesses, indicating a strong entrepreneurial spirit. However, this enthusiasm often does not translate into tangible business ventures, a pattern also examined in [Ghana’s startup ecosystem analysis](https://nubianbiz.com/ghana-startup-ecosystem).
This resistance or reluctance to initiate or adapt entrepreneurial activities can be attributed to a complex interplay of systemic barriers, cultural factors, and psychological constraints.
Systemic barriers, such as inadequate infrastructure, limited access to finance, and cumbersome regulatory frameworks, create an unfavorable business environment that discourages entrepreneurship. In Ghana, for instance, the lack of reliable electricity supply, poor road networks, and limited access to credit facilities make it challenging for entrepreneurs to launch and sustain their businesses—challenges explored further in [SME financing in Ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/sme-financing-ghana).
The prevalence of bureaucratic red tape and corruption has also exacerbated the phenomenon, creating a challenging business environment and discouraging entrepreneurs from starting or expanding their businesses. These governance-related issues are central to ongoing conversations about [policy reform and entrepreneurship in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/policy-and-entrepreneurship-africa).
Cultural factors also play a significant role in perpetuating entrepreneurship inertia. In some societies, entrepreneurship is viewed as a high-risk endeavor, and individuals may be discouraged from pursuing entrepreneurial ventures due to fear of failure or social stigma. Additionally, cultural norms and values often prioritize stability and security over innovation and risk-taking, reinforcing patterns discussed in [African business culture and risk](https://nubianbiz.com/african-business-culture).
Psychological constraints, such as fear of failure, lack of confidence, and risk aversion, further contribute to entrepreneurship inertia. In Ghana, the pressure to conform to traditional career paths and the fear of disappointing family and friends can prevent individuals from pursuing entrepreneurial ventures—an issue closely tied to [mindset and entrepreneurial leadership](https://nubianbiz.com/entrepreneurial-mindset-africa).
## The dominance of traditional industries and business models
The dominance of traditional industries and business models in Ghana also presents a significant challenge for innovative entrepreneurs who seek to disrupt the status quo and create new markets or opportunities. This challenge mirrors broader trends discussed in [innovation versus legacy systems in African markets](https://nubianbiz.com/innovation-in-africa).
This phenomenon can be attributed to several factors, including:
1. **Entrenched interests:** Traditional industries often have established supply chains and customer relationships, making it difficult for new entrants to gain traction—a recurring theme in [market entry barriers in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/market-entry-africa).
2. **Regulatory frameworks:** Regulatory frameworks in Ghana appear biased towards traditional industries, complicating compliance for innovative startups and reinforcing issues raised in [startup regulation in Ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/startup-regulation-ghana).
3. **Limited access to resources:** Traditional industries enjoy better access to finance, talent, and infrastructure, a disparity examined in [resource allocation for African startups](https://nubianbiz.com/startup-resources-africa).
4. **Cultural and social barriers:** Deeply ingrained norms make it difficult to challenge established practices, echoing discussions around [change resistance in African economies](https://nubianbiz.com/change-resistance-africa).
5. **Lack of infrastructure:** The absence of technology hubs, incubators, and accelerators limits entrepreneurial support, as outlined in [innovation hubs in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/innovation-hubs-africa).
6. **Risk aversion:** Stability often outweighs innovation, affecting funding decisions and growth potential—an issue linked to [investment culture in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/african-investment-culture).
7. **Talent acquisition and retention:** Established firms attract top talent more easily, a challenge discussed in [talent mobility in African markets](https://nubianbiz.com/talent-in-africa).
To overcome these challenges, innovative entrepreneurs in Ghana may need to adopt strategies such as:
1. **Partnering with traditional industries:** Collaborating with established players can unlock resources and networks, reinforcing lessons from [strategic partnerships in African business](https://nubianbiz.com/business-partnerships-africa).
2. **Identifying niche markets:** Serving underserved segments can create new opportunities, a strategy often covered in [niche markets in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/niche-markets-africa).
3. **Developing innovative business models:** Tailoring models to local realities strengthens competitiveness, aligning with insights from [African business model innovation](https://nubianbiz.com/business-model-innovation-africa).
4. **Building strong networks:** Relationships with entrepreneurs, investors, and stakeholders are critical, echoing the importance of [networking for African entrepreneurs](https://nubianbiz.com/entrepreneur-networks-africa).
By adopting these strategies, innovative entrepreneurs in Ghana can overcome the challenges posed by traditional industries and create new markets that drive economic growth and development.
Beyond the entrepreneur’s own resourcefulness, addressing entrepreneurship inertia in Ghana requires a multi-faceted approach involving government, educational institutions, financial organizations, and civil society. This aligns with broader calls for [ecosystem-driven entrepreneurship in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/entrepreneurial-ecosystems-africa).
## Aggregate Economic Benefits
Mitigating entrepreneurship inertia can have a profoundly positive impact on Ghana’s economy. Increased entrepreneurial activity drives job creation, innovation, and economic diversification—core pillars discussed in [Africa’s economic transformation](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-economic-transformation).
A vibrant entrepreneurial ecosystem reduces dependence on traditional sectors, builds resilience against external shocks, and fosters sustainable growth. Unlocking this potential requires tackling financial, regulatory, and cultural barriers head-on, ensuring that Ghana’s entrepreneurial energy translates into tangible economic progress—a recurring theme across NubianBiz’s focus on [sustainable African growth](https://nubianbiz.com/sustainable-growth-africa).
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Harnessing Comparative Advantage in Community Development: A Focus on Ghana's Districts and Regions](https://nubianbiz.com/harnessing-comparative-advantage-in-community-development-a-focus-on-ghanas-districts-and-regions/)
**Published:** January 31, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## Comparative Advantage and Community Development in Ghana
**Comparative advantage**, a principle foundational to international trade, holds immense potential in community development, particularly within Ghana’s districts and regions. This article explores how leveraging unique strengths at local levels can catalyze socio-economic growth, emphasizing the role of **Community Development Corporations (CDCs)** in fostering sustainable and inclusive development.
## Comparative Advantage—What Is It?
**Comparative advantage** is a key principle in international trade that explains how nations benefit from specializing in producing goods for which they have the lowest opportunity cost and trading them for goods where they are less efficient *(opportunity cost is the idea that whenever you make a choice, you give up the chance to do something else that might have been valuable. It’s about considering what you might be missing out on when you decide to do one thing instead of another. This helps you make better decisions by thinking about the trade-offs involved in how you use your time, money, and energy).*
Developed by economist **David Ricardo**, the concept highlights that even if one country is more efficient in producing all goods (**absolute advantage**), mutual benefits arise when each country specializes based on their relative efficiency.
Learn more about Ricardo’s theory here:
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/comparativeadvantage.asp>
### How It Works
When countries allocate resources to industries where they are relatively more productive, they can maximize output and trade to meet other needs. For instance, if one nation is particularly efficient at producing wheat due to favorable land and climate (low opportunity cost) and another excels in producing machinery due to advanced technology, each country focuses on their respective strength. Through trade, they can obtain other goods at a lower cost than if they produced everything domestically.
An illustrative example is trade between the **United States** and **Saudi Arabia**. The U.S. might specialize in producing corn, while Saudi Arabia focuses on oil, as each has a comparative advantage in these industries. By exchanging corn for oil, both countries can consume more of both goods than they could by producing everything domestically.
Empirical evidence supports Ricardo’s theory, with studies using **Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)** data showing a correlation between predicted and actual specialization patterns.
FAO trade and production data:
<https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data>
However, real-world factors such as technology, market access, and political considerations also influence trade patterns.
This principle is not just theoretical but actively shapes global economic policies and trade agreements, ensuring that resources are used efficiently and economies grow through mutual cooperation.
## Understanding Comparative Advantage in Community Development
Comparative advantage in community development involves identifying and maximizing local resources, skills, and opportunities that uniquely position a community for specific developmental initiatives. This approach reduces inefficiencies, fosters self-reliance, and allows **CDCs** in districts and regions to specialize in areas where they have natural or acquired advantages.
To analyze Ghana’s districts and regions through the lens of comparative advantage and its potential for **intra-Ghana trade**, it is essential to understand how each district’s unique resources, skills, and production capacities can complement others, fostering regional economic growth.
## District-Level Advantages in Ghana
### Agricultural Strengths
Districts such as **Ejura-Sekyedumase** in the **Ashanti Region** are notable for their production of staple crops like maize and yam. Leveraging their surplus through better trade with districts in need of food security can address regional imbalances.
Ghana district profiles:
<https://www.statsghana.gov.gh/>
### Mineral Wealth
Districts like **Obuasi**, with significant gold deposits, have a comparative advantage in mining. Developing local value chains for gold and integrating them with manufacturing regions can enhance economic benefits.
Ghana Minerals Commission:
<https://www.mincom.gov.gh/>
### Tourism and Culture
Coastal districts such as **Cape Coast** and **Ada** offer unique cultural and natural attractions. Promoting eco-tourism and linking it to hospitality services in neighboring areas can diversify income sources.
Ghana Tourism Authority:
<https://www.ghana.travel/>
## Regional Synergies
Each region can amplify its districts’ advantages through coordinated development.
**Northern Region**
Known for livestock farming, it could become a hub for meat processing and supply to the southern industrial zones, addressing imbalances in meat supply and demand.
**Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions**
As urban and industrial hubs, they are well-positioned to process raw materials from rural districts, creating employment and industrial growth.
## Intra-Ghana Trade Potential
By leveraging the unique advantages of each district, **CDCs** can stimulate intra-national trade, reduce reliance on imports, and establish robust value chains. Investing in regional road and rail networks—such as the **Eastern Corridor Road**—would significantly enhance connectivity between agricultural districts in the north and industrial centers in the south.
Ministry of Roads and Highways (Ghana):
<https://mrh.gov.gh/>
Developing agro-processing zones in regions with surplus production, such as the **Bono Region** for cashew nuts, could increase export value while addressing unemployment. CDCs can establish **regional trade corporations** to identify and promote district-specific comparative advantages.
Digital platforms that connect producers, buyers, and logistics—such as regional e-commerce and trade hubs—can further strengthen these value chains.
Example of a digital trade ecosystem:
<https://nubianbiz.com/>
By adopting these strategies, CDCs can align district strengths with broader regional goals and enhance Ghana’s participation in the **African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)** framework.
AfCFTA Secretariat:
<https://afcfta.au.int/>
## “Charity Begins at Home”
The adage **“Charity begins at home”** provides a compelling framework for understanding how comparative advantage within national borders can strengthen both domestic and international trade.
### Building a Strong Domestic Foundation
Domestic trade prepares industries for international success. Regions that specialize based on comparative advantage refine production techniques, improve efficiency, and achieve economies of scale, laying the groundwork for competitive exports.
### Promoting Economic Equity
Fostering intra-national trade helps reduce regional disparities. Urban centers may focus on technology and services, while rural regions capitalize on agriculture and resource extraction, creating balanced and inclusive development.
### Facilitating Global Trade Balance
A strong domestic economy enables countries to negotiate favorable trade terms internationally. This model is evident in economies like the **United States** and **European Union**, where regional specialization strengthens global competitiveness.
In conclusion, the principle of **comparative advantage**, when adapted by **local Community Development Corporations**, provides a robust model for community development. By focusing on their strengths, districts and regions can achieve sustainable growth while reducing poverty and inequality.
The active participation of CDCs ensures these efforts remain inclusive, impactful, and community-driven. This approach underscores the importance of identifying unique local opportunities and fostering collaboration among stakeholders to build resilient and prosperous communities in Ghana.
---
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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**Categories:** Business, Economics, Entrepreneurship
---
### [Raising the Bar: Does Competition Really Promote Better Customer Service?](https://nubianbiz.com/raising-the-bar-does-competition-really-promote-better-customer-service/)
**Published:** January 31, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In the global business landscape, competition is often heralded as a catalyst for enhanced customer service. The underlying premise suggests that as businesses vie for consumer attention and loyalty, they are compelled to elevate their service standards. However, this Western-centric perspective may not universally apply, particularly within the African context. By fostering collaboration over competition, African businesses have the potential to circumvent common pitfalls associated with competitive markets and more effectively address customer needs.
## The Western Paradigm: Competition and Customer Service
In Western economies, the free-market system thrives on competition. Businesses strive to outperform rivals by supposedly offering superior products, services, or pricing. This relentless pursuit should lead to innovation and improved customer experiences, as widely discussed in free-market theory and competitive strategy literature (see [Porter’s Competitive Strategy](https://hbr.org/1979/03/how-competitive-forces-shape-strategy)). However, it also harbors potential drawbacks, including market saturation, diminished profit margins, and a propensity to prioritize short-term gains over sustainable growth.
### Market Saturation
When multiple businesses continuously introduce new products and services in an attempt to outdo each other, markets can become saturated. This saturation means that there are more products available than the market demand can support. Consumers may have an overwhelming number of choices, leading to decision fatigue and potentially decreasing overall sales, a phenomenon widely explored in consumer behavior research such as *The Paradox of Choice* by Barry Schwartz ([learn more](https://www.ted.com/talks/barry_schwartz_the_paradox_of_choice)). In saturated markets, businesses may struggle to stand out, and innovation can plateau as companies focus on minor improvements rather than groundbreaking advancements.
### Diminished Profit Margins
The push to offer competitive pricing often results in reduced profit margins. In highly competitive industries, businesses may engage in price wars, where each company lowers its prices to attract customers, sometimes at the expense of profitability. While lower prices can benefit consumers in the short term, the long-term effect can be detrimental to businesses, particularly smaller ones that cannot sustain reduced margins. This dynamic is frequently observed in highly competitive retail and airline markets ([industry analysis](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/price-war.asp)). This situation can lead to decreased investments in research and development, staff, and quality improvements, ultimately affecting customer service and product quality.
### Short-Term Gains Over Sustainable Growth
In the quest to stay ahead of competitors, businesses may prioritize short-term gains over long-term sustainability. This focus can manifest in various ways, such as cutting corners in product development, reducing investment in employee training, or engaging in environmentally harmful practices to reduce costs. While these actions might boost immediate profits or market share, they can lead to long-term consequences, including brand damage, regulatory penalties, and a loss of consumer trust—issues increasingly highlighted in ESG and sustainability discourse ([read more](https://www.unpri.org/what-is-responsible-investment)).
## The African Context: A Collaborative Approach
Africa’s diverse economic landscape is characterized by varying levels of development, infrastructure, and market conditions. This diversity presents a unique opportunity for businesses to adopt collaborative strategies that can help them navigate the complexities of the African market, as highlighted by organizations such as the [African Development Bank](https://www.afdb.org/).
By emphasizing partnerships and collective efforts, companies can pool their resources, share knowledge, and co-create solutions that are tailored to local markets. This approach has several benefits:
By embracing collaborative strategies, businesses can reap numerous benefits that drive growth, innovation, and prosperity. One of the primary advantages is improved customer service, as collaborative approaches enable businesses to gain a deeper understanding of local customer needs and preferences. This, in turn, leads to more effective and targeted customer service, fostering loyalty and driving business success.
Moreover, partnerships and collaborations facilitate the sharing of ideas, expertise, and resources, giving rise to innovative solutions that address local challenges. This increased innovation enables businesses to stay ahead of the curve, adapting to changing market conditions and capitalizing on new opportunities.
Collaborative strategies also contribute to enhanced community development, as businesses work together to support local economic growth, create jobs, and improve living standards. By engaging with local communities and understanding their needs, businesses can develop tailored solutions that drive positive social impact, aligning with inclusive growth models promoted by institutions such as the [UN Global Compact](https://www.unglobalcompact.org/).
In addition, fostering partnerships and collaborations helps businesses build resilience in the face of economic uncertainty. By sharing risks and opportunities with other stakeholders, businesses can navigate challenges more effectively, ensuring their long-term sustainability.
Furthermore, collaborative strategies provide businesses with access to new markets, customers, and revenue streams. This, in turn, enables them to expand their operations, increase their competitiveness, and drive growth.
To leverage these benefits, businesses can adopt various collaborative approaches. Partnering with local businesses, for instance, allows companies to gain a deeper understanding of the market, access new customers, and develop tailored solutions. Engaging with communities is another effective strategy, as it enables businesses to identify local needs and develop solutions that drive positive social impact.
Joining industry associations and networking groups also provides businesses with opportunities to connect with other stakeholders, share knowledge, and stay informed about market trends and developments. Developing strategic partnerships with other businesses, governments, or organizations can further provide access to new markets, technologies, or expertise.
Finally, fostering innovation ecosystems, including incubators, accelerators, and innovation hubs, can help businesses drive entrepreneurship, innovation, and collaboration. By supporting the development of these ecosystems, businesses can tap into a vibrant community of innovators and entrepreneurs, driving growth and prosperity across the continent.
## Case Studies: Collaboration in Action
In both the airline and music industries, emphasizing partnerships and collective efforts has proven to be an effective strategy for driving growth, innovation, and customer satisfaction.
In the airline industry, strategic alliances and codeshare agreements have been instrumental in facilitating collaboration. Major airline alliances, such as [Star Alliance](https://www.staralliance.com/), [SkyTeam](https://www.skyteam.com/), and [Oneworld](https://www.oneworld.com/), have enabled member airlines to share resources, including routes, airport lounges, and customer service systems. Codeshare agreements have also enabled airlines to expand their network without incurring additional costs, providing consumers with more flight options and smoother travel experiences.
A notable example of successful collaboration in Africa is the partnership between Ethiopian Airlines and other African carriers under the [African Airlines Association (AFRAA)](https://www.afraa.org/). By pooling their resources, these airlines have been able to improve route efficiency and offer better service to passengers, enhancing intra-African connectivity.
In the music industry, collaborative platforms and artist partnerships have been key drivers of innovation and growth. Streaming services such as [Spotify](https://www.spotify.com/) and [Apple Music](https://www.apple.com/apple-music/) have partnered with local music labels and artists to offer region-specific content, providing local artists with global exposure.
Artist partnerships have also been instrumental in creating innovative music that appeals to a broader audience. Collaborations between artists from different genres or regions have allowed them to share their fan bases and creative ideas. A notable example is Nigerian artist Burna Boy’s collaborations with international artists like Ed Sheeran and Sam Smith, which have helped propel Afrobeat to a global audience ([artist profile](https://www.grammy.com/artists/burna-boy/25196)).
Ultimately, both the airline and music industries demonstrate that by tailoring solutions to local markets through partnerships and collaborations, companies can drive growth, innovation, and customer satisfaction while promoting economic development and cultural exchange.
## Cultural Foundations of Collaboration
Historically, African societies have embraced communal and cooperative practices. Traditional systems such as the *Ubuntu* philosophy in Southern Africa emphasize collective well-being and shared success (“I am because we are”), a concept widely discussed in African philosophy and leadership studies ([learn more](https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ubuntu-philosophy)).
While competition has its merits, the African business environment stands to gain significantly from embracing collaboration. By leveraging collective strengths and fostering partnerships, businesses can enhance customer service, drive innovation, and contribute to sustainable economic development. This collaborative ethos, deeply rooted in African traditions, offers a pathway to not only meet but exceed customer expectations in a manner that is culturally aligned and economically advantageous.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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---
### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis–Part 11](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-11/)
**Published:** March 21, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
**Prologue**
It is an undeniable fact that economic development is a function of management (Harvard Business Review – Management and Development). Without effective management, then, no economy can truly develop. In this sixth and final part (eleventh in all) of examining economic development from the perspective of the [Value Pyramid of Management (VPM)](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-6/), we turn attention to the shareholder. Our goal is to analyse the extent to which shareholder interests has impacted economic development.
Over the centuries, management has largely been shaped by the interests of the capital owner (Investopedia – Shareholder Value). Shareholder value maximization, therefore, has been the pursuit of management. This has often led to trampling other more important stakeholders in management.
The VPM, propounded by this author, seeks to correct the erroneous view that has been held over the years by management and which has significantly held back true development. It holds that, rather than the shareholder being at the top of the pyramid as the most critical and important stakeholder, his place is really at the bottom!
 **The Value Pyramid of Management**
**Relative Importance of the Shareholder**
Capital is very crucial for the start-up of many businesses. Yet coming by capital, especially in terms of money, has always been difficult. Having investors who buy into the company by way of shares is thus quite helpful ([World Bank – Capital and Economic Development](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialsector/overview)). Through their investments, it becomes possible for the business to acquire the necessary resources to operate and create employment. It is this function of capital, among other things, that has led to giving shareholder interests primacy in management.
**Self-Destruction**
The role of investors and their relative importance notwithstanding, placing the shareholder’s interest foremost in management and economics has really proved to be self-destructive as time has borne out.
***King Money***.Ever since money was discovered, it has ruled man ([Encyclopedia Britannica – Money](https://www.britannica.com/topic/money)). Our thoughts, decisions, and actions have all been mostly decided by money—what to do with one’s life, the kind of education and career to pursue, whom to marry, whom to love and whom to hate are just but a few of those decisions that most of us make based on money.
Many countries have become subservient to others due to money; nations have visited atrocities on humanity due to money ([Encyclopaedia Britannica – Money](https://www.britannica.com/topic/money)); some families have broken down due to money; people have killed for money.
Some call it tiger-paper; others call it lifeblood; and still others call it the devil. But wait a minute: whatever and however you call it, is it money that is at fault or man is? Well, why should it be that God made man in His image to worship Him; yet when man discovered money, he made it his god and king to worship (Mammon), instead of the other way round (Bible, Matthew 6:24)? So, the fault then is
with man himself and not money per se.
It is this divinity that we have accorded money that reflects in management and economics (Harvard Business Review – Management and Money). And that is why the shareholder’s interests hold paramount in management to the neglect of the other critical stakeholders. The result is the emergence of false development that has driven mankind in general into dismay.
***Nature Weeps***: In the name of shareholder value maximization and economic development, industries have literally raped and tortured nature ([United Nations Environment Programme – Industrial Impact](https://www.unep.org/resources)). Our water bodies, including the oceans, have been polluted, lands have been degraded, forests have been decimated and the air we breathe has been fouled ([Encyclopaedia Britannica – Oceans and Environment](https://www.britannica.com/science/ocean)).
Today, due to climate change triggered by man’s greed and quest for development (IPCC – Climate Change Impacts), the level of the sea has risen, causing sea erosion of land along several coastal towns and cities, destroying property and displacing numerous people.
Furthermore, using the sea as garbage dump, plastics, sewage, industrial waste and so forth are continually dumped into it. Yet our very lives depend on the oceans! According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 90% of the air we breathe comes from the sea ([Encyclopaedia Britannica – Ocean Oxygen](https://www.britannica.com/science/ocean)). So, if in the name of economic development, we are doing this to the sea is that development positive? Is it beneficial?
Also, adequate fresh, pure water has become a luxury. Many homes and communities are without water, especially in the ‘developing’ world. Yet, the ‘developed’ world is not without polluted water running through their taps. Globally, we are all suffering from ailments that are water-borne (Audubon Society – Water: The Essential Resource): “One-third of humanity labors in a perpetual state of illness or debility as a result of impure water; another third is threatened by the release into water of chemical substances whose long-term effects are unknown.”
Regarding the loss of forests to activities such as farming, mining and logging, the [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations](https://www.fao.org/forestry/en/) stated: “Although the rate of net loss of forest has decreased in recent years, the world is still losing about 200 sq km of forest a day.” Do we call that true development?
***Society Is Crumbling:*** Societies of ‘developed’ economies are crumbling, thanks to the shareholder’s interest (OECD – Social Impacts of Economic Development). To make the shareholder richer, spouses spend very little quality time together. And this has contributed to many married couples distancing from each other, eventually leading to divorce in some cases. Children also do not get to spend enough quality time with their parents, although they may be showered with expensive gifts and all the conveniences of life. Eventually, they end up spoiled and deviant, invariably. Yet the shareholder views himself as a benefactor who puts food on the table, roof over heads and clothes on backs!
However, that is not the case with developed countries alone. Following Western hegemony of ‘development’, ‘developing’ countries are also following suit. The family, the basic institution of society—its very foundation—is thus fast crumbling (UNICEF – Family and Social Development).
***Human Resources Are Being Exploited:*** As stated above, the employee who sacrifices all of his comforts and even some familial responsibilities to make the shareholder richer is rather made to view the shareholder as his saviour! Yet he’s being exploited (International Labour Organization – Workers and Exploitation).
First of all, the employee is treated as one whose value ends with what he does for the organization. He is thus labour, a cog in the machine and nothing more.
But quite apart from that, some are given a false sense of consciousness and well-being. They only realize how much they have been exploited after retirement. Once their services have been disposed of, many sink low into a state of despondency, poverty, and more while the shareholder enjoys their fruitage well into his old age and death. Following that, his descendants come to also enjoy it!
Employees are also exploited when in the interest of increasing shareholder value, management set them against each other in unbridled competition for higher ‘productivity’ that is rewarded with promotion up the corporate ladder (Harvard Business Review – Employee Exploitation). Many of those that thereby succeed then tend to view themselves as better species than the others. This has led to employees being alienated from each other by viewing one another as competitors first; and humans second.
***Customers Are Being Exploited:*** Thanks to their base instincts to crave more, in the interest of the shareholder, management and the economy have succeeded in creating more and more needs out of wants for customers (Forbes – Consumerism and Exploitation). This way, they succeed in getting customers to either over-work themselves or indulge in social vices so as to afford those things.
Furthermore, customers have been made to calculate their value in what they possess and the like instead of the true person within them. Any wonder that there’s so much haughtiness, lovelessness, mechanical relationships and brute behavior in society?
***Puppet Management:*** Management has thus become a puppet in the hands of shareholders whose bidding they carry out (Forbes – Management as Shareholder Puppet).
Instead of considering the general good, management concerns itself more with the balance sheet. It is this tendency that has led to the brazen disregard for the most critical stakeholders of management. As we have been discussing, nature, society/humanity, human resources and customers have all been suffering due to management’s dummy role.
The time has thus come for management to be re-invented in order to give greater attention to the most important stakeholders of management. That is the only way that true development can come about.
Development is associated with civilization (United Nations – Human Development Index). Hence the ‘developed’ world is referred to also as civilized countries. How true is that? Or is it another charade designed to deceive the unwary? We will be discussing that in the final part of the series. series.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among other*s.
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---
### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis–Part 12](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-12/)
**Published:** April 2, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
This is the final part of the series. In the previous eleven (11) parts, we dissected economic development as advanced by Western hegemony from two perspectives; namely, sociological and managerial. In this final part, we’ll look at what true economic development really is. But to begin with, since development is often associated with civilization, we want to see whether economic development as we have it today has really led to civilization.
The term civilization has varied meanings depending on the perspective from which it is looked at. And what makes a society civilized is open to debate and is often subjective. Thus there’s no single definition for the word. However, the following definition seems to capture what is generally thought of when we say civilization.
According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary – Civilization, civilization is “An advanced stage or system of human social development.” Civilization is usually contrasted with barbarism which is “absence of culture and civilization; Extreme cruelty or brutality.”
What does it mean to be advanced? ‘Advanced’ simply means complex. And that is opposed to the true nature of man as he was originally designed to live: “This is all that I have learned: God made us plain and simple, but we have made ourselves very complicated.”—Ecclesiastes 7:29, Good News Bible.
Religiously, throughout history, some have sought to ‘civilize’ other peoples by imposing their unique religious beliefs on them (Encyclopedia Britannica – Colonialism and Religion).
Politically, these efforts often included the establishment of institutions such as legislature, judiciary, economics, finance, education, and family life patterned after the colonizers (United Nations – Development and Colonization).
Economic development as is promoted today is thus all a farce. It’s a smoke-screen designed to alienate peoples, pitching one against another in brutal competition; creating a world of selfishness, lovelessness, hostility and greed ([World Bank – Critiques of Western Development Models](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview)).
True economic development is really opposed to the type that is promoted by the West and which almost every nation pursues—it is based on simplicity. Here is a story I read on the Brefi Group website which demonstrates this amply:
*Story of the Mexican fisherman and the American investment banker* (as written in the original text).
This illustrates the Western approach of maximizing wealth and complexity versus a simple, fulfilling lifestyle (Harvard Business Review – Simplicity in Life and Business).
In a truly developed and civilized economy, the most important quality is spirituality (OECD – Human Well-Being and Development). In contrast, in falsely advanced systems, the most important quality is disregard of God and spirituality.
In a truly developed society, the family comes first (UNICEF – Family Well-Being), while in falsely advanced economies, the system separates family members for wealth accumulation.
Morality, decency, and respect for nature are cherished in truly developed economies ([World Bank – Sustainable Development](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/sustainabledevelopment)), whereas in falsely developed systems, environmental degradation and social vices are prevalent.
Certainly, in terms of true economic development and civilization, there is no country on earth today that is truly developed and civilized (United Nations – Human Development Index). The world is replete with weapons of mass destruction ([United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs](https://www.un.org/disarmament/)), greed is on the ascendency, and many humans act destructively in society.
The only way out is to think reverse and act reverse to the blind leadership in false economic development (Stanford Social Innovation Review – Rethinking Development). Return to the basics—embrace true spirituality, inner joy, peace, and love—which cost nothing but yield everything.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others*.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business
---
### [Personal Branding Essentials](https://nubianbiz.com/personal-branding-the-essentials/)
**Published:** April 18, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
A brand is a “Name, term, design, symbol, or any other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers.” ([American Marketing Association – Definition of Brand](https://www.ama.org/the-definition-of-marketing/)) “Branding began as a way to tell one person’s cattle from another by means of a hot iron stamp.”—[Wikipedia – Branding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brand)
From the above definition, the essence of branding is differentiation. This differentiation is more effectively communicated without being spoken. It should exude and make a clear statement through non-verbal communication. That makes it authentic ([Forbes – Importance of Branding](https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescoachescouncil/2021/08/26/the-importance-of-personal-branding/)).
In personal branding, therefore, an individual should view himself/herself as he/she would a product; design him/herself, package him/herself and put him/herself out there as different from others ([Harvard Business Review – Personal Branding](https://hbr.org/2020/01/personal-branding-in-the-digital-age)).
**Why Essential**
Personal branding has become particularly important in our time because of the knowledge economy we live in ([OECD – Knowledge Economy](https://www.oecd.org/sti/sci-tech/knowledge-economy.htm)). In the industrial age, physical products were dominant and emphasized. Hence the design, manufacture and packaging of a product mainly had to do with physical products. That has changed now.
Knowledge workers now dominate many of the world’s major economies. “Knowledge Workers are now estimated to outnumber all other workers in North America by at least a four to one margin ([Haag et al., 2006](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/business-management/knowledge-worker))”
It has therefore become imperative for a knowledge worker to brand and position him/herself strategically in order to succeed. Without such branding, he/she would not be seen or felt ([Entrepreneur – Personal Branding](https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244948)). And if you’re not seen or felt, you’re as good as nonexistent!
**The Essentials**
Think strategically. According to the Center for Applied Research (USA) “Strategic thinking focuses on finding and developing unique opportunities to create value by enabling a provocative and creative dialogue among people who can affect a company’s direction ([Center for Applied Research – Strategic Thinking](https://www.carolina.unc.edu/research/center-applied-research)).
“It is the input to strategic planning—good strategic thinking uncovers potential opportunities for creating value and challenges assumptions about a company’s value proposition, so that when the plan is created, it targets these opportunities.
“Strategic thinking is a way of understanding the fundamental drivers of a business and rigorously (and playfully) challenging conventional thinking about them, in conversation with others.”
According to [Wikipedia – Strategic Thinking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_thinking), “Recent strategic thought points ever more clearly towards the conclusion that the critical strategic question is not “What?” (usually addressed by conventional thinking), but “Why?” (or “How?”)”.
Strategic thinking, therefore, has its roots in the quest to challenge the status quo and find answers to the “whys?” and the “hows?” That is what you should do if you really want to brand yourself ([MindTools – Strategic Thinking](https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/strategic-thinking.htm)).
**“Love nonsense”**
Information is often found in the most unlikely places such as in the garbage; while reading kids’ textbooks; riding on public transport such as a taxi or tro-tro (bush taxi); playing snooker or monopoly, even ludu; etc. Such information, invaluable though as they can be, can never be found in the classroom ([Fast Company – Creative Thinking](https://www.fastcompany.com/)).
Thus in the quest to brand yourself, look for information from unconventional sources, challenge the status quo and think differently. Generally, strategic thinkers believe that there is always another way of looking at things and doing things; and that may as well be the best one at the moment ([Harvard Business Review – Think Differently](https://hbr.org/2003/09/strategic-thinking)).
Create your own vision statement. As an individual or a professional do you have a vision statement? Do you have a clearly stated destination to which you’re headed? That is very critical to your success ([MindTools – Vision Statements](https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_90.htm)).
However, in creating your vision, be careful to avoid selfishness. If you create a vision with a parochial interest you’ll get nowhere and gain no satisfaction, unless you’re a narcissist, which I believe you’re not!
**Create your mission statement**
Your vision determines your mission ([Forbes – Vision and Mission Statements](https://www.forbes.com/advisor/business/mission-statement-vs-vision-statement/)). Your vision is your goal whilst your mission embodies your objectives. Just as objectives are a break-down of your goals—the steps that lead up to achieving the overall goal—a mission helps to identify the little steps that you need to take towards the realization of your vision.
**Determine your values**
Your values are things you stand up for; virtues that you espouse and live by ([Harvard Business Review – Personal Values](https://hbr.org/2020/01/the-power-of-personal-values)). Values serve as an anchor; they stabilize your thoughts and actions. Holding to them helps to differentiate you from others and contributes in no small measure to your personal branding efforts.
**Live Your Brand**
After defining all the above and putting them on paper, be sure to live them ([Entrepreneur – Living Your Brand](https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244948)). Many business organizations project one thing about themselves but act differently. That should not be so in your case. Live your brand by living up to what you define as your standards and values. And be consistent. That makes you authentic.
If you do so, as mentioned earlier, your personal brand will exude itself, making your target market notice and feel you.
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Education, Leadership, Lifestyle, Society
**Tags:** africa, gen alpha, ghana, youth
---
### [Generational Analysis in Ghana: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats](https://nubianbiz.com/generational-analysis-in-ghana-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-and-threats/)
**Published:** July 7, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
The generational experiences of Baby Boomers, Generation X, Millennials, and Generation Z in Ghana offer a fascinating case study of how socio-economic, political, and technological developments have shaped the lives and aspirations of each generation ([Pew Research Center – Generational Differences](https://www.pewresearch.org/)). While these experiences reflect global trends, they are uniquely influenced by Ghana’s distinct post-independence struggles, economic reforms, and rapid digital transformation ([World Bank – Ghana Overview](https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ghana/overview)). *(I use these generational labels loosely for analytical purposes since they are set in the western world, especially the USA.)*
An analysis of the SWOT dynamics across these generations reveals the interconnected impact of their experiences on social, political, and economic change in Ghana (Harvard Business Review – SWOT Analysis Explained). The Baby Boomers’ nation-building efforts laid the foundation for the country’s development, while Generation X’s independence and self-reliance helped to drive economic growth and reform. Millennials’ technological savvy and entrepreneurial spirit have fueled innovation and digital transformation ([OECD – Youth, Innovation and Entrepreneurship](https://www.oecd.org/)), while Generation Z’s curiosity and openness to new experiences are poised to drive further social and economic change (World Economic Forum – Gen Z).
Ultimately, understanding the generational experiences and SWOT dynamics in Ghana provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of factors that have shaped the country’s development and will continue to influence its future ([UNDP – Human Development in Ghana](https://www.undp.org/ghana)). By recognizing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that define each generation, policymakers, business leaders, and individuals can better navigate the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead, working together to build a brighter, more prosperous future for all Ghanaians.
**Baby Boomers (1946–1964): Independence and Nation-Building** *(credit www.huckmag.com)*
The Baby Boomers in Ghana, born between 1946 and 1964, experienced a unique blend of optimism and challenges as they grew up in the wake of independence (BBC – Ghana Independence). Under Kwame Nkrumah’s leadership, they were fueled by a collective sense of pride and purpose, driven by the vision of a self-sufficient Ghana ([Kwame Nkrumah Biography – Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kwame-Nkrumah)).
However, their idealism was soon tested by political instability, including the overthrow of Nkrumah in 1966 and subsequent military coups ([Council on Foreign Relations – Ghana Political History](https://www.cfr.org/)). These events undermined the progress made in the early years of independence, when economic growth created opportunities for education and employment. It was during their time that the saying *“Ghanaians are magicians”* became popular, reflecting resilience amid economic hardship.
Despite these challenges, the Baby Boomers played a crucial role in shaping Ghana’s socio-political structure. Their experiences highlighted the importance of addressing neocolonial economic dependence and political instability ([Kwame Nkrumah – Neo-Colonialism](https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nkrumah/neo-colonialism/)).
As the younger bracket of this generation approaches retirement, they face new challenges, including optimizing savings in an economy marked by volatility ([IMF – Ghana Economic Outlook](https://www.imf.org/en/Countries/GHA)).
**Generation X (1965–1980): Resilience Amid Economic Challenges**
Generation X in Ghana bore the brunt of economic decline during the 1970s and 1980s, marked by inflation, unemployment, and Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) implemented by the IMF ([IMF – Structural Adjustment Programs](https://www.imf.org/)). Many turned to informal economies and migration to survive (ILO – Informal Economy).
While SAPs aimed to stabilize the economy, they reduced public investment in education and healthcare, exacerbating inequality ([World Bank – SAPs in Africa](https://www.worldbank.org/)). Political reforms in the 1990s culminated in Ghana’s Fourth Republic (Ghana Fourth Republic – Britannica).
**Millennials (1981–1996): Globalization and Digital Transformation**
Millennials in Ghana grew up during political stabilization and economic liberalization ([African Development Bank – Ghana Economy](https://www.afdb.org/en/countries/west-africa/ghana)). The digital revolution expanded access to information and global networks ([ITU – Digital Inclusion](https://www.itu.int/)).
Despite high unemployment and inequality ([Ghana Statistical Service – Labour Force](https://statsghana.gov.gh/)), opportunities emerged through fintech and creative industries ([GSMA – Mobile Economy Sub-Saharan Africa](https://www.gsma.com/)). Environmental challenges and governance issues remained significant threats ([UNEP – Climate Change in Africa](https://www.unep.org/)).
**Generation Z (1997–2012): Digital Natives and Agents of Change**
Generation Z in Ghana is technologically fluent and globally connected ([UNICEF – Generation Z](https://www.unicef.org/)). They leverage digital platforms for activism and entrepreneurship but face mental health challenges linked to social media ([WHO – Youth Mental Health](https://www.who.int/)).
The digital economy presents new opportunities ([World Bank – Digital Economy for Africa](https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/all-africa-digital-transformation)), though economic instability and the digital divide remain threats ([UNESCO – Digital Divide](https://www.unesco.org/)).
**What Does the Future Hold for Gen Alpha?**
Generation Alpha will grow up in a world shaped by AI, automation, and climate urgency ([World Economic Forum – Future of Jobs](https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-2023/)). Lifelong learning, STEM education, and mental well-being will be essential ([OECD – Education 2030](https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/)).
Their heightened awareness of sustainability, inclusion, and global citizenship will influence future economic and social systems ([UN – Sustainable Development Goals](https://sdgs.un.org/goals)).
**Implications for Management, Business and the Economy**
Generational shifts and digital transformation have major implications for management and business strategy ([McKinsey – Future of Work](https://www.mckinsey.com/)). Companies must prioritize DEI, sustainability, and digital innovation (Harvard Business Review – Inclusive Leadership).
Governments and businesses must invest in education and workforce development to remain competitive ([World Bank – Skills Development](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/skillsdevelopment)). Understanding generational dynamics enables proactive adaptation and sustainable growth.
Ostensibly, the interconnected experiences of Ghanaian generations underscore the importance of understanding generational dynamics in shaping a nation’s trajectory. By addressing persistent weaknesses and threats, Ghana can leverage the strengths of its younger generations to build a more inclusive and sustainable future.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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**Categories:** Economics, Society
**Tags:** generation, ghana, nkrumah
---
### [The Business Case for Designing, Implementing and Investing in Youth Policies](https://nubianbiz.com/the-business-case-for-designing-implementing-and-investing-in-youth-policies/)
**Published:** August 29, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In a rapidly evolving global economy, the role of businesses extends beyond profit-making to shaping the social and economic fabric of society (World Economic Forum – Role of Business in Society). Nowhere is this responsibility more critical than in Ghana, where over 60% of the population is under the age of 25 ([Ghana Statistical Service – Population Data](https://statsghana.gov.gh/)). The sheer size of this demographic presents both a challenge and an opportunity—one that businesses cannot afford to ignore. As the future workforce, consumers, and leaders, young people hold the key to the country’s long-term economic success (African Development Bank – Youth and Jobs in Africa).
However, persistent challenges such as unemployment, skills mismatches, and social discontent threaten to undermine this potential (International Labour Organization – Youth Employment). By prioritizing youth-focused policies, businesses in Ghana can not only foster economic growth and innovation but also contribute to social stability and development ([OECD – Investing in Youth](https://www.oecd.org/employment/youth/)). This article explores the interconnectedness of economic and social institutions, highlights the consequences of neglecting youth policies, and underscores why investing in young people is a strategic imperative for Ghanaian businesses.
**The Economic Institution: A Pillar of Society**
The economic institution is the backbone of any society, providing the framework through which individuals access basic necessities such as food, shelter, and clothing (Encyclopaedia Britannica – Economic Institution). In today’s globalized world, these necessities are often tied to financial resources, making the economic institution not just a facilitator of survival but a cornerstone of modern life. For businesses, this reality presents both a responsibility and an opportunity—one that extends beyond profit-making to shaping the future of society ([UN Global Compact – Business Responsibility](https://www.unglobalcompact.org/)). In Ghana, where over 60% of the population is under the age of 25, this opportunity is particularly pronounced. By developing and implementing youth-focused policies, businesses can play a transformative role in addressing societal challenges while securing their own long-term success (World Bank – Youth Economic Inclusion).
**The Interconnectedness of Social Institutions**
The economic institution does not operate in isolation; it intersects with and influences other social institutions such as politics, education, religion, and family structures ([Sociology Guide – Social Institutions](https://www.sociologyguide.com/basic-concepts/Social-Institutions.php)). These interconnections are vividly illustrated in Venn Diagrams, which show how overlapping systems shape societal outcomes.
For instance, the quality of education directly impacts the workforce, which in turn affects economic productivity ([UNESCO – Education and Economic Growth](https://www.unesco.org/en/education)). Similarly, political stability influences business confidence ([World Bank – Political Stability and Growth](https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2017)), while cultural and religious values shape consumer behavior (Harvard Business Review – Culture and Consumer Behavior). Within this intricate web, the youth emerge as a critical demographic. They are not only the future workforce but also the next generation of leaders, innovators, and consumers ([United Nations – Youth and Development](https://www.un.org/development/desa/youth/)). Ignoring their needs and aspirations risks creating a disconnect that can have far-reaching consequences for both businesses and society.
**The Cost of Neglecting Youth Policy**
Historically, youth policy has been a neglected aspect of corporate strategy, often relegated to the periphery of social responsibility initiatives ([McKinsey – Rethinking Corporate Social Responsibility](https://www.mckinsey.com/)). This oversight has had dire consequences globally, as evidenced by recent uprisings and social movements. The Arab Spring, for example, was fueled in large part by the frustration of young people facing unemployment and limited opportunities ([Brookings – Arab Spring and Youth](https://www.brookings.edu/)). Similarly, the UK riots, Occupy Wall Street, and Italian protests highlighted the growing disillusionment of youth who feel excluded from economic and social systems ([The Guardian – Youth and Social Unrest](https://www.theguardian.com/)).
In more recent years, the **\#EndSARS protests in Nigeria in 2020**, led predominantly by young people demanding an end to police brutality and systemic corruption, demonstrated the power of youth (Amnesty International – #EndSARS Nigeria).
Mobilization and the consequences of ignoring their grievances. In **South Africa**, recurring youth-led protests over education inequality, unemployment, and service delivery have further emphasized the urgency of addressing youth concerns ([South African Youth Protests – Al Jazeera](https://www.aljazeera.com/where/south-africa/)). Globally, the **Black Lives Matter** movement, driven significantly by young activists, has highlighted systemic injustices and the demand for meaningful change ([Black Lives Matter – Official Movement](https://blacklivesmatter.com/)). Additionally, the **2021 youth-led climate strikes**, inspired by activists like **Greta Thunberg**, have shown how young people are at the forefront of pressing global issues ([Fridays for Future – Global Climate Strikes](https://fridaysforfuture.org/); [Greta Thunberg – Climate Activism](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Greta-Thunberg)).
These events serve as stark reminders that neglecting the youth is not just a moral failing but a strategic misstep with the potential to destabilize societies and economies. As Jimmy Cliff powerfully reminds us in his song *Treat the Youth Right*:
Treat the youths right
Instead of putting up a fight
Treat the youths right
Or you’ll been playin’ with dynamite
When you go and look for a job
There is someone givin’ you a fight
Like they want you to go and rob
And we know that that’s not right
These lyrics resonate deeply in today’s context, urging businesses and governments to invest in young people, listen to their voices, and create opportunities that empower them to thrive. The time to act is now, for as Cliff’s timeless message underscores:
What was hidden from the wise and prudent
Now revealed to the babes and sucklings
What was hidden from the high school students
Now, revealed to the the kids and ducklings
**Ghana’s Youth: A Demographic at a Crossroads**
In Ghana, the stakes are equally high. With a youthful population brimming with potential, the country stands at a crossroads. On one hand, this demographic dividend offers immense opportunities for innovation, economic growth, and social progress.
On the other hand, the lack of meaningful engagement with young people risks exacerbating issues such as unemployment, underemployment, and social unrest. According to the Ghana Statistical Service, youth unemployment remains a pressing challenge, with many young people struggling to transition from education to meaningful work. This gap represents not just a loss of potential but also a ticking time bomb that businesses cannot afford to ignore.
**The Role of Businesses in Shaping the Future**
Corporate organizations have a unique role to play in addressing these challenges (World Economic Forum – The Role of Business in Society). By integrating youth policy into their core social responsibility strategies, businesses can create pathways for young people to thrive (UN Global Compact – Youth Development). This could involve initiatives such as mentorship programs, skills training, internships, and partnerships with educational institutions (International Labour Organization – Skills Development).
For example, companies in the technology sector could collaborate with universities to develop curricula that align with industry needs, ensuring that graduates are equipped with relevant skills ([World Bank – Industry–Academia Collaboration](https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education)). Similarly, businesses in the agricultural sector could invest in programs that empower young people to innovate and modernize farming practices, thereby addressing food security while creating employment opportunities (FAO – Youth in Agriculture).
Moreover, youth-focused policies are not just about altruism; they make good business sense ([OECD – Investing in Youth](https://www.oecd.org/employment/youth/)). Young people are not only the workforce of tomorrow but also a significant consumer base today ([McKinsey – Generation Z and Consumption](https://www.mckinsey.com/)). By engaging with them early, businesses can build brand loyalty, foster innovation, and tap into fresh perspectives that drive growth. Additionally, companies that prioritize youth development are likely to enjoy enhanced reputations, stronger community ties, and greater resilience in the face of social and economic challenges (Harvard Business Review – Purpose-Driven Companies).
**A Call to Action: The Time is Now**
The time for action is now. Ghanaian businesses have a unique opportunity to lead the way in shaping a future where young people are empowered to contribute meaningfully to society (African Development Bank – Youth and Jobs). By developing comprehensive youth policies, companies can help address the root causes of disillusionment and frustration, thereby mitigating the risk of social unrest (World Bank – Youth and Social Stability).
More importantly, they can play a pivotal role in unlocking the potential of Ghana’s youth, ensuring that the country’s demographic dividend becomes a source of strength rather than a liability ([United Nations – Demographic Dividend](https://www.unfpa.org/demographic-dividend)).
The economic institution is not just a mechanism for wealth creation; it is a powerful force for social change (Encyclopaedia Britannica – Economic Institutions). By prioritizing youth policies, businesses in Ghana can align their strategies with the needs of society, creating a win-win scenario that benefits both the present and the future. The youth are not just beneficiaries of this approach—they are partners in progress, and their energy, creativity, and resilience are resources that businesses cannot afford to overlook. The time to act is now, before it’s too late. Let us seize this moment to build a brighter, more inclusive future for Ghana and beyond.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/julesnene/)
**Categories:** Business
**Tags:** africa, ghana, youth
---
### [The Combustion Chamber for Economic Growth](https://nubianbiz.com/the-combustion-chamber-for-economic-growth/)
**Published:** September 12, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
The private sector is often touted as the engine of economic growth—and rightfully so (see World Bank – Private Sector Development). However, an integral component of this engine is frequently overlooked, a missing element that is crucial for producing sustainable growth.
To draw an analogy, if the private sector is the engine of economic development, then the combustion chamber is the key component that ignites this engine. In an engine, the combustion chamber is where fuel and air combine under high temperatures and pressure to generate the energy needed to power the system ([How Internal Combustion Engines Work – Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/technology/internal-combustion-engine)). Identifying and optimizing this chamber is essential for ensuring that the engine runs smoothly and efficiently.
In the context of the economy, the combustion chamber represents the **collective mindset**—the fusion of ideas, creativity, and innovation—that drives progress (OECD – Innovation and Growth). Just as the quality of the fuel and air determines the energy output in an engine, the quality of thought and decision-making among economic players directly impacts the health of an economy. The adage *“garbage in, garbage out”* applies here ([Systems Thinking Explained](https://thesystemsthinker.com/)). If the inputs into our collective mindset are flawed, the resulting economic output will suffer.
Therefore, nurturing and empowering the intellectual and creative capacities of people is critical for transforming potential into sustained economic growth—especially in **Africa and Ghana**, where this vital element has been historically underdeveloped (UNDP – Africa Human Development Report).
## Critical Defect in the Combustion Chamber
Unfortunately, in Ghana and across Africa, the combustion chamber of our collective consciousness—the very engine that powers innovation and progress—remains severely defective. This defect stems from a long history of exploitation and imposed narratives, primarily rooted in three interrelated forces:
- the **transatlantic slave trade** ([UN – Transatlantic Slave Trade](https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/slave-trade)),
- **colonialism** (Colonialism in Africa – Britannica),
- and **neocolonialism** ([Kwame Nkrumah – *Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism*](https://www.marxists.org/subject/africa/nkrumah/neo-colonialism/)).
The transatlantic slave trade not only forcibly removed some of the continent’s brightest minds but also subjected them to dehumanizing conditions on plantations. This brutal practice sowed mistrust and suspicion among families, clans, tribes, and kingdoms, as European slave traders exploited and deepened existing divisions (Slave Trade and Social Fragmentation – UNESCO).
Historically, this legacy has left an indelible mark on the collective psyche of Africans, encouraging isolation rather than collaboration, partnership, and unity—values essential for economic transformation (Social Capital and Economic Growth – World Bank).
The abolition of the slave trade did not end this hemorrhage of cultural and intellectual wealth; it merely paved the way for **colonialism**. European colonizers imposed Western education, religion, politics, and economic systems that systematically dismantled indigenous knowledge passed down for millennia (Decolonising Knowledge – SOAS).
This indigenous knowledge had built great civilizations such as **Egypt, Mali, Ashanti, Kush, and Great Zimbabwe** (African Civilizations – History.com). These imposed systems devalued Africa’s intellectual heritage and redefined African identities in ways that diminished self-worth and self-reliance.
As colonization formally ended, **neocolonialism** emerged, perpetuating Africa’s role as a supplier of raw materials while producing little for itself ([UNECA – Africa’s Structural Transformation](https://www.uneca.org/)). The educated elite—expected to lead Africa toward self-determination—often became complicit in maintaining this structure, sometimes eliminating dissent with the support of former colonial powers.
## Education, Religion, and Mental Enslavement
These elites, trained in Western ideologies, imposed foreign concepts disconnected from African realities. This created widespread confusion as people struggled to reconcile indigenous values with imported systems (Education and Cultural Identity – UNESCO).
One of the most insidious tools used to maintain control was **religion**, particularly Western Christianity as an instrument of cultural domination ([Religion and Colonialism in Africa – Oxford Academic](https://academic.oup.com/)). African spiritual systems were demonized, creating inferiority complexes that persist today.
The education system, instead of empowering Africans, became a vehicle for Western norms. African children were taught to prioritize English, French, and Portuguese over local languages (Language and Power – British Council). Parents now often avoid speaking local languages at home, resulting in identity loss.
A child without a mother tongue has no roots. Language embodies culture, values, and worldview ([Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o – *Decolonising the Mind*](https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/)). Slave masters understood this—hence the brutal practice of cutting out tongues to prevent cultural transmission. Why are we now doing this to ourselves?
**Emancipate-One Mind at A Time**
I have personally embarked on a journey to emancipate myself from mental slavery—a journey that began at the **University of Ghana** in the mid-to-late 1990s ([University of Ghana](https://www.ug.edu.gh/)). I continually question whether my ideas reflect my authentic self or are merely products of Western classrooms and media.
By blending indigenous wisdom with modern insight, I shape both my writing and business missions.
Over the years, I have observed that some of Ghana’s most innovative entrepreneurs either never entered the traditional classroom or exited early ([Entrepreneurship and Informal Learning – ILO](https://www.ilo.org/)). This does not diminish formal education’s value—but it does reveal its failure to cultivate culturally grounded entrepreneurship.
Since education is largely state-controlled, I have chosen to **cultivate my own mind**, to rule my destiny—as Buju Banton sang in *“Untold Stories”* (Buju Banton – Untold Stories).
IAs **Bob Marley** famously said:
> *“Emancipate yourself from mental slavery; none but ourselves can free our minds.”*
> ([Bob Marley – Redemption Song](https://www.bobmarley.com/))
Thus, freeing my mind is my responsibility.
By engaging with those untainted by Western educational norms, consulting elders, and reconnecting with **proverbs, folklore, songs, and oral traditions** ([African Oral Tradition – Britannica](https://www.britannica.com/topic/oral-tradition)), we can revive the wisdom that once built civilizations.
This will allow us to build enterprises rooted in **identity, cooperation, and abundance**, not Western notions of scarcity, greed, and hyper-competition.
If you choose to join me on this journey, share your experiences—no matter how small—so future generations can continue building an **authentic combustion chamber** for Africa’s economic engine.
**Sankofa** ([Meaning of Sankofa – African Symbols](https://www.adinkrasymbols.org/symbols/sankofa/)) 🐦
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business
---
### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis–Part 10](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-10/)
**Published:** March 19, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
**Prologue**
It is an undeniable fact that economic development is a function of management. Without effective management, then, no economy can truly develop. In this fifth part (tenth in all) of examining economic development from the perspective of the Value Pyramid of Management (VPM) we turn attention to management. Our goal is to analyse the extent to which management has impacted economic development and the effect thereby on management itself.
Over the centuries, management has largely been shaped by the interests of the capital owner. Shareholder value maximization, therefore, has been the pursuit of management. This has often led to trampling other more important stakeholders in management.
The VPM which was propounded by this author seeks to correct the erroneous view that has been held over the years by management and that has significantly held back true development. It holds that, rather than the shareholder being at the top of the pyramid as the most critical and important stakeholder, his place is really at the bottom!
At the apex, we have nature, followed by society/humanity. Next is human resource which also precedes customer/supplier. Management is next and as mentioned earlier, the shareholder is at the bottom.
 **Fig.1.The Value Pyramid of Management (VPM)**
**Management and Economic Development**
Management is a basic human activity. Both at the micro (individual) and macro (corporate/national) levels we all make decisions as to what, how, when, whom and why. This is basically what management does, and it is the concern of economics as well.
However, in this context, the focus is on the macro level; how corporate organizations and nations manage the resources available to them; human and material.
**Defective Management**
Over the centuries, management has been in the hands of the elite—the highly educated, the rich, the powerful and the like.
At the corporate level, management is positioned as the strategists and the most knowledgeable. This has led to making fetish of the work of management and making it aloof from the real challenges on the ground. And members of management have become tin gods as a result.
Also, the primary goal of management has been shareholder interest maximization. Decisions made are therefore driven mainly by what will be in the best interest of investors with less regard to the other stakeholders. What have been the consequences of this tendency? Basically, this has led to the trampling of those stakeholders.
Nature is being abused at an alarming rate to fill the pockets of shareholders. Land degradation, deforestation, pollution are all but a few of the consequences.
Human society and its values are being destroyed. In the name of profits, families—the very foundation of society—are being disintegrated. Some large organizations do not balk at corrupting politicians and other officials in order to have their way.
In some jurisdictions, even where traditionally religious ethics were what propelled them to prosperity, management now ridicules religion, the very institution that should provide spiritual and moral guidance for its human resources.
At the other extreme end of the pendulum, this institution has been reduced to materialism by management in other lands; making the search for God seem like a prerequisite to material success.
As a result, the have-nots are made to feel that they don’t have enough faith and are disregarded in religious activities while business tycoons with questionable characters are held in high esteem. Hence, many do not see anything wrong with committing crimes for money, so far as they can launder it with a ‘blessing’ from God by donating a token to religious bodies.
Furthermore, with emphasis being on educational qualification rather than on competency on the job, management has unwittingly contributed to making the educational institutions become places to acquire knowledge for money, fame, prestige and power (selfish ambitions) instead of instilling in students their responsibility of contributing to make society a better place. And that explains the falling educational standards the world over which has had a direct negative effect on production and employment.
Thus instead of their aggregate activities leading to improved societal stability and cohesion and adequate material well-being for all, inward-looking management has rather deepened the woes of society, making life more unbearable.
This has led to the situation that Lucky Dube sums up in his track *Celebrate Life*: “We’re living in the world with a lot of crazy people. We’re living in the world with psychopaths. Every one of them wants to rule the world. Some people have the front row seat at the top of the world. Some people have nothing but just a life. Problems are there left and right. Liars, cheaters, politicians and backstabbers making life a little bit more unbearable. It is a give or take world. So you got to take what you can when you can. Make the best of it.” (From the album *Respect*).
Just as the main focus of management at the corporate level is driven primarily by figures and the shareholder interest, so it is at the national level.
In the pursuit of economic prosperity, a charade of solutions is all that we see: family well-being and cohesion is ‘compensated’ with national family welfare institutions that hardly deal with the real issues; the values that hold society have given way to value relativism and pluralism; morals are replaced with alternative lifestyles; nature is being raped under the pretext of providing for the poor; contentment is despised in favour of consumerism that drives the economy; and so on. Human society is thus crumbling slowly but sure!
The development and management of human resources at both the corporate
and national levels are equally faltered. And the customer has become a victim of exploitation and deceit. All this is designed to make the rich (capital owner) richer and the poor (human resources) poorer. Can this be true economic development?
**What Management Should Be Doing**
All of the problems of human society are caused largely by management. To reverse the situation thus calls for the re-invention of management at both the corporate and national levels.
Due to the power imbalance between management and human resources as well as the condescending nature of the former, the latter are not being fully engaged. Management is unable to create a market of ideas, creativity and innovation at the workplace, operating as if human resources only know one thing and that is all they can do to aid production. This has to change if organisations would produce at full capacity and wealth is to be more equitably distributed.
It is also important for management to humbly submit to the will of nature and approach the utilization of natural resources with awe and with responsibility. If that is done, not only will there be enough for everyone, but the environment will be preserved to serve posterity.
Management should also appreciate and respect more fully societal values and norms. It is not enough to provide educational facilities and other amenities for society and not concern the organization with its impact on what hold society together.
For example, should organisations continue to separate spouses and tear parents form their children for the sake of satisfying the shareholder’s value? Isn’t that course taken by management what is boomeranging at it in less quality human resources and crime in society?
What about the customer? Apart from providing quality goods and services to satisfy customer demands, management should not have it as its goal creating ‘needs’ for customers which are actually wants. While that might fill the shareholder’s pocket, what will be the effect on the environment? Is it feasibly sustainable?
**Reaping what Was Sown**
It is simply unnatural to sow corn and expect to reap cocoa; neither can a dog give birth to a lion. Nature thus teaches us that what we are rewarded with is what we give out. So that which management gives to nature, society, its human resources and customers is what is coming back at it and society at large by way of pollution, climate change, crime, corruption, low productivity and all.
Is this true development? I leave it to each one of us to answer honestly for himself/herself.
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**Categories:** Business
---
### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis–Part 9](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-9/)
**Published:** March 14, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
*“Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction and our ego satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever-increasing rate.”—Victor Lebow as quoted by William Rees.*
 **Fig.1.The Value Pyramid of Management (VPM)**
**Prologue**
It is an undeniable fact that economic development is a function of management. Without effective management, then, no economy can truly develop. In this fourth part (ninth in general) of examining economic development from the perspective of the Value Pyramid of Management (VPM) we turn attention to the impact of economic development on the customer.
Over the centuries, management has largely been shaped by the interests of the capital owner. Shareholder value maximization, therefore, has been the pursuit of management. This has often led to trampling other more important stakeholders in management.
The VPM which was propounded by this author seeks to correct the erroneous view that has been held over the years by management and that has significantly held back true development. It holds that, rather than the shareholder being at the top of the pyramid as the most critical and important stakeholder, his place is really at the bottom!
At the apex, we have nature, followed by society/humanity. Next is human resource which also precedes customer/supplier. Management is next and as mentioned earlier, the shareholder is at the bottom.
**The Customer**
All of us are customers since we all patronize the goods and services provided by another. And thanks to the evolution of money as legal tender for the payment of goods and services, the standard of living of various customers has greatly appreciated since that medium of exchange has made the production and distribution of a variety of goods and services for the customer possible.
However, customers are a very complex stakeholder in management. What satisfies one may not necessarily satisfy the other. And the parameters that affect this phenomenon are wide and varied; covering such variables as demography, climate, geographical location and the like.
Yet, since it is the customer that provides real demand for goods and services produced, his role becomes pivotal to the survival of any business and by extension any economy. Hence, businesses have devised clever ways of getting customers ‘need’ what is produced to stimulate economic growth and development. How has this stakeholder been affected by that device?
**Exploitation**
To put it mildly and in short, the customer has largely been a victim of exploitation by business. True, the basis of starting a business is to identify customer needs and design products and services to meet those needs. This would then give the impression that the customer’s well-being is the paramount concern of business (and that should be the case). But please take note of the objective; to satisfy customer *needs*, not wants. (With needs—we can’t live without them. But we can live without wants). Since the primary motive of business is profit, however, invariably, most businesses create these ‘needs’ which are actually wants and convince the customer to buy them, promising heaven on earth when indeed he could comfortably live without them.
This is in accord with the statement of Lebow quoted above which implies that for the economy to develop, people have to consume, no, not needs but wants! And the billion dollar advertising industry that has developed always seeks to advance just that. The consequence is the exploitation of the customer.
**Forms of Exploitation**
The exploitation of customers takes many forms. Usually, what is obvious to most of us is when customers are under-served or are short-changed. But there’s more:
***Mindless Puppets***
“Advertisers help us to answer needs we never knew we had.”(*The* *Guardian)* By means of psychology and craftiness, businesses seek to influence customers into desiring things they don’t really need. Then after a short while, they discard them and go in for ‘newer’ advertised ones. Many customers have thus become mindless puppets of businesses as their base instincts are appealed to.
This is even more evident in such industries as the electronic, automobile and fashion industries. As sociologist and economist Thorstein Veblen said regarding fashion, for example: *“It is true of dress in even a higher degree than of most other items of consumption, that people will undergo a very considerable degree of privation in the comforts or the necessaries of life in order to afford what is considered a decent amount of wasteful consumption; so that it is by no means an uncommon occurrence, in an inclement climate, for people to go ill clad in order to appear well dressed.”* (The Theory of the Leisure Class, 1899).
***False Self-worth***
As a corollary to the above, many have been led into a life of false self-worth or false consciousness. False self-worth because they value themselves based on such variables as where they live, the value of their estate, the kind of car they drive and the like—inanimate things that can’t add even just one second to one’s life-span! And they use such to determine friendships and their value.
The result is that many of us have lives that are hollow—hollow because we have no real spirituality, we hardly enjoy genuine and trusting relationships, and we don’t get to do work that we truly enjoy.
Talking of genuine relationships, in his book *Earth* *in* *the* *Balance,* former U.S. Vice President Al Gore asked the pertinent question: “If we have come to see the things we use as disposable, have we similarly transformed the way we think about our fellow human beings? . . . Have we, in the process, lost an appreciation for the uniqueness of each one?”
To compensate for that hollowness, many have resorted to promiscuity, excessive enjoyment, drug and alcohol abuse, sadism, suicide and the like—a life of anomie! Seeking to find pleasure in those things, they rather sink deeper into an abyss of hopelessness!
The above description is clearly the kind of life that is found in so-called developed countries. And yet, ‘developing’ economies view them as a model to emulate. No wonder such traits are gradually engulfing these countries.
***Lower Quality of Health***
In a quest to acquire most or all that the commercial world promotes, many customers have to over-work themselves in order to make more money. And this has taken a toll on the health of many. How is that so?
Eating habits have deteriorated; some of us can’t even make the time to eat, let alone cook healthful meals. To satisfy that segment of the population, fast-food joints and restaurants have sprung up to provide us with junk foods and drinks that endanger our health. But we call it “a better living standard”!
Further, due to lack of adequate sleep which has now become a status symbol, many or most of us are stressed-out and have developed attendant ailments that are life-threatening.
To ‘ameliorate’ these health challenges, ‘development’ comes up with more ‘effective’ medicines for us to take to improve our health. But is that really the case? How can an economy point to a high life expectancy for its citizenry due to ‘improved’ medical care as an indication of ‘development’ when people are actually living on medicines? Is a life on medicines that results from work-stress and pollution—effects of economic ‘development’—really quality health and quality life? Or it’s another charade to deceive the customer?
***Poor Family Life***
Customers have been made to think that a successful family life depends on the supermarket. Hence, once again, through clever advertising, we are made to think that filling our homes with all those electronic gadgets and nice furniture and changing them often would make the home happy. And indulging spouses and children in fashion, jewelry and expensive vacations would bring family happiness.
ranted, those are nice things to have and enjoy. But do they really enrich family life? If they did, why the high rates of divorce and broken homes in ‘developed’ countries? And as economies ‘develop’ these occurrences become more commonplace so much so they become ‘normal’!
No wonder the German newspaper *Süddeutsche* *Zeitung* argued*:* “Twice a year we buy new clothes, every four years a new car, and every ten years a new living room suite; every year we look for a new vacation spot; we change homes, occupations, businesses—so why not our marriage mate?”
Isn’t this kind of reasoning a result of customer exploitation? Is that true development?
***Poor Education***
Economic development comes with poor education. This may sound absurd; but it is true. In customers’ pursuit of money to afford all the nice stuff for themselves and their family, they tend to have little or no time to socialize their children properly. Instead what they put in the minds of their children is “work hard at school to earn a good living in future”. The children in turn grow up making the earning of big money and acquisition of fine property their motive for pursuing education. The real value of education—that of adding value to oneself and making a difference in the life of others—takes less meaning and is lost. Hence, most of them study for high grades and not the acquisition and application of knowledge. This has contributed in a large way to dysfunctional education.
***Greed***
Above all is this bane on humanity—greed. This is at the root of all the woes of mankind. Yet it is the very tendency that economic development promotes in businesses; and then these businesses in turn promote it in customers.
Making customers think that an inexorable consumption is what leads to quality life, many have greedily gone after things they don’t even need. The results are garbage, pollution, social vices and other negative phenomena overwhelming the world.
No doubt, the customer has become a toy in the hands of commercial interests for exploitation. And all this is in the name of the maximization of shareholder interests and economic development. Is this what true development is? Is this what the world is pursuing? Where are we headed?
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis–Part 8](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-8/)
**Published:** March 11, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
**Prologue**
It is an undeniable fact that economic development is a function of management. Without effective management, then, no economy can truly develop. In this third part of the series, we continue our examination of economic development from the perspective of the Value Pyramid of Management (VPM).
Over the centuries, management has largely been shaped by the interests of the capital owner. Shareholder value maximization, therefore, has been the pursuit of management. This has often led to trampling other more important stakeholders in management.
The VPM which was propounded by this author seeks to correct the erroneous view that has been held over the years by management and that has significantly held back true development. It holds that, rather than the shareholder being at the top of the pyramid as the most critical and important stakeholder, his place is really at the bottom!
At the apex, we have nature, followed by society/humanity. Next are human resources which also precede customers/suppliers. Management is next and as mentioned earlier, the shareholder is at the bottom.
 **Fig.1.The Value Pyramid of Management (VPM)**
**Human Resources**
As in the case of management in an organisation, an economy’s greatest resource is their human resources or people. But did ‘developed’ economies on the road to development really recognize this fact? And are ‘developing’ economies appreciating it? Let’s find the answers to those questions using the following parameters: The family, the youth, education and leadership.
**The Family**
The state of the family, the source of human resources, is the first most important indicator of the nature of the economic development of a nation; whether it is true or false. In true economic development, nothing is allowed to interfere with what is called the basic unit of society, and by extension, the basic economic unit. It is treated as sacrosanct. Yet, in most economies, especially the ‘developed’ ones, this institution is the most battered!
In some of the previous parts in this series (parts IV and VII), we discussed quite extensively this phenomenon, so I won’t say much for now. But suffice to say the family has been torn apart in the name of development and ‘making ends meet’. Without a good home and proper education how can an economy expect to have human resources that can really deliver the goods and sustain it?
**The Youth**
The youth constitute what society calls the ‘future leaders’. Yet, how much attention is given to these on the road to economic development? How much direction is given them? As stated earlier, the family is the most battered of society’s institutions. And this has no wonder adversely affected the youth as well.
As we grow, we have many questions about the wild world we find ourselves in; we need explanations; we need guidance. Who provides these? How many parents do so any longer when most of them are clueless themselves? And government—what help does it provide? Almost nothing!
As society continues to ruin the youth in the name of economic development can it claim innocence from liability and the consequences therefrom? Certainly not! No amount of material goods can give hope to the youth.
But since that is the pursuit of false economic development, the future holds nothing meaningful for the disillusioned youth. And if that is the state of the ‘future leaders’, you can only imagine where the world is headed!
**Education**
Most of our human resources no longer receive quality informal education. And at the national level, formal education is more of brainwashing than enlightenment. The direction in which policy makers want to take the economy, as they call their vision, is what determines the content of formal education.
While that in itself is not wrong, due to the limited knowledge and understanding of the future by leaders, this kind of education has often produced human resources that are skewed in their way of thinking. Some would quickly argue that this is the case in ‘developing’ countries only. But no, it is the case in so-called ‘developed’ countries as well.
For example, students are taught distorted history. And villains of history are projected as heroes. This was aptly couched by Peter Tosh in his track “You Cant Blame the Youth”: “You teach the youths about Christopher Columbus and you said he was a very great man. You teach the youth about Marco Polo and you said he was a very great man. You teach the youths about the pirate Hawkins and you said he was a very great man. You teach the youths about Pirate Morgan and you said he was a very great man”.
As an instance, when his flagship *Santa* *María* went aground on a sandbank after he had ‘discovered’ a large mountainous island near Cuba that he named *La* *Isla* *Española* (Hispaniola) and could not be refloated, it took the natives to help the crew of Columbus to salvage everything possible. Here was his own testament about the natives: “They love their neighbors as themselves, and they have the softest and gentlest voices in the world and are always smiling,”
Yet, what was Columbus’s motive? He had ominously and brutally observed in his log earlier: “These people are very unskilled in arms. . . . With 50 men you could subject everyone and make them do what you wished.….I have great hope in Our Lord that Your Highnesses will convert all of them to Christianity and they will all belong to you.” And so he did on his second voyage!
Through genocide, rape, slavery, colonization and other forms of atrocity, Columbus decimated these peace-loving, humble people he later called ‘cannibals’!
So if villains like this are what the children are taught in school as ‘victors’ should society blame them if they turn out to be what they learned in the name of ‘development—cruelty, deception, manipulation and moral bankruptcy? And how can an economy really develop if its human resources have and display such traits?
**Leadership**
Who is providing leadership for the youths in ‘developing’ and ‘developed’ economies? What effect is this kind of leadership having on the human resources for today and tomorrow?
In politics, there’s widespread corruption and immorality. If the children look up to these highly respected leaders in society what do they learn from them as role models?
We find the same kind of situation in the business world. Couple this with the failed leadership by parents, religious leaders and teachers what do we expect our human resources to be?
**Quick-fixes**
The pursuit of power, prestige, fame and wealth is what society promotes as leading to development. So the youth chase after these things. Motivated by Darwinian Economics, when they start working selfishness is at the heart of their motives—how to acquire those ‘desirable’ things. The result is stifled creativity, dishonesty, gruffness and the like. Do these augur well for productivity? Certainly not!
In an attempt to provide quality human resources for their economies, leaders throughout the world have often gone for quick fixes. As ad-hoc as these measures are, nothing is solved! The reason is that the foundation is not being checked.
When society comes to the realization that the pursuit of power, wealth, prestige and fame—its foundation—is what has caused all the problems of mankind, that is when it will begin to re-lay it. The right foundation for true economic development is built on love, respect, humility, honesty, contentedness, altruism and the like—qualities that are ridiculed in the Darwinian economy. And if that foundation becomes what determines the purpose of education and work, quality human resources will emerge, productivity will increase and social well-being will be better. Until then, we might as well forget about improved human resources. But who is bold enough to start that revolution?
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis--Part 7](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-7/)
**Published:** March 3, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
*“A people that values privileges above its principles soon loses both.”—Dwight D. Eisenhower, 34th President of the United States*.
It is a cliché in management that business does not operate in a vacuum. For that reason, business has to put back what it takes out of society. This is the mantra of corporate social responsibility (CSR). How far-reaching is this statement in economic development?
Usually, in the quest for economic development, managers of the economy and their partners in corporate management tend to forget about the most important things that hold society together, especially, societal values. Their focus is rather entirely on meeting material needs. In the process, social values are destroyed. And which CSR programme can restore it?
Values– the “principles or standards of behaviour” in society utterly lose their value as economies ‘develop’. (Concise Oxford Dictionary) For example, the natural principle of altruism gives way to the ‘me first’ and ‘each one for himself, God for us all’ attitude. Mutual enforcement of good behaviour is replaced with ‘Judge no one. Nothing’s wrong and nothing’s right”, and the like—all in the name of ‘civilization’ or ‘development’, largely promoted by democracy (or rather is it ‘democrazy’? After all, ‘demos’ means people and since crazy things are done by people under that system isn’t the rendition apt?)
In much of the ‘developed’ world, if not all, society is in despair. Parents are lost as to how to raise their children; governments are frustrated with the fight against drugs, child delinquency and crimes; religious leaders, in helpless quandary, no longer see their beliefs as relevant in the present dispensation hence they tend to reform or misinterpret them to suit the doldrums society is sinking into; the educational system is not able to produce principled, resourceful citizens; economic disaster is staring at policy-makers and citizens alike; the family has virtually crumbled.
‘Developing’ economies are not left out of the loop. Following Western hegemony, their societies are also facing these same grim circumstances with ominous prospects ahead. How has all this come about?
 **Fig.1.The Value Pyramid of Management (VPM)**
**The Over-emphasis on Figures**
In the societies of today, virtues such as morality, respectfulness, loyalty and the like are virtually obsolete. One’s value in society depends on his/her pay cheque, bank balance, where he lives and what he drives. To a large extent, these have been and are promoted by economic planners and corporate leaders alike.
In evaluating a country’s level of development, it is only figures that matter. Good societal values and neighbourliness are hardly considered, if ever! Thus while the per capita income increases, the gap between neighbours increase exponentially; parents spend less time with their children as daycare centres/crèches keep springing up; and values are replaced with ‘alternative lifestyles’. Yet, such countries are said to have quality life provided the GDP is high!
On the other hand, corporate organizations pride themselves with their balance sheet and asset base. But who cares about the impact of work on the family, on morality and on respect for the elderly? In fact, it is some corporate organizations that perpetuate such crimes as prostitution by offering sex-workers (as they prefer to be referred to in ‘democrazy’) as ‘escorts’ for their officials when on business treks!
Also, through their business activities and advertisements, some of these large organisations teach society that arrogance, greed and deception are desirable qualities for ‘success’. Hence, such attitudes have become widespread.
Seeking to develop, three main values thus hold sway: wealth, prestige and power. And as people scramble for these blindly, they leave in their trail immorality, dishonesty, crime, heartaches, child delinquency, strained relationships, inordinate pride, and many other negative consequences.
**Grave Consequences**
All that is happening in ‘developed’ economies, which ‘developing’ economies are copying is simply the proverbial “digging a hole to fill another hole”. And so nothing is being solved; absolutely nothing! It is all a charade! In order to fill the previous hole, the present one is dug even deeper; and the next one, mega deeper and it goes on and on. No wonder society’s problems rather become graver instead of being resolved. We simply don’t deal with the real issues.
The youth have now become more enlightened and aggressive than ever before. They are edgy and daring. We now have children as young as age 13 years engaging in armed robbery! “Where has the world come to?” you might ask. But ask first “Who caused it?” It is the political system; it is religion, it is faulty economic foundations and selfish business practices; it is lax marital commitment and parenting, it is dysfunctional educational systems—in short blame the world’s clueless leaders and managers, not the youth!
All the fanciful ideals that have been promoted over the centuries have now become ripe; the chickens have come home to roost. Should we be shocked? Is it too late to change the situation? Who is capable of leading the world to do so?
The economy needs the youth as its most important human resource to develop. Which ‘developed’ or ‘developing’ country has leaders who implant good social values in the youth? Haven’t our educational systems even ‘killed’ God, even with the connivance of some religious leaders that claim to teach God? So where would the leaders and managers find credible direction for themselves first and then to impart to the youth? Should we then be surprised that finding quality human resources has become an insurmountable mountain?
People go to school now, no, not because they want to help society, but to make money. And education counselors do not mince words in promoting such faulty reasoning. We go on the job not because we want to help transform the business of our employer, no, but for selfish reasons. We set up businesses not because we want to help solve some problems in society, but for purposes of self-aggrandizement.
What the 34th President of the United States of AmericaDwight D. Eisenhower said as quoted at the outset has now engulfed the whole world: The managers and peoples of the world, motivated by economic development, have pursued privileges instead of principles. The result is that human society has lost both; we have lost our privileges as we see our ailing world economy crumbling, and lost our principles as society continues its speedy and steep descent into a state of no moral bearing.
How management has failed to meet human needs! Indeed, it is true that “This is all that I have learned: God made us plain and simple, but we have made ourselves very complicated.” (Ecclesiastes 7:29 (Good News Bible). We reap the fruits!
**Suggested Solutions**
**Redefining Corporate Social Responsibility:** Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) must extend beyond philanthropy and environmental sustainability to encompass the preservation of societal values. Companies should integrate ethical business practices, promote family-friendly work policies, and support community development beyond financial gains. Organizations should adopt value-based leadership, ensuring that corporate culture upholds honesty, integrity, and real social responsibility.
**Educational Reform for Values and Purpose-Driven Learning:** Schools should reintroduce moral education alongside academic and technical skills. Curricula should emphasize integrity, service, and community contribution, rather than financial success alone. Career counseling should focus on helping students identify their purpose and societal contributions, rather than merely encouraging lucrative career choices.
**Strengthening Family and Community Values:** Work-life balance policies should be encouraged to ensure that parents spend quality time raising children with strong ethical values. Community-driven initiatives should be revived to promote collective responsibility, mentorship, and youth engagement in constructive societal activities.
**Media and Cultural Reorientation:** The media should take responsibility for shaping positive social norms by promoting content that reinforces respect, integrity, and selflessness. Entertainment industries should create content that uplifts rather than degrades moral values, counteracting the trend of glorifying materialism and reckless behavior.
**Re-evaluating Development Metrics:** Instead of solely focusing on GDP and per capita income, nations should adopt alternative measures such as the Human Development Index (HDI) and Happiness Index, which consider quality of life, ethical business practices, and community welfare.
***The relentless pursuit of economic growth and corporate profits has led to the erosion of societal values, prioritizing material gain over human well-being. To address this pressing concern, a fundamental shift in focus is necessary, one that balances economic growth with the preservation and promotion of strong social values.***
**Reforming Business and Economic Practices:** Businesses should promote ethical consumerism, ensuring that the pursuit of profit does not exploit vulnerable populations or degrade societal values. Organizations should invest in employee well-being, offering fair wages, ethical work environments, and growth opportunities that align with societal progress.
**A Collective Reawakening**
To address the issues outlined, a collective reawakening is necessary – a shift in mindset at all levels of society. Governments, businesses, educators, religious leaders, and individuals must recognize that true development is not just economic but moral and ethical as well. By restoring social values, promoting ethical leadership, and fostering a sense of responsibility, we can create a society where development is both sustainable and meaningful – one that meets human needs without compromising integrity and collective well-being.
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis Part 6](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-6/)
**Published:** March 1, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
It is an undeniable fact that economic development is a function of management. Without effective management, then, no economy can truly develop. Starting with this article, therefore, we will be examining economic development from the second perspective as I stated in the first part of the series; that of the Value Pyramid of Management (VPM).
**What is the VPM?**
Over the centuries, management has largely been shaped by the interests of the capital owner. Shareholder value maximization, therefore, has been the pursuit of management. This has often led to trampling other more important stakeholders in management.
The VPM which was propounded by this author seeks to correct the erroneous view that has been held over the years by management and has significantly held back true development. It holds that, rather than the shareholder being at the top of the pyramid as the most critical and important stakeholder, his place is really at the bottom!
At the apex, we have nature, followed by society/humanity. Next are human resources which also precede customers/suppliers. Management is next and as mentioned earlier, the shareholder is at the bottom.
This is not meant to play down the importance of the shareholder in any sense. It is simply a holistic view of the relative roles and importance of the six stakeholders of management.
Using this perspective, we want to see how true economic development can come about. But before drawing that conclusion, we need to appreciate what economic development, as is known today, has done to these stakeholders due to setting faulty priorities. We begin with the first most critical stakeholder—Nature.
**Nature**
The physical universe is truly awesome. Thanks to scientific advancement, we are able to take a peek at what it is like. Currently, the exploration of the planet Mars otherwise known as the red planet is ongoing, hoping that life will be found there.
There’s no doubt that such explorations add to our knowledge and understanding of the universe. However, finding life elsewhere is simply a futile effort. Throughout the universe with its hundreds of millions of galaxies, (which scientific experiment suggests is still expanding) life can be found only on the planet called earth!
Is it not humbling that humans are self-sufficient on earth? All the material things that we really need to survive, and the physical things that add to our enjoyment of life are all derived, no, not from some distant planet or star, but from materials taken right from this earth!
Given this truth, how should we be treating the earth or nature? When we build our beautiful homes and furnish them very well, we make sure that we protect the house itself through proper maintenance. Also, we ensure that the house is constantly cleaned and as much as possible grime from outside does not get into our living rooms and bedrooms. But what about the earth; what have we done to our own home where we live?
Thankfully, the earth has its own mechanisms for recuperation. Thus to a very large extent, if only we can make ourselves good tenants of this earth and use it with its resources wisely and without greed, there would be no need to worry about upsetting its delicate environment. But unfortunately, we are ruining the earth as a result of greed.
###### In an article titled *Consumerism is ‘eating the future’* in the New Scientist, Andy Coghlan made this poignant observation: “More specifically, all we’re doing is what all other creatures have ever done to survive, expanding into whatever territory is available and using up whatever resources are available, just like a bacterial culture growing in a Petri dish till all the nutrients are used up.
###### “What happens then, of course, is that the bugs then die in a sea of their own waste….But there’s worse. Not only are we simply doing what all creatures do: we’re doing it better. In recent times we’re doing it even faster because of changes in society that encourage and celebrate conspicuous and excessive consumption”. Is that true development? Let’s delve further into how economic development has negatively impacted nature.
**Greed**
As I stated in the third part of this series, the problem of economics is not scarcity, it is greed. That base instinct that is in all of us can take control of our lives if not curtailed.
In a world of uncertainties and fear of the future, many have sought security in amassing wealth greedily. True, it is not wrong if one works hard and smart and out of it is able to afford a number of material goods to make his life more comfortable and secure his future. What is wrong is when one makes that his/her primary aim.
Even though greed has always been with humanity, it has especially become rife in our time. Here is one of the reasons:
William Rees of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada has been quoted in the article referred to earlier by Coghlan as saying: “After the second world war, American economists and the government of the day decided to revive economic activity by creating a culture in which people were encouraged to accumulate and show off material wealth, to the point where it defined their status in society and their self-image”.
One of such economists was Victor Lebow who Rees quoted as saying in 1955: “Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction and our ego satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever-increasing rate”.
Isn’t this what is exactly taking place? With most of the ‘developing’ world looking up to the American life-style as the ‘real’ life can we appreciate why greed has escalated throughout the globe? And oh, by the way, has it led to true economic development? The present state of the world economy, including America’s, attests to the faulty foundation for economic development that was laid! The earth rather suffers as a result with big corporations backed by governments greedily exploiting earth’s resources!
Andy Coghlan cited Rees and epidemiologist Warren Hern of the University of Colorado at Boulder, as saying that humans, despite considering themselves civilized thinkers, are “subconsciously still driven by an impulse for survival, domination and expansion… an impulse which now finds expression in the idea that inexorable economic growth is the answer to everything, and, given time, will redress all the world’s existing inequalities.”
He further quoted Rees as saying “We’re still driven by growing and expanding, so we will use up all the oil, we will use up all the coal, and we will keep going till we fill the Petri dish and pollute ourselves out of existence.”
**Gross Immorality**
Greed necessarily leads to immorality. When we talk of immorality, our minds naturally go to illicit sex. Sure, greed is at the heart of such a behavior. And no wonder illicit sex rates rise as economies ‘develop’. With the attendant psychological effects that can lead to low self-worth and also deadly venereal diseases, can’t we conclude that the nature of man is being destroyed in the name of economic development?
However, quite apart from that, immorality is also featured when businesspeople swindle one another and large corporations churn out products that are harmful to the environment and life onto the market with the connivance of some corrupt officials and journalists who pass those products as safe!
Immorality is also at play when professionals who are supposed to help the economy rather rape it greedily in the fashion of Wall Street scandals, driving millions into poverty and despair while they bask in their ill-gotten wealth and take further advantage of government bail-outs!
Such immorality is further evident in the plundering of earth’s resources as mentioned earlier. A morally upright person would not take environmental issues lightly. Indeed, business owners whose activities harm the environment are more culpable than hardened criminals such as serial killers and armed-robbers! Yet, these are the very ones who are respected in the economy as its movers and shakers, walking about free and luxuriously whereas their activities not only endanger the lives of billions today, but of posterity as well! So much for economic development!
**Unbridled Competition**
Greed is once again at the heart of the tendency to compete. Yet, artfully, this has been promoted in economics as a saintly quality! But truth is, it is to a large extent to blame for the destruction of the earth.
Spurned on by the theory of evolution, in the name of developing their economies, countries deplete their own resources and then compete among themselves, scrambling for what they term ‘scarce resources’ available in other countries.
According to Coghlan, “Rees cited latest figures, taken from the WWF’s study Living Planet Report 2008, showing that, globally, we’re already in “overshoot”, consuming 30 per cent more material than is sustainable from the world’s resources. At present, 85 countries exceed their domestic “bio-capacities”, compensating for their lack of local material by depleting stocks elsewhere, in countries that have “surpluses” because they’re not consuming as much.
“Perhaps not surprisingly, given the encouragement from Lebow, North Americans are the most consumptive, eating resources equivalent to 9.2 global average hectares per capita.
The world can only supply 2.1 global average hectares per person. So already, Americans are consuming four times what the Earth can sustainably supply.”
He further stated that “The worrying thing is that if everyone on Earth adopted American lifestyles overnight, we would need four extra worlds to supply their needs” Is this the kind of development the ‘developing’ world wants to emulate? Is that a reason why life is being searched for elsewhere on other planets? Is that true economic development?
**Garbage**
Garbage is now one of the results of economic ‘development’. Cities are struggling to handle it. Throw in e- and nuclear wastes and you’ll appreciate the dire state of humanity and nature!
As one source puts it, taking the waste generated in the United States alone, “an equivalent weight of water could fill 68,000 Olympic-size pools.” Another one says “Some years ago, it was estimated that the residents of New York City alone produced enough garbage each year to bury the city’s huge Central Park under 13 feet \[4 m\] of refuse! (The park covers an area of 843 acres \[341 ha\], or about 6 percent of the surface area of the borough of Manhattan)”.
The British newspaper *The* *Guardian* puts it succinctly: “Advertisers help us to answer needs we never knew we had.” If we are thus convinced of such needs and we fill them but realize later that ‘new’ ones have come, where ‘new’ means development, ‘modern’, ‘better’ and superior’, what do we end up doing? Throw away! Now nature is suffering!
According to the same source quoted earlier, “An Italian environmental association estimates that a glass bottle thrown into the sea will take 1,000 years to decompose. In contrast, paper tissues will decompose in only three months. A cigarette butt pollutes the sea for up to 5 years; plastic bags, 10 to 20 years; nylon articles, 30 to 40 years; cans, 500 years; and polystyrene, 1,000 years.” Greed, competition, consumerism are all the cause of this situation. And they call it economic development?
Bad economic management is at the core of all of these problems. If nature were considered first as the most important stakeholder in economic development, managing the world economy wouldn’t have taken this turn to ruination. In the next article we shall consider the next stakeholder, Society/Humanity.
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis-Part 5](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-4-2/)
**Published:** February 24, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In the first part of the series, I said that “To enable us further examine the health of economic development as advanced by the West and pursued by the rest of the world, we will look at it from two perspectives: Sociologically and managerially.”
This part is the last of the sociological analysis; having examined the four main institutions of society, namely: political, religious, economic and marital/family. This part will consider the educational institution.
**Socialization**
Being able to properly function in society is very important for any human. This includes observing societal and cultural norms and practices as well as becoming a responsible citizen. Education plays a very critical role in this.
Informal education takes place outside the formal classroom. The agents that help in this are parents, siblings (if there are), extended family, peers and the community at large. But the most crucial agent is the parents or the immediate family, referred to as primary socializing agents.
Right from conception, a child develops a strong bond with its parents, but especially with the mother. After birth these parents have a profound effect on the child’s moulding; socially, psychologically and even economically.
The socializing function contributes immensely to the development of the child. Thus if at this stage the socializing effort is faulty, that child will invariably grow up socially imbalanced. On the other hand if properly handled, the later well-groomed adult becomes an invaluable asset to society. How has economic development affected this socializing function, otherwise known as informal education? And how has it in turn impacted economic development?
“This is all that I have learned: God made us plain and simple, but we have made ourselves very complicated.”—Ecclesiastes 7:29 (Good News Bible)
In what is today referred to as ‘primitive’ society or simple society, life was really simple. The family unit was generally close-knit and was in itself an economic unit. This is because the whole family worked to produce their own food, shelter and clothing. As time went on, man sought more complication in his life. Especially did the industrial revolution affect this evolution.
Spurred on by the desire for a ‘better’ standard of living, parents, especially fathers begun leaving home for the cities in search of high-paying jobs. Up to date, this trend has continued with some even leaving their home country altogether in search of greener pastures. In some cases both parents leave, especially in ‘developing’ countries, trusting the care of their children in the hands of relatives, friends or neighbours.
This phenomenon has often led to abusive treatment of children with socialization becoming punitive. Often, such children grow up without parental love and care and so are socially imbalanced. When eventually they grow up to have families of their own, carrying out their respective responsibilities and getting along often become problematic.
The story is not different with many in ‘developed’ economies who work full-time. These usually have little or no quality time to spend with their children. In the name of ‘improving’ their economic lot for the ‘benefit’ of their children in present and in future, the children virtually grow without guidance. This has led to many family break-downs with many of those children becoming miscreants.
Certainly, informal education has come under the threat of extinction through economic ‘development’! Conversely, both rich and poor countries are struggling with having the right caliber of adults to continue with the ‘developmental’ efforts due to dysfunctional informal education!
**Formal Education**
This type of education also known as classroom education has seen a lot of improvements over the years. Through formal education, many have been equipped with information and knowledge that are meant to help them solve problems and face challenges in both personal life and career effectively. But to what extent has that succeeded?
Basically, education has also become more complex in light of the complexities of the world. The pathetic thing though is that it is no longer able to match up to the real complexities in the real world.
Education has succeeded in filling people’s mind with information. And in some instances, it has achieved, to some degree, the development of the analytical skills of students. However, that is the farthest it can go. It has not been able to instill the right values in people.
Honesty, for example, is a very important quality of a truly developed people. This honesty does not play out in just a few instances where it is convenient, but even when it is not. What formal education has done though is largely “graduating thieves and murderers”.—*Bob Marley (In Babylon System)*
What else should we expect if students are taught that life evolved and that life is about the survival of the fittest? Is it not that people would steal and kill for the things that make for ‘development’? Even if they don’t do so literally, they do it figuratively. If the causes of the global financial crisis in our recent past are anything to go by, hasn’t Bob Marley been proved right?
A cursory look at the world scene would tell any thinking person that if we could have just 10% of the world’s over 8 billion people to be honest, this world would be several folds better than it is today! Unfortunately, though, the educational system has failed to groom such people. The result? Widespread corruption in government, religion, the family, the economy and of course, education itself! Is there any hope for true development?
In simple societies, altruism was very integral to life. People cared for one another and everyone shared everybody’s problems and joys. As society progresses in the continuum of ‘development’, that quality has been shed. People have become more individualistic and anonymous. Once again, education has not been able to solve this problem.
We would expect that since formal education brings people of diverse backgrounds together, its beneficiaries would learn the social skills of interdependence and interaction. What we see though is that invariably, these are the condescending class that look down on those whose monies were taxed to educate them! They would rather form a nucleus of their lot and project themselves as mini tin gods, living aloof from the problems affecting the lives of the underprivileged! Hasn’t formal education failed miserably in this regard also?
**The Reality**
Formal education is meant to help solve the problems facing society and to help society develop. But have the problems been solved? Don’t we have the problems of the pre-industrial age still with us? Well, some may point to certain ‘improvements’. IMPROVEMENTS? I thought eliminating the problems should be what to look for! So if the age-old problems are not only still present with us but have really worsened, what has education achieved? To smoke-screen the real issues, isn’t that so?
Take a look at the political system. Ever since modern democracy begun, politicians have capitalized on the ‘inefficiencies’ of their predecessors or fellow contestants to win power by promising heaven on earth. And the tactic does not seem to have changed much, both in ‘developing’ and ‘developed’ economies and democracies. They are all set in their ways. They call them issues; what issues? The actual ones? Hardly! You don’t even see creativity in their campaign. So what would you expect them to deliver? Governments in both ‘developing’ and ‘developed’ economies have only often given their people hopes that they hardly see fulfilled!
Finally, economies are built by businesses. These businesses in turn require quality and adequate human resources to reach their goal. The educational system is tasked with producing such resources to propel economic growth. Has it succeeded?
While to some extent it has, on a scale of 0 to 10 how would you rate the performance of the world educational system in this wise? I would charitably place it at 3. Likely you may even rate it less. Why this conclusion?
If the human resources produced over the years were really of good quality, wouldn’t there be more businesses with employment avenues for the youth for instance? Granted, the issues are not as simple. But education as we know shapes the other institutions. If that system really lived up to expectation, output would be better. Businesses would be run more efficiently and effectively. Mediocrity in business would be uprooted. And the economic stress wouldn’t be as much.
True, the five institutions of society we’ve discussed so far have given the semblance of stability to ‘developed’ society. And that is what ‘developing economies’ are aiming to achieve. However, the facts; the reality shows that all have under-performed woefully. And that is mainly because they have sought to make themselves more complex. A truly developed economy would be less complex and happier.
We’re not done yet with finding what true economic development should be. Economic development is a function of management. Looking at it from the perspective of the Value Pyramid of Management how has it faired? The sixth part in the series will begin that analysis. Please don’t miss it on Wednesday.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Is the Engine of Africa's Economic Growth Really Running? (1) --An Introspective Analysis](https://nubianbiz.com/is-the-engine-of-africas-economic-growth-really-running-1-an-introspective-analysis/)
**Published:** December 21, 2022
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
“An engine (or motor) is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion”—Wikipedia. Hence, as the engine of economic growth, the private sector should convert creativity and innovation (energy) into motion (growth, development). Yet is that the case of the private sector in Africa? If it is, how can we improve it (mind you, there is always more room for improvement in any situation)? If not, what can we do to make it such?
The literature is replete with what government should and should not be doing in positioning the private sector as the engine of growth of the economy. Thus I do not intend to focus on that. We all appreciate that the political environment is very crucial to business for it can either positively or negatively affect it. However, I want for us to place emphasis, this time around, on what you and I should be doing—irrespective of government’s actions or inactions—for our respective businesses to flourish.
**The Engine**
Going by the definition of an engine above, I would like to use a car engine—due to my proclivity to cars—as the basis of my analogy:
Car engines range from 1-cylinder engines to 12. The number of cylinders a car has, the number of valves on each cylinder, plus the amount of fuel each cylinder displaces determine the torque. The amount of torque thus produced determines the speed of the car and the distance it is capable of covering within a given time.
In the light of the foregoing, we need to know how many cylinders has the African private sector and at what speed it is driving the economy.
By private sector, I mean all income-generating activities aimed at a profit that take place apart from government. These range from micro businesses such as the table-top tomato, ‘koobi’, pepper and onion seller; small businesses that employ less than 100 people; medium-sized and large enterprises that employ upwards of 100 and 500 respectively.
Personally, to be charitable, I believe the private sector in Africa is blasting on only 2 cylinders, even though the engine is a V12. And this, in spite of the fact that the private sector in Africa (formal and informal) employs about 90% of the total workforce. The reason? Majority of those in the private sector are either self-employed or running businesses that employ less than 5 people (micro).
So then, what are the challenges? And having identified them, what can we do to make the private sector more viable to really live up to its role as the engine of economic growth?
**The Challenges**
I would categorise the challenges into the following: cultural, leadership, management style/model, educational, succession, human resource/capital, adoption of IT, banking and strategy.
They say charity begins at home. If that is true, then the way we are socialized has a bearing on the private sector and the way we run our business. I can identify a couple of such cultural factors for now. The first is over-dependency:
Traditionally, we have been molded to look up to leadership for direction. Certainly, for any society or organization to function properly, there should be good leadership. And those being led do well to submit to authority and direction. However, when we are overly dependent on our leaders to the extent that we are resigned to despondency and are incapacitated, then there is a big problem. We often blame our fathers, mothers, uncles and others for not taking us to the best schools, sponsoring us to travel abroad (as if one can only make it abroad) and so forth. The list is endless. And the same goes for the way we perceive government. Thus whenever we feel that those we look up to are “not living up” to our expectation, we just as it were, place our hands between our shanks and whimper and lament! Sadly, this translates to the way we do business.
We expect government to provide a near-to-perfect environment for us to do business. Hence, we do not have a nudge when we sit on radio or call into radio programmes lambasting politicians, past and present, for hours every morning for whatever they did wrong for which reason the economies of our respective countries are in the present state. Yet those same radio stations hypocritically charge prohibitive advertising bills that send shockwaves through many a micro-to-small businessperson’s spine, thus preventing most from affording advertisement. If only we braced up ourselves for action, look into ourselves and used that resource called “time” better! In that case, we would be concentrating on making the best out of whatever situation we find ourselves in, irrespective of government’s demeanour or misdemeanour.
Second, you see, they say “Necessity is the mother of invention”. I always say that Africans in general are “spoilt” (pampered kids). We have so many resources such that we do not seek to think hard about survival—we have arrived and settled. Let me illustrate it this way:
Culturally, our fore-fathers married several women and created cities out of their wives. One’s wealth was judged according to, among others, the number of wives and children he had. He used these as labour on a fertile land that he did not have to suffer to cultivate. From the farm he came home and sat down in his lazy chair with a pot of fresh palm wine beside him while his wives cooked. After dinner, he organized the children around the fire and told them stories. In such a “satisfied and settled” condition, how would the composite African feel the urge to create, innovate and produce more? On Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy, where is he? At best, he is at level three—Love/belonging, Period! He goes no further!
Let us translate this to business. To explain this better, let me share an experience I had about 20 years ago during one of my sales efforts that shocked me to the core:
I called on this entertainment centre proprietor to explain to him how having a Web site could help his business grow. To my chagrin, this man responded:” Oh my son, don’t worry ok? I don’t intend this business to expand. I’m a pensioner, you see, and I need just something little to get-by.” Can you believe this? Yet, that is how many of us run our businesses in Africa. Although we may not have said the above personally, we imply it. We get to stage three up the Maslow pyramid and we are satisfied; sometimes even deluding ourselves into believing that we have arrived at the Self Actualisation stage.
With this level of motivation, then, how can the private sector really propel the economy to grow? Before we begin to point fingers at the politicians—past and present—we do well to scrutinize ourselves first by asking “How have I utilized the opportunities I had, and how am I using the opportunities I have right now?” If we look for opportunities, our businesses will grow. But if we are skeptical, the private sector will either remain where it is now or even slow down to a single cylinder, even though we have the potential of blasting on eight our even all 12 cylinders!
Third, the religious world-view of most Africans is yet another set-back to the growth of the private sector. Are you surprised? Many or maybe most Africans wrongly believe that God blesses the faithful with material wealth. As a result, they spend an inordinate amount of time at church and prayer camps, asking God to bless their businesses when they should have been doing something practical.
Another is that God has already pre-destined everyone on earth. If that is true, then why would one have to work hard since it does not count? The result? Some have resigned themselves to virtually begging, hoping that “my day will come one day”.
In a society with such beliefs, how would those people challenge themselves to achieve something worthwhile; whether as employees or entrepreneurs? Such beliefs tend to cripple initiative, innovation and creativity. And if as business-owners we have such a world-view or have people who think that way as our employees, clients or suppliers….hmmm!
I am not sure if I can equally lay this blame at the door-step of culture, but we are not creative and innovative enough in Africa, another reason why the private sector is in this shape. We all concentrate on just a few business ideas that have seemingly succeeded—, import/export, credit transfer, mobile money and the like. When we are able to develop more innovative products and services we will realize a tremendous growth in the private sector. There are, indeed, a plethora of opportunities in Africa; we only have to sharpen our sight.
**The Solutions**
The problem of the world is good leadership. Bringing that further home, the problems of the private sector is the problem of leadership. We have always been taught to think of leadership in terms of charisma, vision and what have you? Great! Charisma is not bad in itself, for a charismatic leader can move people to do what they ordinarily would not dream of accomplishing. Vision is also good. For without a visionary leader, how can an organization find its way?
However, what we sometimes forget is that one may be charismatic and visionary but not the “repository of wisdom”. If we continue with that mind-set that leaders are “all-wise” and yet, all our business leaders can do is satisfy themselves with attaining to “love and belonging” on the Maslow motivational hierarchy, we will get no where. True business leaders should bring all on board in the decision-making process and move away from creating a shrine of themselves. In the knowledge-based world of the 21st Century, the employee is unlike his/her 19th-20th Century counterpart who had to wait on the leader for absolute direction. Good leadership today involves discerning when to allow others to lead, when to join in leading and when to lead, depending on the situation at hand. This way, micro, small and medium-sized entreprises (MSME) will become more flexible and result-oriented.
It is also important to look at our management style. One may be charismatic and visionary but not a good manager. There are many small and medium-sized enterprises (SME’s ) who have charismatic and visionary leaders but with poor managerial skills, especially in people management. It is, therefore, high time we de-coupled leaders from managers. What I mean is this: The entrepreneur should not necessarily be the managing director or chief executive officer. He can take the lead in developing the strategic blue-print for the organization and raise the needed capital to run the business. However, where he does not have what it takes to manage efficiently and effectively, he should humbly take the back-seat and allow others to handle that for him.
Another factor that impedes the effective running of the engine of growth is education. A driver who is well-instructed does well in driving efficiently and avoiding accidents as much as possible; call it defensive driving. And the converse would be disastrous or even fatal. However, can you imagine one instructing others to drive when he himself does not know how to drive? Well, that person may have access to and read the Highway Code and understand it very well. But when it comes to practical driving can he be effective? Yet, that is the way we run our business schools! Many of our teachers/lecturers, if not the majority, have never run a “pure water” business by the road-side of their own. Hence, irrespective of their experience in research and teaching they cannot give enough practical guidance that will enable budding and existing entrepreneurs to reach their self-actualisation stage on the Maslowan hierarchy.
To mitigate the above, there should develop a closer link or liaison between business schools and enterprises whereby some experienced entrepreneurs and managers are appointed as part-time lecturers to support the academic ones. We have had enough of the theory which we can always read in textbooks. The day-to-day application is simply not in the text books! We may have case-studies, for example. But who can better explain the human emotions and other dynamics that led to a certain result than the actor(s) himself?
That leads me to yet the next challenge: Human resource. Dear reader, this is a big problem faced by business owners today. Our educational systems are continually churning out a stream of unemployable graduates. Mind you, the problem is not the students but the curriculum! Well, I do not want to dwell so much on what should be. After all, you and I can only whine and cry about it. But now, given this situation what can we do as business owners?
Before I come back to that what do you think; should one be employed on the basis of what he/she studied in school or ability? This is an area that HR/HC has to carefully evaluate. Of course, there are some positions that require specialized knowledge, such as Accounting and Engineering. However, even within those specialized-skill areas, should appointment to a leadership or managerial position be based on a string of degrees or on competence? Of what use is a manager who earns a fat salary and bonuses because he has a chain of university degrees when practically, it is the diploma holder that does all the job?
Coming back to what we should be doing, expensive as it may be, MSME’s have to devote more money to training and development. However, this has to go hand-in-hand with re-orienting the workforce toward the strategic mission and vision statements of the organisation. It is certainly not an easy task. But given the right consultant it can be achieved.
However, those strategic mission and vision statements are included in the business plan. Yet there are several companies that do not have one. They only think of drawing one when a certain requirement, such as accessing a banking service, calls for it. And once that requirement is met, the document is shelved and never again consulted! This has to change if our individual businesses will flourish, contributing to the overall growth of the private sector.
What happens when the owner of a car dies, leaving behind a good V8 SUV? What if there is no will and that car finds its way into the hands of a reckless son. Or let us grant; a son who although responsible and level-headed does not know how to drive. What would happen if this son decides to move the car with the little theory he has? Your guess is as good as mine! Similarly, many of us in the private sector do not have a succession plan for our business. Once again I would place this blame at the door-step of the ‘satisfied’ “love/belonging” attitude of our businesspeople. So long as we can afford the best education for our children and live a relatively comfortable life-style we seem to think that we have arrived. Dear reader, please pause and go through your mind: In your life-time how many good-looking businesses have you not seen that died with the founder?
However, this succession plan should not necessarily mean that the business should pass on to the children as Chairmen/MD’s/CEO’s. Inasmuch as not all of us can be good entrepreneurs/managers, not all children of entrepreneurs can take after their parents’ skills. Hence, even though the company remains a family business, it should be possible that others who are more competent are employed to run it. Family members, on the other hand, should be hired and fired just like all others. That way, the MSME’s can develop and live beyond a generation.
Another challenge yet is the adoption and effective deployment of IT technologies. IT technologies are one sure way that MSME’s can develop and propel the economy. However, many MSME’s see a basic Web site, for example, as a liability. They see it more as what you need after you have achieved your end, rather than the means to that end. A simple but professionally designed Web site with corporate e-mail sends your business beyond the boundaries of your country and Africa and creates a positive corporate image that can positively impact on your business. Certainly, by adopting effective IT technologies, MSME’s will be able to reduce cost, improve productivity and thus drive the economy on the right number of cylinders.
The financial sector is yet another area to look at. I feel pity at times for the banks due to the way we take them on. However, since they are partners in developing the private sector, we can only criticize them constructively for our mutual good. Certainly, we do appreciate the effort they put into developing innovative products that encourage SME’s, especially. I personally know a number of banks that have departments dedicated to SME’s which I think is a fine step, even though, they are not getting it perfectly right. And I think that is where the views of we customers come in to sharpen such laudable initiatives and/or create new ones.
For now, I want to use a friend’s experience and a personal experience with two of the banks a few years back to illustrate some areas that need improvement:
Let us call him Yaw. Yaw runs a small business that for some time was not doing too well. As a result, several months passed without him depositing any money into his bank account. But for his tenacity, Yaw would have joined the job market looking for almost non-existent jobs just like his mates from the university.
One day, Yaw gets a modest order that can sustain him awhile. And even though he needs cash urgently, he was paid in cheque and needs to ‘special’ clear it. However, there is another problem; he gets to the bank too late to have his cheque included in the last dispatch to the clearing house. He then decides to seek help from the branch manager.
The branch manager checks Yaw’s company account and wonders why it has been dormant for so long. Yaw explains to the seeming ‘satisfaction’ of the manager. However, the manager apologises that there is very little he can do since the account has been inactive for such a long time, so Yaw should simply go through the normal clearing procedure. Yaw, disappointed, thanks the bank manager any way and approaches the teller to deposit the cheque.
At the teller’s he is advised to go see the manager again. When he gets back the manager tells him: I thought you might be operating another account with another bank so I was testing you to see if you’d walk out with the cheque, which would’ve confirmed my suspicion. But since you didn’t do that I acquiesce that you genuinely don’t have an account elsewhere. So go to the teller and she will give you the cash. Yaw, elated, thanks the manager profusely and goes for the cash.
Good customer service? By all standards some may say; in fact even Yaw felt that way. But let us reflect on this incident:
This is a bank that claims to provide the best customer service and has even won a couple of times the banking award for “Best Customer Care”. That bank also claims to live by the principle of KYC (Know Your Customer). Now, please tell me, dear reader, can this bank really claim to know its customers? Is it customer knowledge when you notice that an otherwise active account has gradually become dormant and yet, not take the time to approach the customer to find out what challenges he/she is facing in his/her business and figure out how to help; even if it takes just the concern and encouragement? Yet this manager sits in his air-conditioned office and drives in the bank’s car and enjoys a fine salary and other benefits. And all he decides is that this customer has gone to open another account with a competitor! If this is customer service, someone please help me identify a mediocre service!
My personal experience:
I went to cash a cheque drawn on an account which belongs to a different branch of the same bank. After queuing for over 45 minutes (in fact, this particular bank gives the impression that it is fanciful to queue and so it always creates plenty of room in their banking halls for queues than for tellers) the teller told me I could not cash the cheque at that branch since I was not a signatory to the account, so I had to go to the branch that held the account–suffice to say I had been to the original branch but the queue there was as winding as a mosquito coil! Hence I decided to move across town to this one, braving the traffic–I wondered, “In this 21st Century?” Of course, I protested and she asked me to talk to her supervisor who simply told me “Sir, I’m sorry but this is the policy of the Central Bank and there’s nothing I can do about it!” Well, I wondered if really it was the Central Bank that set that policy since my bank and others I know do not operate like that (or rather, are they flouting that policy?). So, if this is how a bank in 21st Century Africa runs, then….. (Please fill in the gap)
Thus far, I have been analysing some of the factors from within that make it a challenge for the private sector to run smoothly and what, in my humble opinion, can be done to mitigate such. In my next in the series, I will turn attention to some management practices that we have been practicing over the years but which need a re-examination. Meantime, what are some of these obsolete management practices in your estimation? Till then, please take good care of yourself!
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis Part 4](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-4/)
**Published:** February 21, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
What does true economic development mean? Well, if there’s true economic development, then there must be false economic development. We have been trying to answer that question. To enable us dissect the issue properly, one approach we have been using is to sociologically analyse economic development as advanced by the West and pursued by the rest of the world. We do so by examining the five main institutions of society (political, religious, economic, marital and educational) and their respective contributions to development.
In the first three parts, we discussed the political, religious and economic systems respectively. All have been found to be miserably wanting so far. How has economic development affected the marital institution, and by extension the family?
**The Basic Unit of Society**
Basic means “forming an essential foundation; fundamental.” Foundation in this context can mean “the lowest load-bearing part of a building, typically below ground level.”—Concise Oxford Dictionary
A building whose foundation is not strong is vulnerable. It can be razed down by the slightest force, such as running rain water. For this reason, building designers would always want to make sure that the foundation of the building is strong enough to keep it sturdy.
Society is like such a building; the foundation being the family; for without the family, there can be no society. And a strong family in turn requires a very strong marriage.
Granted, some families have succeeded without marriage. But here again, apart from exceptions in which a parent or both died or there is a divorce, generally, going by societal norms, a family would usually not come about without marriage. Besides families with a strong marriage, invariably produce strong and balanced children.
Marriage and the family are thus very essential for the development of any society. But how has the family fared in modern ‘development?’
**Materialism**
Once again, the wisdom that set the tone for this series will guide this discussion: “This is all that I have learned: God made us plain and simple, but we have made ourselves very complicated.”—Ecclesiastes 7:29 (Good News Bible)
When God created the woman and brought her to the man in the first wedding and afterward, man and his wife lived simply and happily, unaware that they were naked. But because they sought their own plans and decided to become complex by leaving the way of their Creator, they realized that they were naked! Yet in their ‘wisdom’, the best they could make to cover themselves was to sew fig leaves together. It took the one they sought to be equal to in wisdom to make them more suitable and durable clothing, from animal skin! No wonder leather clothes are still treasured today.
Unfortunately, things haven’t changed much since. Up to date, families have sought to ‘sew fig leaves’ for themselves as proper ‘clothing’. The result is that, they have pursued materialism for their own pride and ‘well-being’. How did that come to be?
**The Bane of False Development**
There’s no denying the fact that the family requires the basic physical necessities of life to survive: food, clothes and shelter. However, as we discussed in the previous article, the main and actual problem of economics, greed, has led to unbridled competition; struggling and shoving of one another to gain the most of this world to oneself and their families. What has been the result?
Since families view their material prosperity as a sign of ‘development’, they have unwittingly fallen prey to the false notion of development, especially as promoted by Western hegemony.
The family is now under great stress. Both parents are working harder than before to their own peril. And both of them strive vigorously to get to the ‘top’. But as Peter Tosh would have it in his track *Equal Rights and Justice*: “Everyone heading for the top. But tell me how far is it from the bottom? Nobody knows. But everybody fighting to reach the top. How far is it from the bottom?!” Do you know?
To the sacrifice of their marriage and family, most people seek the very things that eventually kill or destroy them and their family. This is as the Dalai Lama reportedly put it when he was asked what surprised him the most about humanity: “Man. Because he sacrifices his health in order to make money. Then he sacrifices money to recuperate his health. And then he is so anxious about the future that he does not enjoy the present; the result being that he does not live in the present or the future; he lives as if he is never going to die, and then dies having never lived.”
This is exactly what is happening to the family in the name of economic development. Parents sacrifice their own health, the health of their families and of their children in order to make money. Then they sacrifice the money to recuperate health and also rehabilitate delinquent children who never experienced love and care. And then they are so anxious about the future that they don’t enjoy the present. Then they die having never really lived! And their children become a burden on society.
With society in this state of stupor, can we expect any positive development? The youth hardly get enough socializing at home these days to equip them with life-skills necessary for employment and for survival. Hence, if ever they come out as responsible adults at all, many can’t seem to find their bearing through life; with some not even finding jobs to do in the ‘developed’ economy.
Out of frustration, and sometimes due to many other factors arising out of dysfunctional familial and societal up-bringing, they take to vices. Then ‘developed’ society knows that that is wrong! They arrest and put them away in prison for ‘reformation’. But is society ever successful? The more they are arrested, the more they multiply and become more sophisticated and vicious! Is this true development? Why is that the case?
Society is dealing with the symptoms, not the real causes. We have become hypocritical in finding solutions to problems we ourselves created. We blame it all on God, on Satan, on the government but never us! We all pretend to be innocent of all the crime when indeed we create the fertile ground for them. Yet we’re not bold enough to change things because we want to follow some ‘theory’ of economic ‘development’ championed by some 17th Century scholar.
The youth have become increasingly restless and daring. True. But parents and leaders in society who sought development to the detriment of proper family values and guidance for the youth are to blame; those that decided to make lives complex. Aren’t ‘developed’ and ‘developing’ societies reaping what they sowed?
**True Development**
No doubt, no society is perfect. But is it not true that as society ‘develops’, social vices also escalate? So what would make for true development?
We will discuss that issue further later in the concluding part of this series. But certainly, a ‘developed’ economy whose crime wave soars through the sky with families breaking up among other things cannot be said to be truly developed. It is living in self-deception. Is this the kind of development that the ‘developing’ world seeks? I shudder to imagine the outcome!
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.
*T*
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### [Difficult Conversations: Why they are necessary and how to handle them](https://nubianbiz.com/difficult-conversations-why-they-are-necessary-and-how-to-handle-them/)
**Published:** February 7, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Effective communication is the backbone of any successful relationship, be it personal or professional. However, there are times when we must engage in difficult conversations, which can be daunting and uncomfortable. In this article, we will explore the importance of having such conversations and the requisite skills needed to handle them.
**The Importance of Difficult Conversations**
Difficult conversations are an inevitable part of life. They can arise from conflicts, disagreements, or sensitive topics. These conversations often occur in both personal and professional settings and can be triggered by various factors, such as misunderstandings, unmet expectations, differing values, or emotional stress.
**Difficult Conversations in Personal Relationships**
In personal relationships, difficult conversations can be a significant challenge due to the emotional intimacy and vulnerability involved. These conversations can be uncomfortable, sensitive, and emotionally charged, making it essential to approach them with care and empathy.
Financial discussions, for instance, can be a source of tension in relationships. Couples may struggle to discuss debt, financial struggles, or differences in spending habits, especially if one partner feels judged or responsible. Long-term financial goals, such as saving for a home or retirement, can also be a challenge if partners have different priorities or expectations. Moreover, discovering financial infidelity, where a partner has been hiding financial information or making secret purchases, can lead to feelings of betrayal and mistrust.
Relationship dynamics can also be a minefield for difficult conversations. Discussing communication styles, conflicts, or feelings of neglect can be challenging, especially if one partner feels defensive or unheard. Conversations about intimacy, emotional connection, or feelings of disconnection can be vulnerable and difficult to navigate. Establishing or redefining boundaries in a relationship can also be uncomfortable, especially if one partner feels restricted or controlled.
Health concerns can also give rise to difficult conversations. Discussing a partner’s chronic illness or disability can be difficult, especially if it affects daily life, intimacy, or long-term plans. Conversations about mental health, such as anxiety, depression, or trauma, require empathy and understanding. Addressing addiction or substance abuse in a relationship can be incredibly challenging and may require professional guidance and support.
Difficult conversations can also arise from various life stages and challenges. For instance, discussing family planning, parenting styles, or disagreements about child-rearing can be emotionally charged. As couples navigate the complexities of building a family, open and honest communication is crucial.
Infidelity, trust issues, or feelings of insecurity can also give rise to extremely difficult conversations, which may require the guidance of couples therapy. These conversations demand empathy, understanding, and a willingness to work through painful emotions.
Lastly, discussing end-of-life planning, aging, or long-term care can be uncomfortable, but is essential for planning and preparing for the future. Having these conversations can help couples make informed decisions, alleviate uncertainty, and ensure that their wishes are respected.
Approaching these difficult conversations with empathy, active listening, and an open mind can help navigate the challenges and strengthen the relationship. By doing so, couples can build trust, understanding, and resilience, ultimately fostering a deeper and more meaningful connection.
**Difficult Conversations in the Workplace**
In the workplace, difficult conversations can take many forms, but some common examples include:
***Addressing Performance Issues***: Discussing an employee’s underperformance, missed deadlines, or subpar work quality can be uncomfortable for both the manager and the employee. These conversations require tact, empathy, and a clear understanding of the expected improvements.
***Providing Critical Feedback***: Giving constructive criticism to an employee or colleague can be challenging, especially if the feedback is negative or suggests significant changes. However, providing regular, actionable feedback is essential for growth, development, and improved performance.
***Negotiating Roles***: Conversations about role changes, promotions, or demotions can be sensitive, as they often involve discussions about job security, career advancement, and personal aspirations. These conversations demand active listening, empathy, and a clear understanding of the employee’s strengths, weaknesses, and goals.
***Resolving Conflicts***: Managing conflicts between team members can be particularly challenging, as they often involve strong emotions, differing perspectives, and competing interests. Resolving these conflicts requires a neutral, empathetic approach, focusing on finding mutually beneficial solutions that promote a positive, productive work environment.
The nature of difficult conversations means they are frequently accompanied by anxiety and apprehension, as individuals may fear confrontation, rejection, or damaging relationships. However, avoiding these discussions can lead to unresolved issues, strained relationships, and even greater conflict over time. Therefore, engaging in difficult conversations is crucial for fostering understanding, growth, and resolution.
**Requisite Skills for Handling Difficult Conversations**
So, what skills do we need to handle difficult conversations effectively? We already touched on some of them but let’s rehash them for clarity. Here are some essential ones:
***Active Listening***: Listening attentively to the other person, without interrupting or judging, is crucial in difficult conversations. Listening can help to reduce conflicts and improve relationships. This is not generally easy, especially when the other party is making remarks that you may deem untrue, half-true or uncalled-for. Restraining oneself with emotional intelligence is critical here.
***Empathy***: Empathy is a vital component of effective communication, particularly in difficult conversations. By showing understanding and compassion towards the other person, we can help to diffuse tension, create a more constructive dialogue, and ultimately build stronger relationships.
As Daniel Goleman, author of “Emotional Intelligence,” so aptly puts it, “Empathy is the foundation of all effective relationships” (Goleman, 1995). Empathy allows us to see things from the other person’s perspective, to understand their feelings and needs, and to respond in a way that is supportive and non-judgmental.
When we show empathy, we create a safe space for the other person to express themselves, which can help to reduce defensiveness and promote a more constructive dialogue.
Here are some ways to demonstrate empathy in difficult conversations:
- ***Active Listening*** as mentioned above is till applicable here.
- ***Reflective listening***: Reflect back what you’ve heard the other person say, to ensure you understand their perspective and to show that you’re actively listening.
- ***Emotional validation***: Acknowledge the other person’s feelings, and show that you understand why they might be feeling that way.
- ***Open-ended questions***: Ask open-ended questions that encourage the other person to share their thoughts and feelings.
- ***Non-verbal cues:*** Use non-verbal cues like nodding, making eye contact, and tilting your head to show that you’re engaged and empathetic.
By incorporating empathy into our difficult conversations, we can create a more positive and constructive dialogue, one that is built on mutual understanding and respect.
***Clarity***: In the Ghanaian context, being clear and direct in communication can be a delicate matter. While clarity is essential to avoid misunderstandings and ensure effective communication, being direct is often misconstrued as rudeness or being insensitive to others’ feelings.
Hence, in Ghanaian culture, indirect communication is often preferred as a way of showing respect and avoiding conflict. This, though, can lead to ambiguous messages, misunderstandings, and unresolved issues. However, being too direct can be perceived as aggressive, confrontational, or disrespectful, particularly when communicating with someone of higher authority or older in age.
To navigate this cultural nuance, it’s essential to find a balance between being clear and direct while still being respectful and considerate of others’ feelings. Here are some tips for achieving clarity in communication within the Ghanaian context:
- ***Use polite language***: Begin your message with a polite greeting or expression of respect, such as “Good morning, sir” or “Please, I want to discuss something with you.”
- ***Show empathy***: Acknowledge the other person’s feelings and perspectives, and show that you’re considering their point of view.
- ***Use indirect-direct approach***: Start with an indirect approach, such as asking a question or making a statement, and then gradually become more direct as the conversation progresses.
- ***Avoid blunt statements***: Phrases like “You’re wrong” or “This is not good enough” can come across as confrontational. Instead, focus on specific behaviors or actions that need improvement.
- ***Use nonverbal cues***: Pay attention to nonverbal cues like body language, tone of voice, and facial expressions. These can help convey your message more effectively and show that you’re engaged in the conversation.
- ***Seek feedback***: Ask for feedback and clarification to ensure that your message has been understood correctly.
By being mindful of these cultural nuances and adapting your communication style accordingly, you can achieve clarity in your communication while still being respectful and considerate of others’ feelings within the Ghanaian context.-
***Non-Defensiveness***: Approaching difficult conversations with an open mind and a willingness to listen can help to prevent defensiveness and promote a more constructive dialogue. As noted by Marshall Rosenberg, author of “Nonviolent Communication,” “Defensiveness is a major obstacle to effective communication” (Rosenberg, 2003). When we become defensive, we often respond in ways that hinder constructive dialogue and prevent us from truly hearing and understanding the other person’s perspective.
Defensiveness can manifest in various ways, such as:
- ***Denial***: Refusing to acknowledge or accept responsibility for our actions or their impact.
- ***Blame-shifting***: Transferring responsibility or blame to someone or something else.
- ***Counterattack***: Responding with aggression or criticism to divert attention from our own actions or mistakes.
- ***Justification***: Rationalizing or explaining away our behavior, rather than acknowledging its impact.
When we’re defensive, we’re more likely to:
- ***Misinterpret:*** Misunderstand or distort the other person’s message, leading to further conflict.
- ***Escalate***: Intensify the conflict by responding with anger, aggression, or hurtful comments.
- ***Block***: Shut down the conversation, refusing to engage or listen to the other person’s perspective.
To overcome defensiveness and promote effective communication:
- ***Practice self-awareness***: Recognize when you’re becoming defensive and take a step back to reassess the situation.
- ***Listen actively***: Focus on understanding the other person’s perspective, rather than preparing your response.
- ***Use “I” statements***: Express your thoughts and feelings using “I” statements, rather than making accusatory “you” statements.
- ***Seek clarification***: Ask questions to ensure you understand the other person’s message and to prevent misinterpretation.
- ***Focus on the issue***: Address the specific issue or behavior, rather than making personal attacks or criticisms.
By acknowledging and managing our defensiveness, we can create a more constructive and respectful communication environment, leading to better relationships, increased understanding, and more effective conflict resolution.
**Work that is Worth Your Earnest Efforts**
Difficult conversations are an unavoidable aspect of human interaction, arising in personal and professional relationships, and even in our daily encounters. However, by acknowledging the importance of these conversations and developing the necessary skills, we can transform them into opportunities for growth, understanding, and strengthened relationships.
Active listening, empathy, clarity, and non-defensiveness are essential skills for navigating difficult conversations. By cultivating these skills, we can create a safe and respectful environment for open discussion, fostering deeper connections and more meaningful interactions.
Moreover, developing the ability to engage in difficult conversations can have a profound impact on our personal and professional lives. It can lead to:
- Deeper, more authentic relationships built on trust and understanding
- Improved communication and conflict resolution skills
- Enhanced emotional intelligence and empathy
- Increased confidence and self-awareness
- Better decision-making and problem-solving abilities
In the Ghanaian context, where relationships and community are highly valued, developing the skills for difficult conversations can be particularly beneficial. By embracing these conversations, we can build stronger, more resilient relationships and communities, ultimately contributing to a more harmonious and prosperous society.
In the end, difficult conversations are not something to be feared or avoided. Rather, they are an opportunity for growth, learning, and connection. By embracing these conversations and developing the necessary skills, we can become more effective communicators, better relationships builders, and more compassionate individuals. It is indeed work that is worth your earnest efforts!
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [“If you do good…” Insights for Businesses, Management and Employees from a Ghanaian Proverb](https://nubianbiz.com/if-you-do-good-insights-for-businesses-management-and-employees-from-a-ghanaian-proverb/)
**Published:** January 13, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Proverbs are deeply woven into Ghanaian culture, serving as tools for education, communication and moral guidance. These concise expressions of wisdom distill complex ideas into relatable lessons, enabling their use across diverse contexts—from personal development to community leadership. In Ghana, proverbs often encapsulate ancestral knowledge, providing a bridge between generations and reinforcing shared values such as respect, accountability and collaboration. For instance, sayings like “One tree does not make a forest” highlight the importance of community and teamwork, while others such as “If you do good, you do for yourself” underscore personal responsibility and ethical living. By reflecting cultural beliefs and social norms, proverbs remain a vibrant medium for preserving Ghana’s rich oral traditions and fostering unity.
**Relevance to Management**
Ghanaian proverbs provide a foundation for management principles uniquely suited to the Ghanaian context. By reflecting on the values and practices deeply rooted in local traditions and social structures that these proverbs espouse, businesses, leaders and managers would carve out a more humane environment for fulfilling experiences by fostering trust, respect and innovation, ultimately creating practices that resonate with both local cultural norms and global standards.
**“If you do good, you do for yourself; if you do bad, you do for yourself”**
Proverbs, such as “If you do good, you do for yourself; if you do bad, you do for yourself,” encapsulate the timeless wisdom of actions having intrinsic consequences. This particular adage teaches individuals and organizations the value of ethical behavior, mutual respect and long-term vision. Businesses, managers, and employees can draw profound lessons from it to enhance their professional conduct and operational strategies. By coupling this wisdom with other local sayings, a holistic framework for improved work ethics and management can be achieved.
**The Interplay of Ethics and Reciprocity in Business**
This proverb underscores the principle of reciprocity: good deeds often create a ripple effect that returns to the doer. In business, ethical practices such as honesty, fairness and transparency not only build trust but also establish a solid reputation. A manager who leads with integrity, for instance, inspires loyalty and higher productivity among employees. Similarly, businesses that engage in fair trade and corporate social responsibility often enjoy long-term benefits, including customer loyalty and sustained growth.
**Management Lessons: Leading with Vision and Integrity**
Managers can apply this wisdom by focusing on sustainable leadership. Leading with integrity fosters an environment where employees feel valued and motivated to contribute their best. A related proverb, ***“A man who pays respect to the great paves the way for his own greatness,”*** reinforces the importance of showing respect in leadership. By treating employees fairly and valuing their contributions, managers can cultivate a culture of mutual respect and collaboration. This culture not only enhances morale but also drives innovation and efficiency.
**Employee Responsibility and Personal Accountability**
For employees, “If you do good, you do for yourself” serves as a reminder that diligence, honesty and teamwork are investments in their personal growth. When workers uphold high standards, they gain skills, build reputations, and enhance career prospects. Another relevant adage, “When you climb a good tree, you are given a push,” suggests that pursuing righteous paths earns support from others. Employees who demonstrate initiative and responsibility are more likely to receive recognition and opportunities for advancement.
**Applying Lessons for Broader Impact**
Proverbs such as “One finger cannot pick a stone” highlight the importance of teamwork in achieving common goals. Businesses can draw from this wisdom by fostering environments that promote collaboration rather than unhealthy competition. A cooperative workplace encourages knowledge-sharing, innovation and the pooling of resources to solve challenges more effectively.
This philosophy extends beyond immediate interactions to broader corporate strategies. Businesses that prioritize sustainable practices, such as reducing environmental footprints and supporting local communities, benefit not just society but also their own long-term viability. A company that embodies the wisdom of “The child who asks questions does not become a fool” will always strive for growth by continuously learning and adapting to changes in the market.
In conclusion, Ghanaian proverbs provide a roadmap for ethical living and working, emphasizing that every action carries its reward or consequence. By integrating these principles into daily operations, businesses, managers and employees can build organizations that are not only successful but also respected and valued. As businesses navigate the complexities of a globalized world, these timeless lessons offer a foundation for ethical practices, collaboration and long-term success.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Empowering Communities, Transforming Development: A Paradigm Shift in Ghana and Beyond](https://nubianbiz.com/empowering-communities-transforming-development-a-paradigm-shift-in-ghana-and-beyond/)
**Published:** January 13, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Development in Ghana and across Africa has historically been a narrative shaped predominantly by governmental policies and international aid. While government-led initiatives have undeniably contributed to national progress, there exists a growing recognition that sustainable development cannot rely solely on state mechanisms. This article delves into the historical precedents that have led communities to depend heavily on governmental support, explores the limitations of such an approach, and advocates for a paradigm shift towards community-driven development. By empowering individuals and fostering collaborative efforts, communities can spearhead their own development through innovative structures like community development corporations (CDCs), capital raising through share floating, and the establishment of volunteer masterminds. This grassroots approach not only complements governmental efforts but also ensures that development is tailored to the unique needs of each community.
**Historical Context: From Autonomy to Government Dependence**
Historically, African communities thrived on communal support and collective decision-making, rooted in shared cultural and social values. These systems ensured the well-being of all community members and were reflected in governance, resource sharing and social structures. Communal land ownership, for instance, was a common practice, as seen among the Igbo people of Nigeria, where villages were organized around extended families and kinship ties, with land shared among members, and collective farming guaranteeing food security.
Similarly, the Kikuyu of Kenya employed communal decision-making through councils of elders, ensuring fairness and equity in land distribution and resource use. Democratic norms and egalitarian practices were also prevalent, as exemplified by the Tiv of Nigeria, where governance emphasized collective decision-making, with leadership roles rotated or assigned to councils of elders, and decisions reached through consensus.
The Ubuntu philosophy, common in Southern Africa, epitomized the interconnectedness and collective welfare of community members. It emphasized that individual well-being was tied to the community’s, fostering mutual aid and solidarity. This philosophy remains influential today, highlighting the deep roots of communal values in African history.
Traditional institutions, such as councils of elders or chiefs, played central roles in governance and conflict resolution in many pre-colonial African societies. These institutions operated under principles of consensus, transparency and inclusivity, aligning with the values of shared leadership and collective action.
Pre-colonial Ghanaian communities were likewise characterized by a strong emphasis on communal support and collective decision-making, deeply rooted in their sociocultural and political systems. In societies like the Akan, land was held collectively under the stewardship of chiefs or clan heads, ensuring equitable distribution of land use and promoting community welfare over individual wealth accumulation.
Decision-making in these communities was also often decentralized, involving councils of elders and chiefs, as seen among the Ashanti (Asante). These bodies, known as Abusua Panyin (family heads) and the Asanteman Council, operated on consensus, ensuring that diverse interests within clans and communities were represented. The extended family system served as a safety net, where kinship ties fostered collective responsibility, and resources and labor were shared during events like farming seasons, festivals, or communal projects.
These communal systems were vital for social cohesion and resilience. However, colonial rule disrupted these practices by imposing centralized and hierarchical governance structures, which often prioritized individualism over communalism. This restructuring laid the groundwork for a dependency on centralized governmental structures for development.
Post-independence, many African nations, including Ghana, inherited these centralized systems. Governments took on the mantle of driving development, often adopting top-down approaches that prioritized national over local needs. While intentions were geared towards modernization and nation-building, the lack of local engagement and empowerment led to inefficiencies and unmet community needs. This historical trajectory entrenched a reliance on government for development, sidelining the potential of community-driven initiatives.
Despite this disruption, the enduring presence of traditional institutions in many parts of Africa, and Ghana, for that matter, today reflects the resilience and relevance of these communal values, highlighting the importance of revisiting and learning from these traditional systems to inform modern governance and development strategies.
**The Limitations of Government-Only Development**
Relying exclusively on government for development presents several challenges. Firstly, bureaucratic inefficiencies and corruption impede the effective allocation and utilization of resources. In Ghana, for instance, mismanagement of funds has occasionally stymied infrastructure projects and social programs intended to uplift communities. Moreover, governments, regardless of their intentions, may not always be attuned to the specific needs of individual communities. The diversity of Ghana’s regions, each with unique cultural, economic and social landscapes, necessitates tailored development strategies that centralized planning often overlooks.
Furthermore, governments are bound by political cycles and competing priorities, which can result in inconsistent development efforts. Projects may start with enthusiasm but falter due to changes in leadership or shifting policy agendas. This inconsistency undermines long-term development goals and erodes community trust in governmental initiatives. Additionally, with burgeoning populations and urbanization, the strain on government resources intensifies, making it increasingly difficult for state mechanisms to keep pace with the multifaceted development needs of all communities.
**Ghana’s Decentralization Dilemma**
While decentralization in Ghana has been pursued as a strategy to enhance local governance and improve development outcomes, it has faced several challenges that have limited its success. These shortcomings stem from both structural and operational inefficiencies within the system.
Ghana’s decentralization program, launched under the Local Government Act of 1993, aimed to transfer administrative, political and fiscal authority to local assemblies. However, the process has been hindered by the central government’s reluctance to cede significant powers. Most local authorities remain dependent on centrally allocated funds, which are often delayed and insufficient to meet their mandates. This financial dependency undermines their autonomy and capacity to deliver essential services effectively
Political interference has also posed a significant barrier. District Chief Executives (DCEs), who play a key role in local governance, are appointed by the president rather than elected by the community. This arrangement often leads to accountability issues, as these officials prioritize allegiance to the central government over responsiveness to local needs. Furthermore, the overlap between traditional and administrative authorities, particularly in land management, creates conflicts that hinder coordinated development efforts
Decentralization has also suffered from inadequate public participation and a lack of awareness among citizens about their role in the process. Many residents remain disconnected from decision-making, undermining the core principle of empowering communities to influence local governance.
Thus, while Ghana’s decentralization initiative is well-intentioned, its effectiveness has been limited by structural inefficiencies, political interference and weak financial autonomy. This is why community development corporations come in handy.
**Empowering Individuals: The First Step Towards Community-Led Development**
The transformation from government dependence to community-driven development begins with individual empowerment. Empowerment involves equipping self with the knowledge, skills and resources necessary to take charge of own development. This shift necessitates a rethinking of traditional roles and fostering a culture of self-reliance and innovation.
Self re-education plays a pivotal role in this empowerment. By prioritizing re-education of self away from the miseducation received through formal education; emphasizing critical thinking, entrepreneurship and technical skills, individuals are better prepared to identify and address local challenges. Furthermore, fostering a mindset that values initiative and creativity encourages individuals to seek solutions beyond governmental provisions. Empowered individuals become catalysts for change, inspiring others and laying the groundwork for collective action.
**Collaborative Efforts: Building Community Development Corporations**
Once individuals are empowered, the next logical step is fostering collaboration to harness collective strengths. Community Development Corporations (CDCs) emerge as instrumental structures in this context. CDCs are locally governed entities that mobilize resources, coordinate projects, and implement development initiatives tailored to the community’s specific needs.
In Ghana, CDCs can play a transformative role by bridging gaps between various stakeholders, including local businesses, non-governmental organizations, financial institutions and international partners. These corporations facilitate the pooling of resources, knowledge and expertise, ensuring that development projects are both sustainable and impactful. For instance, a CDC in a rural Ghanaian community might focus on developing agricultural technologies, improving irrigation systems, or establishing local markets that connect farmers directly to consumers, thereby enhancing economic resilience and food security.
**Raising Capital Through Share Floating: Financial Independence and Growth**
A critical aspect of community-driven development is financial autonomy. Traditional funding mechanisms often involve reliance on external aid or governmental grants, which can be restrictive and unsustainable in the long term. By floating shares, communities can raise capital to fund profit-making ventures that generate revenue for reinvestment in development projects.
This model empowers communities to control their financial destiny. For example, a community might establish a cooperative that manufactures local handicrafts. By issuing shares to community members, the cooperative can raise the necessary capital to set up production facilities, procure materials and market products. Profits generated from sales can then be reinvested into infrastructure projects such as building schools, clinics, or roads, thereby creating a self-sustaining cycle of development fueled by local entrepreneurship.
Moreover, share floating democratizes ownership and decision-making, ensuring that profits are equitably distributed and reinvested within the community. This approach not only fosters economic growth but also builds financial literacy and a sense of ownership among community members.
**Volunteer Masterminds: Leveraging Collective Expertise**
Integral to the success of community-driven initiatives are volunteer masterminds—groups of dedicated individuals who collaborate to brainstorm, strategize, and execute development projects. These masterminds harness the diverse skills and expertise of community members, fostering innovation and problem-solving.
In Ghana, volunteer masterminds can take various forms, from informal gatherings of local leaders to structured committees focused on specific development sectors. These groups facilitate the exchange of ideas, encourage mentorship and provide a support system for entrepreneurs and project leaders. By leveraging collective expertise, volunteer masterminds can overcome challenges that might be insurmountable for individuals acting alone.
Additionally, these masterminds can serve as incubators for new ideas, testing and refining concepts before scaling them up. This iterative process ensures that development initiatives are well-conceived, effectively implemented, and sustainable in the long run.
**The Economic Potential of Community-Driven Enterprises**
The economic impact of community-driven enterprises can be profound. When individuals within a community establish companies with substantial revenue, the collective economic power can rival the GDP of many nations. For instance, in the technology sector, Ghanaian startups have the potential to grow into significant players in the African market and beyond, generating employment, fostering innovation, and contributing to national economic growth.
Consider the example of mPharma, a Ghanaian health tech company that manages prescription drug inventory for pharmacies and provides financing to drug manufacturers. By addressing inefficiencies in the pharmaceutical supply chain, mPharma not only improves healthcare outcomes but also creates economic opportunities within the community. As more such enterprises emerge, the cumulative economic contributions can drive significant development, reducing poverty, and enhancing the quality of life.
**Challenges and the Path Forward**
While the potential of community-driven development is immense, several challenges must be addressed to realize its full benefits. Access to capital remains a significant barrier, as many communities lack the financial resources to initiate and sustain development projects. Bridging this gap requires innovative financing solutions, such as floating of shares, microfinance, crowdfunding and impact investing, tailored to the unique needs of communities.
Moreover, fostering a culture of collaboration necessitates overcoming entrenched mindsets that prioritize individual success over collective well-being. Education and awareness campaigns by CDCs can play a crucial role in shifting perceptions, highlighting the benefits of cooperative efforts and shared prosperity.
Additionally, ensuring good corporate governance within CDCs is essential to prevent mismanagement and corruption. Establishing transparent processes, accountability mechanisms and inclusive decision-making practices can enhance the effectiveness and credibility of these entities.
In conclusion,rethinking development in Ghana and Africa calls for a departure from traditional, government-centric models towards a more inclusive, community-driven approach. By empowering individuals, fostering collaboration and leveraging innovative financial mechanisms, communities can take charge of their own development trajectories. The formation of community development corporations, the strategic raising of capital through share floating and the establishment of volunteer masterminds are pivotal strategies that can unlock the vast potential within communities.
This shift not only addresses the limitations of relying solely on governmental initiatives but also aligns with the inherent communal values that have long been a cornerstone of African societies. As communities harness their collective strengths and resources, they can achieve sustainable, impactful development that uplifts not just individual members but the community as a whole. In this re-imagined landscape, the power of community initiatives stands as a testament to the resilience, ingenuity and collaborative spirit of Ghanaian and African societies.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Empowering Rural Economies through E-commerce and Technology Integration](https://nubianbiz.com/empowering-rural-economies-through-e-commerce-and-technology-integration/)
**Published:** January 13, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Rural communities in Ghana and across Africa have long been marginalized in the global economy due to limited infrastructure, market access and digital connectivity. However, the emergence of e-commerce and advancements in technology present transformative opportunities for these communities. By leveraging mobile-first strategies, localized logistics and digital platforms, rural economies can achieve unprecedented growth, contributing to national and continental economic development.
**The Potential of Digital Tools to Reach Underserved Markets**
E-commerce platforms powered by mobile-first strategies have become game-changers in regions with low internet penetration but high mobile phone usage. In Ghana, mobile technology reaches even remote areas, enabling communities to participate in digital trade. Simplified interfaces tailored to local languages and needs can bridge the digital divide, allowing rural artisans, farmers, and small businesses to showcase and sell their products online.
For instance, platforms like NubianBiz.Com available in multiple languages, including Ewe and Twi connect buyers and sellers across Africa, providing opportunities for rural entrepreneurs to tap into wider markets. Mobile money services such as MoMo and fintech platforms integrated into e-commerce systems further simplify transactions, making it easier for rural residents to engage in online trade.
**Case Studies of Successful Rural E-commerce Initiatives**
Globally, rural e-commerce initiatives have driven remarkable transformations. In China, platforms like Taobao Village Projects have uplifted millions from poverty by enabling rural residents to sell goods directly to urban consumers. According to alizila.com, Alizila News from Alibaba, “After 10 years, the Taobao Village model has achieved scale to benefit about half of the total rural population in China. As of August 2019, there are a total of 4,310 Taobao Villages in 25 provinces, where 250 million out of China’s total [564](htpp://www.statista.com/statistics/278566/urban-and-rural-population-of-china/) million rural villagers reside, according to data from AliResearch. The total sales generated by Taobao Villages – and Taobao Towns, which are larger-scale rural townships that deploy the same Taobao Village model – amounted to RMB700 billion in the 12 months ending June 2019. The total number of active online shops on Taobao operated by Taobao Villagers surged by nearly tenfold to 660,000 in 2018, from just 70,000 in 2014, said AliResearch”.
Closer to home, initiatives like Kenya’s Twiga Foods link rural farmers with urban markets, reducing waste and increasing profits. The company recently secured critical funding through a $35 million convertible bond round, aimed at improving cost efficiency and sustaining its operations. Granted, Twiga has faced economic pressures, including rising global interest rates and reduced investment in emerging markets, which have led to restructuring efforts such as workforce reductions and operational streamlining. Despite these teething hurdles, however, Twiga remains committed to its mission of revolutionizing food supply chains and supporting informal retail through technology, focusing on digital food distribution and affordability in Africa.
In Ghana, emerging examples show promise. Farmers in the Northern Region have begun using digital platforms to sell organic produce directly to consumers in Accra. According to DW.com, “AgroCenta’s CEO and co-founder, Francis Obirikorang says his firm is now servicing four regions in Ghana. ‘We are working with 12,000 small-holder farmers. We make a monthly revenue of $50,000.’” Initiatives like this deserve more than commendation. They should be promoted and supported (instead of competed against) as the gold-standard for driving economic growth in Ghana and Africa as a whole. NubianBiz.Com offers a scalable model by facilitating B2B and B2C transactions, empowering rural entrepreneurs to thrive on a continental scale.
**Challenges in Adoption and Solutions**
Despite the potential, barriers such as digital illiteracy, inadequate infrastructure, and skepticism about online platforms persist. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach:
**Digital Literacy Campaigns**: Training programs tailored to rural populations can demystify e-commerce and build trust. For instance, partnerships between tech companies and local governments can provide hands-on training in digital skills.
**Infrastructure Investments**: Expanding internet connectivity and improving road networks are critical. Initiatives like the African Union’s Digital Transformation Strategy aim to improve digital infrastructure across the continent. “The Digital Transformation Strategy for Africa will build on the existing initiatives and frameworks such as the Policy and Regulatory Initiative for Digital Africa (PRIDA), the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), the African Union Financial Institutions (AUFIs, the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM); and the Free Movement of Persons (FMP) to support the development of a Digital Single Market (DSM) for Africa, as part of the integration priorities of the African Union”, according to the strategy document.
**Trust-building Measures**: Platforms like NubianBiz.Com can integrate escrow services and user reviews to enhance trust in online transactions.
**The Multiplier Effect: Benefits for National Development**
Empowering rural economies has ripple effects on broader national development. Increased incomes in rural areas lead to greater consumer spending, which stimulates local businesses and creates jobs. Moreover, integrating rural producers into larger markets can reduce regional inequalities and drive inclusive growth.
**Actionable Insights for Investors and Entrepreneurs**
Investors and entrepreneurs looking to unlock the potential of rural Africa should consider the following strategies:
**Collaborate with Local Communities**: Understanding local needs and involving community members in e-commerce ventures ensure sustainability and adoption.
**Focus on Scalability**: Platforms like NubianBiz.Com demonstrate the value of scalable models that aggregate multiple sellers and buyers across regions.
**Leverage Technology for Logistics**: Innovations like drone deliveries and decentralized pickup points can overcome logistical challenges in rural areas.
None of this is easy. But a journey of a thousand miles starts with a step. By building on what has already been done by entrepreneurs and policymakers alike, rather than complaining and drooling over the challenges and disappointments, this can be achieved to benefit future generations, even if those of us here today do not get to reap the benefits.
**Aligning with Economic Independence and Sustainable Development**
E-commerce is more than a tool for profit; it is a pathway to self-reliance and empowerment. By integrating web technologies into rural economies, African nations can reduce dependency on external aid and establish sustainable development models.
In conclusion, the transformative potential of e-commerce lies in its ability to empower individuals and communities, fostering economic liberation and social equity. Rural Ghana and Africa at large stand on the cusp of a digital revolution. By embracing these opportunities, they can redefine their economic trajectories and create lasting prosperity for future generations. The tools are here—it’s time to wield them.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [What an Entrepreneur Needs to Effectively Deploy an E-commerce Platform](https://nubianbiz.com/what-an-entrepreneur-needs-to-effectively-deploy-an-e-commerce-platform/)
**Published:** January 13, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
E-commerce is shaping the global economy, and Africa is no exception. For African entrepreneurs, the opportunity to establish an e-commerce platform is a gateway to accessing new markets, fostering innovation and driving economic transformation. However, achieving success requires more than just a great idea; it demands a well-structured approach that combines the right resources, strategy, mindset, and execution.
**Essential Components of an E-commerce Platform**
To effectively deploy an e-commerce platform, entrepreneurs must consider key elements, including management structure, supply chain optimization, payment systems and fulfillment mechanisms.
A robust **management structure** is critical. Entrepreneurs need a clear organizational hierarchy that defines roles and responsibilities. The leadership team should include a visionary CEO, a skilled operations manager, a tech-savvy CTO to oversee platform development, a marketing specialist for customer acquisition and a finance manager to handle budgeting and investment. This structure ensures streamlined decision-making and operational efficiency.
Equally important is a well-optimized **supply chain**. Entrepreneurs must establish relationships with reliable suppliers, ensure inventory management and create efficient distribution networks. Partnering with local producers can reduce costs and strengthen community ties, while using data analytics can help predict demand and avoid overstocking or stockouts.
A seamless **payment system** is vital for customer satisfaction and trust. In Ghana, where mobile money dominates, integrating payment platforms like Paystack is essential. Entrepreneurs should also provide multiple payment options, including bank transfers, card payments and cash on delivery to accommodate diverse consumer preferences.
**Fulfillment** is the final step in the customer journey and must be executed flawlessly. Entrepreneurs should collaborate with reliable logistics providers to ensure timely and cost-effective delivery. In regions with limited infrastructure, adopting innovative solutions like drone deliveries or pickup hubs can be transformative.
**The Right Mindset and Reasonable Expectations**
Success in e-commerce requires resilience, adaptability and a long-term vision. Entrepreneurs must embrace a mindset of continuous learning, staying abreast of technological trends and consumer behaviors. While profitability is the goal, it’s crucial to set realistic expectations. Building a loyal customer base and achieving sustainable growth may take years, especially in Africa’s nascent e-commerce market.
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon, once said, *“If you do build a great experience, customers tell each other about that. Word of mouth is very powerful.”* African entrepreneurs should prioritize delivering exceptional customer experiences, knowing that trust and reliability are the cornerstones of e-commerce success.
**Challenges and How to Address Them**
Launching an e-commerce platform in Ghana is not without challenges. Poor internet penetration in rural areas, limited logistics infrastructure and consumer skepticism about online shopping can hinder progress. Additionally, regulatory hurdles and high operational costs pose significant barriers.
However, these challenges are not insurmountable. Investments in digital infrastructure and consumer education campaigns can mitigate these issues. Entrepreneurs should also leverage Ghana’s mobile-first population by designing platforms optimized for mobile devices.
**SWOT Analysis for E-commerce in Ghana**
Conducting a SWOT analysis can help entrepreneurs understand the landscape and strategize effectively.
**Strengths:** Ghana’s growing internet and smartphone penetration, young population and increasing urbanization provide a large market for e-commerce.
**Weaknesses:** Limited infrastructure, logistical challenges and low digital literacy levels in some regions can impede growth.
**Opportunities:** The implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), increasing investment in fintech, e-markets like NubianBiz and the launch of 5G open new avenues for e-commerce.
**Threats:** Intense competition, cybersecurity risks and economic instability pose challenges.
**The Future of E-commerce in Ghana**
The rise of platforms like NubianBiz.com demonstrates the potential for innovation in Africa’s e-commerce landscape. By aggregating businesses into a unified platform, NubianBiz.com facilitates business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C) transactions, empowering African entrepreneurs to operate globally. The platform also promotes intra-African trade, aligning with AfCFTA’s objectives and positioning Africa for the era of Web 3.0.
As 5G rolls out across the continent, entrepreneurs will have access to faster and more reliable internet, enabling innovations in areas like artificial intelligence, augmented reality and blockchain. These technologies can transform customer experiences, improve supply chain transparency and enhance trust in online transactions. Inward-looking to Ghana alone as a market cannot adequately benefit entrepreneurs. A continental outlook is the mindset to cultivate, thus not limiting ourselves to mediocrity.
**A Call to Action**
Ghanaian and African entrepreneurs must seize the e-commerce opportunity with determination and strategic foresight. As Nelson Mandela famously said, *“It always seems impossible until it’s done.”* The future of Africa lies in leveraging technology to solve local challenges and create global opportunities.
Though Ghana and Africa face challenges from the lingering effects of neo-colonialism, which has led to the exploitation and loss of natural resources, **web technology, particularly e-commerce, holds transformative potential** to economically empower individuals and future generations. This empowerment lies in enabling everyday people to directly engage with global markets, bypass traditional gatekeepers, and build independent wealth.
**The Role of E-commerce in Economic Liberation**
E-commerce democratizes access to markets. Through online platforms, individuals, small businesses, and artisans can sell their products and services locally and globally without requiring large capital investments. For example:
**Local Artisans**: Ghanaian craftspeople can now sell their goods on platforms like NubianBiz.Com, creating opportunities for cultural exports and reducing dependency on intermediaries.
**Small Businesses**: Entrepreneurs can scale their operations without the significant overhead of physical infrastructure, leveraging tools like digital payments, logistics partnerships and social media marketing.
**Youth Empowerment**: Young people, often stifled by limited job opportunities, can build their brands or offer freelance services such as web design, programming or consulting through platforms like NubianBiz.
**Harnessing E-commerce to Reclaim Economic Independence**
Ghana’s and Africa’s natural resources, though depleted in some areas, can still play a vital role in generating wealth if processed and marketed directly through e-commerce platforms. For instance:
**Agricultural Exports**: Farmers can utilize e-commerce to sell organic produce directly to international consumers, bypassing exploitative middlemen.
**Tech Startups**: Platforms like NubianBiz.Com offer frameworks for B2B and B2C engagements, creating ecosystems where local businesses can collaborate, innovate and thrive.
**Financial Inclusion**: The rise of fintech in Africa supports secure payments and microfinance, essential for individuals who lack traditional banking access.
**Building the Foundations for Economic Liberation**
E-commerce isn’t merely a tool; it’s a movement toward self-reliance and economic sovereignty. By adopting web technologies, African nations can rewrite the narrative of dependency. Marcus Garvey’s call for self-reliance resonates here: *“A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.”* By reclaiming economic power through technology, future generations can establish their independence and create lasting wealth.
Platforms like NubianBiz.Com exemplify how African ingenuity, coupled with technological tools, can empower everyday people to harness global opportunities. As e-commerce flourishes, it can create an ecosystem where knowledge, resources and wealth circulate within African communities, setting the stage for economic freedom that extends beyond natural resource dependency.
This revolution is already underway, and it beckons the participation of every Ghanaian and African. The future belongs to those who adapt and innovate.
In conclusion, deploying an e-commerce platform in Ghana requires a combination of robust infrastructure, strategic planning and a growth-oriented mindset. By overcoming challenges and embracing innovation, Ghanaian entrepreneurs can harness e-commerce as a powerful tool for economic development, creating a prosperous future for generations to come. We have lost our natural resources to neo-colonization, thanks to our leaders. Let’s not lose out on technology!
The transformative potential of e-commerce lies in its ability to empower individuals and communities, fostering economic liberation and social equity. How can Ghana and Africa at large exploit these opportunities to redefine our economic trajectories and create lasting prosperity for future generations? Please look out for the next article.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [The Rise of E-commerce in Ghana and Africa: Trends and Insights](https://nubianbiz.com/the-rise-of-e-commerce-in-ghana-and-africa-trends-and-insights/)
**Published:** January 13, 2025
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
E-commerce has become a powerful driver of economic transformation worldwide, reshaping how businesses operate and consumers engage with markets. In Ghana and across Africa, e-commerce is undergoing a rapid evolution, fueled by technological advancements, digital connectivity, and innovative business models. By tracing its historical trajectory and comparing it to global benchmarks, this article sheds light on how platforms like NubianBiz.com are poised to revolutionize e-commerce and intra-African trade.
**Early Days of E-commerce in Ghana and Africa**
The late 1990s marked the dawn of e-commerce in Ghana, albeit at a nascent stage. Early efforts were hindered by limited internet access, high costs, and low levels of digital literacy. Ghana’s journey into e-commerce marked the emergence of platforms like Ghana Classifieds’ GhanaMall (if I remember correctly) and NetAfrique’s (now Rotman Consult) ePesewa. E-MartGhana, launched in 2006, aimed to pioneer online shopping experiences but struggled to scale due to inadequate infrastructure and logistical challenges. Despite these hurdles, those laid the foundation for subsequent ventures that would thrive in a more digitally enabled environment.
By the early 2010s, the growth of mobile phones began shifting the narrative, with platforms like TONATON gaining traction in the classified ads space. However, the ecosystem truly started to evolve with the rise of platforms like Jumia, which provided a broad range of services from electronics to fashion, revolutionizing how Ghanaians and Africans at large shop online.
**The Current State of E-commerce in Ghana and Africa**
The sector has seen significant milestones, such as Jumia’s IPO on the New York Stock Exchange in 2019, which signaled global confidence in African tech. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated online shopping trends, with mobile commerce taking center stage. In Ghana, mobile connections reached 44.9 million in 2023, supporting mobile-first e-commerce strategies and payment systems like MTN MoMo and Vodafone Cash.
Today, the penetration of mobile phones and internet services has created an environment ripe for digital commerce. Across Africa, mobile-first marketplaces such as Takealot in South Africa and Wasoko in East Africa highlight how technology is addressing logistical and payment barriers.
However, the African e-commerce market remains untapped compared to other regions. With over 1.4 billion people, the continent’s e-commerce penetration hovers below 10%, presenting immense growth opportunities. This trajectory is poised for acceleration with investments in digital infrastructure and favorable policies like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which fosters regional trade integration.
**Global Comparisons: Lessons from Asia, America, and Europe**
The development of e-commerce in Asia offers a striking contrast. China’s Alibaba and JD.com leveraged high-speed internet and mobile adoption to revolutionize retail, creating ecosystems that include logistics, fintech, and cloud computing. In the United States, Amazon emerged as a dominant force by building efficient supply chains, fostering consumer trust, and offering an expansive product range. Europe followed a similar path, with platforms like Zalando and ASOS capitalizing on cross-border trade and unified regulations within the European Union.
These global examples illustrate the transformative potential of e-commerce when paired with robust infrastructure, favorable policies and consumer trust. For Africa, where infrastructure gaps remain a challenge, the lessons from these markets are invaluable in crafting a unique trajectory for growth.
**NubianBiz.com: A Unified Business Portal**
NubianBiz.com represents a groundbreaking advancement in African e-commerce. As the first business-to-business-to-consumer (B2B2C) portal of its kind, it integrates diverse e-commerce functionalities, enabling seamless interactions between businesses and consumers. B2B2C combines the efficiency of B2B transactions with the reach of B2C engagement, creating an ecosystem where manufacturers, distributors, and retailers collaborate to serve end consumers effectively.
Unlike traditional platforms, NubianBiz.com goes beyond product listings to provide tools for digital transformation, such as inventory management, analytics, and trade facilitation. By bridging gaps between local markets and international suppliers, it enhances the efficiency of supply chains and promotes intra-African trade, aligning perfectly with AfCFTA objectives.
**The Role of 5G in E-commerce Expansion**
The recent launch of 5G internet in Ghana marks a significant milestone for e-commerce. With faster speeds, lower latency, and increased connectivity, 5G opens up new possibilities for businesses. For logistics, 5G enables real-time tracking of shipments and predictive maintenance of delivery fleets. Fintech solutions also stand to benefit, with faster transaction processing and enhanced security features that build consumer confidence in online payments.
For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), 5G reduces operational costs by enabling cloud computing, remote work, and digital marketing. It also supports emerging technologies like artificial intelligence and augmented reality, which can enhance customer experiences through personalized shopping and virtual try-ons.
**Pioneering Web 3.0 in Africa**
NubianBiz.com is well-positioned to lead Africa into the era of Web 3.0, characterized by decentralized systems and blockchain technology. By integrating blockchain for secure transactions and data transparency, the platform ensures trust and accountability in e-commerce. It also facilitates cross-border payments and digital wallets, critical for enabling seamless trade across Africa.
The combination of NubianBiz.com’s innovative features and 5G connectivity creates a robust ecosystem for businesses to thrive. Entrepreneurs can access markets beyond their local regions, while consumers benefit from diverse product offerings and competitive pricing.
**Unlocking the Potential of E-commerce**
As Ghana and Africa embrace the digital economy, it is essential to harness e-commerce meaningfully. Governments must invest in digital literacy programs to equip citizens with the skills needed for the future of work. Businesses must adopt ethical practices that prioritize consumer satisfaction and environmental sustainability. Consumers, too, must engage thoughtfully, supporting local businesses and fostering a culture of innovation.
In conclusion, the rise of e-commerce in Ghana and Africa signals a transformative period for the continent’s economy. By learning from global successes, leveraging technological advancements like 5G, and embracing platforms like NubianBiz.com, Africa is poised to become a global leader in digital commerce. The journey is just beginning, but the potential is limitless, promising a future where e-commerce drives inclusive growth and shared prosperity across the continent.
Perhaps, through this article, I have heightened your interest in venturing into e-Commerce. Yes, the opportunity to establish an e-commerce platform is a gateway to accessing new markets, fostering innovation and driving economic transformation. However, achieving success requires more than just a great idea; it demands a well-structured approach that combines the right resources, strategy, mindset and execution. The next article will examine what you need to effectively deploy an E-commerce Platform.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Future-Proofing Businesses: 5G-Driven Transformation in Ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/future-proofing-businesses-5g-driven-transformation-in-ghana/)
**Published:** November 27, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In a landmark moment for Ghana’s digital economy, the country officially launched its 5G internet services, a move that signifies the beginning of a new era in connectivity and innovation. This milestone, announced by President Akufo-Addo and Communications Minister Ursula Owusu-Ekuful, is set to redefine the nation’s technological landscape. The rollout is not only a leap in speed but also marks a critical step towards achieving the government’s vision of making Ghana a hub for digital transformation in Africa. The launch in Accra, Kumasi, and Takoradi, with plans to extend to rural areas by 2026, signals that Ghana is ready to embrace the full potential of 5G technology
**What does Future-Proofing Businesses with 5G-Driven Transformation mean?**
At its core, future-proofing businesses involves preparing them to thrive in a rapidly changing technological environment, ensuring they can continue to innovate, thrive, and adapt to new challenges. With 5G, businesses in Ghana can unlock a range of transformative capabilities. Unlike its predecessors, 5G promises ultra-low latency, increased bandwidth, and faster speeds, allowing for real-time communication and the seamless integration of technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics into daily business operations.
In Ghana, this transformation is poised to impact sectors across the board. The healthcare sector can benefit from real-time telemedicine consultations, enhancing access to care in remote areas. Education will become more interactive, with students accessing high-definition digital resources and live lectures from anywhere. In agriculture, 5G-powered IoT devices can monitor crop health, soil moisture levels, and weather patterns, leading to more efficient and sustainable farming practices
For small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the adoption of 5G technology is especially significant. These businesses often struggle with limited resources and infrastructure. However, the high-speed and reliable connectivity provided by 5G can help them access markets, reduce operational costs, and scale quickly. By embracing digital tools powered by 5G, SMEs can streamline supply chains, improve customer engagement, and increase operational efficiency
**Credit Tech Funnel****Cost Savings for SMEs**
The introduction of 5G in Ghana presents immense cost-saving potential for businesses, particularly SMEs. With the new technology, businesses can minimize downtime, optimize resource management, and lower the cost of conducting operations across multiple platforms. The enhanced connectivity enables businesses to make use of cloud computing and edge computing in more effective ways, reducing the need for on-premises hardware and cutting down on IT infrastructure costs. Additionally, 5G’s ability to handle massive data sets means that businesses can quickly analyze information and make data-driven decisions that would have previously taken much longer and been more expensive.
**The Role of Soleil Consults’ NubianBiz.Com in Ghana’s 5G Journey**
The transformation spurred by 5G is also an opportunity for businesses across Africa, particularly through platforms like NubianBiz.Com. This online platform is poised to facilitate the growth of businesses by connecting them to the tools they need to harness the power of the digital economy. For Ghana, NubianBiz.Com can empower local entrepreneurs and SMEs by providing access to e-commerce, financial services and business management solutions. With the rollout of 5G, NubianBiz.Com will be able to offer faster, more reliable services that will enable businesses to scale quickly, access international markets and seamlessly integrate with the global economy.
Moreover, as we transition toward Web 3.0, NubianBiz.Com’s role becomes even more critical. Web 3.0 will leverage decentralized technologies such as blockchain, AI, and machine learning to empower users with more control over their digital identities and transactions. As 5G sets the stage for greater digital connectivity, platforms like NubianBiz.Com can offer the tools necessary to integrate Web 3.0 technologies into local businesses, providing an edge in the global marketplace.
**Using 5G for Meaningful Change**
As Ghanaians and Africans prepare to embrace 5G, it is crucial that the technology be used in ways that benefit society. Beyond simply speeding up the internet, 5G should be harnessed to solve Africa’s unique challenges. From bridging the education gap in rural areas to improving healthcare delivery, the potential is vast. It is essential that businesses, governments, and individuals use 5G as a tool for innovation, social progress, and sustainable development.
Instead of focusing on trivial uses of the technology, we must channel it toward solving real-world problems—whether by improving public sector services, enhancing agricultural productivity, or creating job opportunities for the youth. Through conscious and strategic adoption, 5G can become a powerful force in reshaping the African continent.
In conclusion, the launch of 5G in Ghana marks a significant turning point in the country’s digital journey. It holds the promise of unlocking economic growth, improving connectivity, and enhancing the overall business ecosystem. For businesses, particularly SMEs, the technology provides opportunities to cut costs, optimize operations and scale quickly. Platforms like NubianBiz.Com are positioned to play a key role in this transformation, helping local businesses integrate new technologies and prepare for Web 3.0. As Ghana and Africa at large embrace 5G, it is crucial that the technology be used for meaningful societal benefits—driving innovation, fostering economic growth and improving the lives of millions.
E-commerce in Africa has grown exponentially, becoming a critical driver of economic transformation. In the next article, we will examine the historical development of e-commerce in Ghana and across Africa, highlighting current trends. Please don’t miss it!
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.
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### [The Importance of Fulfilling, Purposeful Work: Finding Joy Beyond Just Employment](https://nubianbiz.com/the-importance-of-fulfilling-purposeful-work-finding-joy-beyond-just-employment/)
**Published:** November 8, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Since the advent of man on planet earth, he has been working. And up to today, work is seen as a necessity to survive in the world. Indeed, without adequate employment how could one provide for himself and his dependants? Obviously, then, we all need good employment and its good monetary reward to function properly in society. Some claim that “Money is the root of all evil” by misquoting what today appears in 1Timothy 6:10 in the Holy Scriptures. Yet, that text warns against, not money, but “the love of money”. Elsewhere in the Scriptures, King Solomon, himself the richest man in the world then, wrote that “money is a defence” or a protection. (Ecclesiastes 7:12, KJV) So it is good to work and earn good money to provide necessities, enjoyment and even some luxuries.
**Satisfying work**
However, how do you make your employees view their work? As a source of joy or a source of heartache and even sickness? We have every reason to believe that work is supposed to be satisfying and fulfilling. It has to be enjoyable. Why so? That is because it aligns with human needs for purpose, autonomy, and connection. Enjoyable work allows individuals to feel motivated and engaged, increasing productivity and creativity as people are more willing to invest energy and ideas when tasks are interesting and enjoyable. Satisfaction in work arises when tasks match personal strengths and provide a sense of accomplishment, fostering pride in one’s contributions and bolstering mental well-being. Fulfillment in the workplace occurs when individuals feel their work makes a meaningful impact, resonates with personal values, and offers growth opportunities. Collectively, these qualities create a positive feedback loop that benefits both individuals and organizations, leading to a more resilient, committed, and innovative workforce.
No wonder the average person loves to work. How would your life be without work? Would you enjoy waking up in the morning without any plan of working and rather just eat, listen to music or watch movies and sleep again before the evening? Maybe, even your last leave was so boring to you. Suddenly the time that used to fly at the office had now become stagnant! Work is good. Besides, it is great to, not just work, but be busy, be occupied at work. Maybe you would identify with my experience to illustrate why:
I did my [national service](htpp://www.nss.gov.gh/) with a government department. You can imagine my enthusiasm waking up every morning and proudly dressing up for work in a shirt and a tie only to get to work and do next-to-nothing. My assignment for the whole day was to go through the news papers and clip articles that related to my department. Another was for my boss to send me to either buy him cola nuts or ‘Kofi brokeman’ (roasted plantain and groundnut). You have no idea how guilty I felt whenever I was returning home and would greet neighbors and family and they would say “Ayekoo”! (in Ghana, “Ayekoo” is an expression used to congratulate someone for their effort or success. It translates roughly to “well done” or “good job” and is often said to acknowledge a job well done, particularly in situations that require hard work or dedication. It’s a gesture of respect and encouragement, showing appreciation for the person’s effort or achievement. The recipient would then respond “Yaaye,” in acceptance). Could I say “yaaye” when I knew that I did not do any job? And mind you, sitting idle and chatting with fellow service personnel and other workers the whole day–and some times dosing off–was more stressful than a busy schedule! I always came home exhausted, ironically.
Rewarding work is therefore a blessing, not a curse. And a reasonable busy work schedule is very satisfying. At least there is some joy and pride that come with accomplishment. Such feelings are unknown to the lazy person who deprives himself of hard work.
It is therefore very imperative that in designing tasks for the workplace, management takes into consideration the environment, processes, procedures and resources–beyond a beautifully designed and air-conditioned office– that must be made available to make work both challenging and yet pleasurable.
**The reality**
The importance of work and the satisfaction derived therefrom notwithstanding, the work of a lot of people is viewed by them simply as nothing less than a curse. There are so many career people who are so stressed-out that they are not able to even enjoy the sunrise and sunset in the morning and evening respectively. And even when they see them, there is so much on their mind that they hardly take note. Many also earn the money they have always dreamed of but never have enough time to enjoy it.
However, this stress from work is not only limited to a busy schedule. Sometimes it has to do with what one endures before he gets to work, while working and when returning from work such as the traffic jam or having to wake up at 4.00am or earlier without enough sleep. This has given birth to ‘dashboard dining’—eating and driving at the same time. Just last two weeks I saw a certain career lady having her launch in a traffic jam!
What can management do to lighten the load on employees? How can they make work more pleasurable and fun—in fact make the workplace inspiring and humane—i.e. promoting creativity and innovation while reducing stress? Before answering these questions, let us address a few more reasons why the work of majority of people has become a constant source of stress.
**Work–a constant source of stress**
The first I identify is work that is *discrete and repetitive in nature*. One of my friends said that working with a certain enviable and dominant service provider in the services sector in Ghana makes one dumb. Why so? He said the institutions that provide that type of service do not encourage initiative. Work is made up of simply following procedures handed down by an ‘all-knowing’ Board. Hence to him, a smart person would not work for more than five (5) years with such institutions. Such types of work easily bore and depress persons who love to take initiatives in innovative and creative ways.
*Competition* for promotion is yet another source of dissatisfaction. In an environment where everyone is competing to outwit the other for a promotion and/or a raise, such strife only adds unnecessary pressure that can impact negatively on job satisfaction and meaningful relationships. Competitive people are never content with their lot in life—a major source of depression.
Next is the effect of *deadly work schedules* on familial and social relationships. One with an excessively busy schedule hardly has enough quality time to spend with family and friends. Spouses only talk about necessary things on phone while at work. And when at home, both are so tired they are eager to go to bed early to prepare for the next day. Children hardly get to sit at the dinner table with parents to share the day’s experiences. And the week-ends do not help either, with sometimes more work or funerals and weddings to attend. This often leads to weak relationships between spouses and between parents and their children, thus adding more stress.
Further, excessively busy work schedules cause health problems. Chronic stress may lead to a break-down of the immune system, opening the way for related health problems.
In view of all the foregoing, what can management do to make work more enjoyable; make the workplace more inspiring, humane and human?
**A Paradigm Shift**
I do not intend to waste our time on large organisations. These normally respond very slowly to change and are very satisfied with the status-quo. Our focus will be on modern adventurous and revolutionary-thinking micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSME’s) who wish to make their management styles and practices come more in tune with the realities of today; those who really want to make their workplaces inspiring places to work. While at it, let us close our school text-books for the time being and assume we know nothing.
Are you ready for the paradigm shift? What paradigm shift are we talking about? It is this—virtualization. With globalization comes virtualization. Due to improved telecommunications and transportation systems, we have for several years now been talking about globalization—the worldwide interdependence of people and countries. Globalization has made it possible to know by the second events going on around the globe. Globalization has also made the effects of an event at one part of the world affect the other parts, as was demonstrated by the global financial melt-down in the late 2000s and the spread of diseases such as the recent global covid-19 pandemic.
In 2012 I stated the following in my column [The Business Strategy Analyst](htpp://www.youtube.com/@JulesNTokoli) in the [Business & Financial Times](htpp://thebftonline.com/), Ghana: “To the extent that we have been globalised, is it not time we also worked from anywhere in the world irrespective of national and language barriers–virtualization? Certainly! And that is what Web 2.0 has made possible, coming to the rescue, as it were. The time is fast-approaching when all of those huge office complexes we see in our cities and big towns, such as those in what has come to be called the ‘banking enclave’ in Accra will be turned into hotels and apartment buildings. The shopping malls and banking halls will also become warehouses for online supermarkets and malls. Those who prepare now will reap the most dividends. Those who nostalgically hold on to the past, as it is in the case of large organizations, will simply evaporate. Hence, as an MSME this is the time your management style and thinking changed to accommodate the new wind that is blowing across the globe.”
The COVID-19 pandemic forced corporations worldwide to adopt modern technology rapidly, enabling employees to work remotely. Statistics show that by April 2020, around 88% of companies globally had mandated or encouraged remote work, according to Gartner. Tools like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, and Slack became essential for communication and collaboration, leading to an upsurge in demand for cloud-based services; Microsoft reported a 775% increase in cloud service usage in affected areas. This shift impacted commercial real estate significantly, as large corporations reduced their office space requirements, causing a notable decline in demand for office leases. In the U.S., for instance, office vacancy rates rose sharply, reaching nearly 18% by early 2021, per CBRE data. This situation not only underscored the flexibility and resilience of remote work technology but also highlighted a more efficient, adaptable workforce model.
Despite the successful adaptation to remote work technology, many large corporations are now returning to traditional office models, pulling employees back to physical locations. Data from a 2022 Gallup poll reveals that nearly half of all remote-capable jobs are now hybrid or fully on-site again, as companies revert to pre-pandemic practices. This reluctance to fully embrace modernized work structures may stem from corporate cultural inertia or perceived challenges in managing a dispersed workforce.
Small businesses, however, should take a different approach, leveraging remote work technology to save costs on real estate, access a broader talent pool, and improve employee satisfaction. By adopting a modern, flexible work model, small businesses can set a competitive example and avoid the overhead and rigidity that may increasingly disadvantage large corporations in a tech-forward world.
In your business plan, what IT technology have you planned to employ in executing your business processes and operations? What IT technology do you intend to deploy for management processes? What is your human resource plan like? If IT technology is missing, and if your human resource plan is like what pertains in today’s large organizations, then this is my humble advice: Go chuck it into the next fire you see! If you do not do that, your business will suffer that fate soon—chucked into the fire. Do I sound apocalyptic? Well, that is the reality with Web 3.0 in the offing. Due in part to the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), Web 3.0 is anticipated to surpass Web 2.0 by being more open, decentralized, and ultimately more useful.
Thus instead of investing monies in rent and what Ghanaian landlords call ‘goodwill’, why not employ IT technology that permits you and your employees to work virtually? This may seem simplistic but it is here to stay. In fact many companies in the world are already operating virtually. Granted, this may pose certain issues regarding supervision and job performance. But those can be surmounted.
Let us look at supervision. To begin with, who deceives you into believing that you can adequately supervise today’s knowledge worker with your physical presence? Such a belief is self-defeating. It may sound O.K in the 1800’s and in modern manufacturing or a construction setting but not in the 21st Century office! You would rather be able to monitor your employee’s performance and adequately reward that through virtual workplaces since you are better placed to track his activities online. He is also free to experiment and become more innovative and creative in his task. This way, you save your worker the stress of you breathing on the back of his neck and allow him to work whenever he can and how. All you do is consult with him and agree on task to be performed and a deadline. Whether he works from the beach or on public transportation at 2.00am or 9.00pm is left to him to decide. And work progress can always be viewed by the supervisor from any location around the globe while giving needed direction as may be warranted. This way, you will save your employee all the hassles we mentioned at the outset of this article.
Regarding performance, since there are predetermined time parameters set and agreed upon by both you and the employee, his meeting those deadlines plus achieving what is required of him become the basis of his pay, and not because he spent eight (8) hours or more on your premises idling about and adding to cost.
**Strategies to make the workplace more inspiring**
*Consulting with your employee* can make your workplace more inspiring. The process should comprise when to work and target to reach. This may seem absurd to many a business owner or manager today. He may reason that he hired the employee and knows what he requires of him; hence the employee has no choice but to obey. Yes obedience is good. But are you aware that we have come out of the master-slave relationship era? Although many organisations still operate in that mode, it is now certainly outmoded. In today’s technological age, information is no longer the preserve of top management, the influential, the professor and the rich. Web 2.0 has made available several tools that make easy sharing of information and its access unprecedented in human history. Thus in today’s ‘knowledge worker world’, the relationship between employer and employee should be that of partnership and not master-slave.
As a sequel to the above, to make the workplace more inspiring, *strategy formulation should be participatory*, with everyone having an equal say. However, this can only succeed when there is a true ‘citizenship’ culture at the workplace. There are certain employees who are made by their employers to feel that they are citizens of the organization when in reality, they are not part of the decision-making process.
Take for example an employee of a large institution who is simply implementing what has been handed down to him by top management. When a customer complains, he tries to shield his employers by saying that he is also part of the organization so s/he is liable to sharing the blame. The reality, though, is that this employee was not part of the boardroom discussions or at least represented during the formulation of such a policy but has been brain-washed into thinking that he is part of the organization, hence his readiness to bear the spleen of the customer. This is what Karl Marx would call ‘false consciousness’. How better it would be if this employee, since he has direct contact with the customer, is included or represented in the decision-making process! Then there would not be an ‘all-knowing’ Board that pretends to ‘know’ customers’ needs better than anyone else and force obnoxious procedures and processes on employees and customers alike.
Next, *avoid being driven purely by materialistic goals*. Sure, your business is not a charity. And you are in business to make money. However, if you think your profit is more important to you than your employees, you would simply be putting the symbolic cart before the horse. Your employees would be de-motivated and that profit may never come. Here is a practical example:
While working as marketing/sales executive for a company after graduating from the university, I went to a meeting with the managing director of a popular supermarket chain for a presentation. After all the hard work of preparation with the support of my boss, I went into this meeting only for my lap-top to refuse to boot! Uncharacteristically, this MD began hurling abuses and curses at me. Calmly, I packed and left, despondent. While on my way back to the office I worried about the disappointment my boss might feel and express. What a relief it was when, after relating the incident to him, all he said was: “Don’t worry; you can’t always get it right. You can win some deals and lose others so just cheer-up!” That was more morale-boosting for me than a heavier pay-cheque. If that boss were obsessed with me meeting my target, he could have ended up discouraging me the more.
There are so many salespeople out there who do not in the least enjoy their work because they are being treated by management as slaves. The Board sit and decide they have to make so much profit by the end of the year and force this down the throat of the sales manager who in turn forces it down that of the salesperson without taking cognizance of the realities on the ground. If this attitude is not selfish and self-destructive, I do not know what it is! Such a practice must be eschewed in today’s management since it tends to overly stress employees out. And a stressed-out, depressed employee whose job is on the line can never be innovative and creative.
I sometimes wonder why we have so much IT technology that is meant to make life easier and more fun for us and yet, we have rather become more stressed-out and depressed. This is all due to management practices that belong to the museum; practices that are not in tune with the realities of today simply because some ‘top management’ refuses to be adaptable and innovative. Such orgnisations may be doomed to failure within the next couple of decades, unless they change. And a wise, visionary entrepreneur would steer clear of that road being travelled by the many simply because it seems easier in their eyes. By doing so, he will make his workplace inspiring, fun, humane and even human.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis Part 3](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-3/)
**Published:** October 25, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Thus far, we have been discussing what true economic development means. In doing so, one approach we have been using is to sociologically analyse economic development as advanced by the West and pursued by the rest of the world. We do so by examining the five main institutions of society (political, religious, economic, marital and educational) and their respective contributions to development.
In the first two parts, we discussed the political and religious systems. Both have been found to be miserably wanting. Will the economic system live up to the task? Well, let’s see.
To begin with, we want to find out what ‘Economics’ means. Then we will figure out what the economy contributes to development.
**Definition of Economics**
A very popular definition of Economics by Lionel Robins is this: “Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between given ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.”
The ends refer to what one wants to achieve. The means is how to achieve those ends; the factors required for production. And by this definition, the means are scarce. And this is what brings about the problem of economics: What goods and services to produce, how can they be produced and for whom should they be produced.
Thus at the heart of economics lies a fundamental challenge: the scarcity of resources. This scarcity means that the finite resources available are insufficient to meet all human wants and needs. While wants represent desires that can be deferred or forgone, needs are essential requirements for survival and well-being.
This scarcity creates a pressing dilemma: how to allocate limited resources to satisfy unlimited desires. Economics seeks to address this problem by exploring various methods and possibilities for allocating resources efficiently. By examining the complex interplay between resources, production, and human desires, economics aims to provide solutions to the economic problem, ensuring that resources are utilized in the most effective way possible to meet the needs and wants of individuals and societies.
**Economic Problem?**
Is there really a problem of scarcity of resources? That is highly debatable. Some would refer to the resources of the earth such as oil, mineral resources and even soil fertility. Others would also cite land, labour and capital as scarce resources
However, let me once again quote the wisdom that set the tone for this series: “This is all that I have learned: God made us plain and simple, but we have made ourselves very complicated.”—Ecclesiastes 7:29 (Good News Bible)
> Greed is the number one problem of true economics. An economy that is able to regulate greed in their system will have already resolved about 80% of their economic challenges. The aggregate success in this regard at the world level would mean life would be better for the masses.
The truth is that there’s nothing like *true* scarcity! Do you call it scarcity if the Organisation for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) greedily decides to cut back production so as to increase the price of fuel and thereby increase their income? Or when a ‘developed’ country decides to pay farmers what they would earn if they produced so they don’t have to farm in a specific year to keep food prices high?
Is it not greed and wickedness that bring about the so-called problem of economics? If every individual would just consume what he actually needed and make the rest available to the rest of mankind would we have the word ‘scarcity’ in our vocabulary? Or if all of us were truly industrious and did away with sloth would there be food shortages? And if we had not made our lives complex or complicated would we be lacking?
The rain falls when it’s due. The sun is faithful to rise up and give light and heat necessary for both plant and human/ animal life. The waters are stocked with adequate fish. Nature thus makes everything sufficiently available. Where then is the scarcity, than that we are greedy and wicked?
We are living in a world where almost everyone wants to have everything to ourselves—from individuals to nations. As a result, we greedily scramble for all the wealth that we can obtain. Our wants have thus become numerous and industry seeks to satisfy them for the gain of business and the economy. Yet as you well know, greed is insatiable. Thus when economics says human wants can never be satisfied it is actually admitting to the quality of greed! Should economics, then, concern itself with how ‘scarce’ resources can be allocated to produce those goods and services or rather be tampering with the greedy nature of people that leads to the excessive exploitation of those resources? Should that be left in the hands of the ‘invisible’ hand of the interactions between the forces of demand and supply?
In a system where in the name of laissez-faire economics that engenders unbridled competition all the wealth finds itself in the hands of just a few and the knowledgeable seek to conceal what they know for the sake of financial gain should we be surprised if there’s so much poverty, sicknesses and death that could otherwise be prevented? Once again is there *really* an economic problem as defined traditionally? Let’s now take a look at the real problem of economics.
**The True Problem of Economics**
Is it possible to develop in anarchy? What about deceit? Is condescension beneficial for development? We can answer these fundamental questions of development only if we appreciate the root cause of the woes of humankind.
As I mentioned earlier, greed is the number one problem of true economics. An economy that is able to regulate greed in their system will have already resolved about 80% of their economic challenges. The aggregate success in this regard at the world level would mean life would be better for the masses.
> The spirit of competition has also done a great deal of disservice to the world’s economy. Competition is held as one of the basics of economics. However, wisdom would tell us that collaboration is more productive. Competition has deepened the greed to acquire more and produce more. And that has further spurred on the excessive exploitation of earth’s resources. No wonder the worlds ‘developed’ countries are also the worst culprits of environmental degradation, thus threatening the very existence of humanity.
In a system where some businesses and individuals become insatiable with wealth to the detriment of the environment, and some, if not most, go as far as bribing public officials in order to get their way would you call it ‘development’? Usually when discussing issues like this many are quick to point to developing nations as those endemic with such problems. Yet, is it not true that even in so-called developed countries worse things happen both at the corporate and individual levels? True, they have systems and tools that enable them check and sometimes apprehend most of those involved in such crimes. Yet, even if they do, that does not root out greed, and the irreversible harm would’ve been visited on society.
A truly developed economy would be made up of developed/civilized people. These developed people would all be morally upright. These would learn to do the right things not because the law will catch up with them but because they have a conscience. That should be the fundamental problem for true economics to solve.
**The Economy**
As we have been discussing, the fundamentals of economics which establish the economy are themselves wanting. Economic development should therefore be looked at more holistically.
Materialism has become the main determinant of who a developed economy is. Thus indices such as the rate of inflation, GDP, reserves and the like have been used as the basis for measuring the success or otherwise of an economy. Yet there are many other factors that should be taken into account when gauging an economy’s development. An economy with a high rate of crime, violence, divorce, youth delinquency, drug abuse, depression, stress and so on cannot be said to be developed. All such factors determine the quality of life of the citizenry. A truly developed country should be able to eliminate all this.
The spirit of competition has also done a great deal of disservice to the world’s economy. Competition is held as one of the basics of economics. However, wisdom would tell us that collaboration is more productive.
Competition has deepened the greed to acquire more and produce more. And that has further spurred on the excessive exploitation of earth’s resources. No wonder the worlds ‘developed’ countries are also the worst culprits of environmental degradation, thus threatening the very existence of humanity.
Certainly, then, what economics is and how economies should operate need to be redefined. A paradigm shift from what Western hegemony has advanced over the years is urgently needed for true development. It would therefore be wise for ‘developed’ nations to eschew their condescension. And instead of finding ways to entrench their ‘superiority’ by dictating to and stifling ‘developing economies, they should rather be sitting down at the table as partners to chart a better system of economics.
What Western hegemony has done over the years is to suffocate the plurality of ideas among partners of development. The precarious nature of the world economy today is a testimony to that truth. Is anyone listening? The next part in the series will be addressing the marital/family institution. Please make it a point to ‘catch’ it.
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis Part 2](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis-part-2/)
**Published:** October 18, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
*“Religion is the opium of the people”—Karl Marx*
In the first part in this series, I discussed the political institution of society, and briefly examined democracy as promoted by the West to see whether this institution has lived up to expectation in development. In this article, our attention is on another institution of society, religion.
**The Religious Institution**
Religion is very important in any society. As we grow, we seek to find out why we are here and where we are going. Also why do things happen the way they do and how did this awesome universe and all that fills it come to be. To find the answers society generally tells us that there’s a God who made all things. And that God should be worshiped. Depending on where we are raised and the religion our parents belong to, we adopt a certain belief system and certain practices.
Religion, since it claims to lead to God and teaches that God is loving, should normally lead society to a state of inner peace for individuals, and peace and love among people. But has that been the case?
In traditional democracy as practiced by indigenous Africans, the priesthood is very crucial in guiding the king in his decisions and way of ruling. Similarly, in Western democracy, political leadership has often looked up to religious heads for guidance and blessings in their vocation. Yet, in all this, has religion really lived up to expectation by helping society to develop? Let’s see.
**Religion and War**
Should religion support war? Some say ‘yes’. And they have justification for it. As I stated in the first part in this series, the quest for power under the guise of making life easier for peoples has often led to bloody results by nations seeking to dominate others. Usually, throughout human history, religion has supported those wars of selfishness.
In a fashion amenable to what Karl Marx said and as quoted above, when religion gets involved in warfare, fervuor is whipped. We hear statements like “Go and defend your nation in the name of God”. “Capture those savages and turn them over to God” and so forth.
Thus, with the blessing of their religious heads, heads of states and their armies often with the support of the citizenry get to war to either offend, defend or avenge. What has been the result?
No matter who wins the war, both sides tend to be losers. Lives are lost, farmlands and other properties are destroyed, and enmities are deepened. Sometimes there are disease outbreaks and famine. These results, coupled with others take the development of such nations several years backwards. With religion at the helm of affairs can we say that it has been a force for good in development?
Apart from wars that are egged on by religious fervour, there are also those that are directly religious in nature. Mention the Crusades for example that involved wars between Christians and Muslims. Even within countries, religions clash with each other with bloody results as is happening in Northern Nigeria, the Middle East and as did happen in Ireland. Do these wars help development? No wonder many have concluded wrongly that God is cruel since all of this happens in his name.
**Religion and Oppression**
The role of religion, specifically Christianity in colonization has been nothing but villainy. Appearing to be doves, these missionaries succeeded in aiding the political powers of their lands to suppress and oppress peoples, treating them like animals. They also used the Holy Bible to justify the slave trade, concluding that Blacks were an accursed race.
So, would you call it development when religion helped colonial powers and slave merchants to recruit cheap labour to develop their nations amidst murder, rape, torture and other barbaric acts? Is that true development? But what about religious values?
**The Protestant Work Ethic**
Max Weber’s seminal work, “The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism,” introduces the concept of the Protestant Work Ethic. This ethic posits that the rigorous Protestant view of work significantly contributed to the development of several nations, including Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States.
At its core, the Protestant Work Ethic emphasizes hard work as an essential aspect of one’s calling and worldly success. This emphasis, rooted in Calvinist theology, views hard work not as a means to achieve salvation but as a visible manifestation of already-received salvation.
Martin Luther’s reforms played a pivotal role in shaping this ethic. Luther reconceptualized worldly work as a duty that benefits both individuals and society, transforming the Catholic notion of good works into an obligation to work diligently as a sign of divine grace.
In contrast to Catholicism, which considers good works necessary for salvation, Protestant reformers taught that good works are a consequence of salvation already received through faith in Jesus. Calvinist and Lutheran theologians further emphasized that salvation is granted solely by grace, through faith, and to those predestined.
Since predestination was considered unknowable, Protestants sought signs of election in their daily lives. Hard work and frugality emerged as key indicators of being among the elect. As a result, Protestants embraced these values, striving to be obedient to God and demonstrate their gratitude for salvation.
The Protestant Work Ethic has profoundly influenced the cultural and economic landscape of Protestant countries, fostering a strong work ethic and contributing to their “development”.
Let’s grant that this work ethic helped develop the respective countries of its adherents. Yet, as noted earlier, these same religious people engineered, participated in and supported colonization and the slave trade. Besides, what has been the result of this work ethic? Materialism and consumerism!
In today’s world, many people still hold that material prosperity is a gift from God. As a result, many people do all sorts of things to give that outward appearance that they have been blessed by God; that they are good worshippers. Yet, it is this same pattern of life that has led to the gradual destruction of planet earth! Apart from that, driven towards material success, people have become stressed-out and are dying younger. Is this true development?
**What Is Your Conclusion?**
Many influential people still view religion as very important in developmental issues. For example, in an interview with Kim Lawton for pbs.org, James Wolfensohn, former President of the World Bank was asked about his efforts at roping in religious leaders in the fight against poverty. The following is an extract from his response:
“Once we got them talking, as you know better than I they don’t always share secrets with one another about what they’re doing because in a sense there is a competitive element amongst religious leaders. But when you get to the question of humanity and the question of poverty, I found that the competitive element disappeared and we were able to talk about these fundamental humanitarian issues on a very even basis, and it was one of the great experiences of my life chairing those meetings.
“The most broadly based access to the developing world is through religious people. There are more of them out there. They’ve been there longer. They know the countries. They’re installed locally. They don’t all sit in a big office in the headquarters. They’re out in the field. And so, it is a tragedy if they are not embraced, in my opinion, in the overall development process. “It is not as though Islam, Judaism, or Christianity are monolithic. They’re not. And so, I think you can, at the fringes, and at the margins and on particular issues, you can get help from the religious community. But I don’t think it is very easy to get them to come up with the solution for you.”
Given the checkered and largely uncomplimentary historical impact of religion on development, what do you conclude: Is religion a force for good in economic development? Let’s get talking.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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### [Development Revisited: A Sociological and Managerial Analysis](https://nubianbiz.com/development-revisited-a-sociological-and-managerial-analysis/)
**Published:** October 4, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Economic development—this is the quest of almost every progressive individual, group of people, nation, and continent and for that matter the world at large. This quest for development has brought about joy and sorrow, hope and despair, progress and retrogression, friendliness and hostility, and the paradox list goes on….
So, come to think of it: Does mankind really understand development? Do the development agendas of our rulers and decision makers really make for progress? In fact, what kind of development do we pursue; true development or false development? And at the expense of what?
These are some of the very important questions that we all as individuals, leaders and nations need to ponder over as we yearn for development.
**Western Hegemony—a good example?**
Who sets the standard of development? Well, in his inaugural address as post war president of the United States of America, this is what Harry Truman reportedly said:
“More than half the people of the world are living in conditions approaching misery. Their food is inadequate, they are victims of disease. Their economic life is primitive and stagnant. Their poverty is handicap and a threat both to them and to more prosperous areas.
“For the first time in history humanity possesses the knowledge and the skill to relieve the suffering of these people…
I believe that we should make available to peace-loving peoples the benefits of our store of technical knowledge in order to help them realize their aspirations for a better life…What we envisage is a program of development based on the concepts of democratic fair dealing…Greater production is the key to prosperity and peace. And the key to greater production is a wider and more vigorous application of modern scientific and technical knowledge.”– Text of the Speech in *Department of State Bulletin*, January 30, 1949, p. 123
Not only the United States, but the rest of the Western world have also joined in promoting their paradigm of economic development. No wonder a synonym for ‘development’ is ‘westernization’. The result is that most, if not all developing economies have looked up to Western hegemony as the model of development. But are they really a good example?
Granted, the West have made very impressive strides in technology, medicine, food production, transportation, social welfare (now variably under threat though), education and so on. They are far ahead of ‘developing nations’. Yet, have they been truly able to improve the lives of their citizenry that they can be called “developed”? Have they succeeded in making their peoples most secure and the happiest? What about the eradication of diseases, both old and new ones, have they achieved it? And what about crime? Are family lives better and happier?
Using the United Nations as a mouthpiece, they trumpeted some very laudable goals to be attained by the year 2000 during the last two decades of the 20th Century especially. Among them were: “Food for all by the year 2000”; “Health for all by the year 2000” and so on. Over two decades into the 21st Century what has been accomplished; have they been successful? or they have woefully failed?
In life, love is the most important basic need of humanity right from conception. Can we say that that quality is more pervasive in Western countries and that there are no savages there?
Granted, some are doing better in certain arenas than others. But again, on the whole, is the ‘development’ of the West really development? Is the provision of adequate and affordable medical facilities development? I thought development should even make them unnecessary by eradicating sickness altogether. Is it development when there are many forms of communication technologies yet there are so much misunderstanding and fights? Is it development when the rich is getting richer and the poor is getting poorer?
All that they have demonstrated over and over again over the years is a façade which has been summed up beautifully and succinctly for thousands of years in the truism stated at the outset of this article. It is therefore unwise to follow such a pattern of development.
To enable us further examine the health of economic development as advanced by the West and pursued by the rest of the world, we will look at it from two perspectives: Sociologically and Managerially.
**A Sociological Analysis**
To do this analysis, I would want to approach it from the five basic institutions that, according to sociology, form society; political, religious, economic, marital and educational.
The **Political Institution**. Political leadership is very crucial for true development. How has this institution of society fared over the centuries? This is also very beautifully and succinctly answered by Karl Marx when he said in his Communist Manifesto:
“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles”
In a bid to rule over their fellowman, political entities have often been despotic and in some cases even barbaric just so they can stump their authority. The poor and powerless have always been vulnerable, being oppressed by their rulers without anyone to speak up for them. This has been true in all cultures; African, Western and otherwise.
The struggle that ensued between the classes has often led to a new form of economic system and rulership, as Marx explained, employing the dialectics theory of Georg Hegel (I state this advisedly since some do not credit Georg Hegel with the theory). That theory holds that when two classes struggle against each other (thesis and antithesis), that struggle eventually
results in synthesis which is a higher and a better epoch. Yet, time and again, new conflicts arise in no time thus bringing about a new struggle between another set of thesis and antithesis.
The quest for power under the guise of making life easier or better for citizens has often led to bloody results. We can see this demonstrated in the wars fought by powerful kingdoms who sought to form empires out of other nations. It has also been amply displayed in the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and colonialism.
In our day, almost every nation is clamouring for democracy. And those nations that are not amenable to that system of government are seduced, coerced, vilified and so on to accept it. Sometimes their citizens excite themselves against the powers that be to get them to adopt it, as demonstrated in the Arab Spring and the current developments in especially West Africa. But does democracy really meet the needs of mankind?
As noted earlier, the Western countries, among who are the citadels of democracy have miserably failed to eradicate diseases, crime, and hatred and so on within their own jurisdictions. And presently, most of them are in economic woes.
Also, even though democracy has commendably made the guarantee of several freedoms possible, it has also succeeded in promoting dastardly lifestyles, behaviours and attitudes that are against the collective human conscience and which further plunge the society of humans into moral morass. No wonder society is in such a huge mess!
So what do you think, can democracy really fix the quagmire of political leadership that the world is in? Very likely, your guess is as good as mine. In that case, how could there ever be true development under democracy?
In the next part, we will continue with an analysis of another institution of society, Religion to enable us see if it has really lived up to expectation to elevate its adherents to true enlightenment and development. Please don’t miss it.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy and Management among others.*
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**Categories:** Economics, Society
---
### [Protect Your Identity Online!](https://nubianbiz.com/protect-your-identity-online/)
**Published:** June 24, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In the not too distant past, we spoke of security mainly in terms of our person and property. But with the onset of the internet came the need for another kind of security—web security.
The internet is an extremely useful tool. Since its commercialization in 1995, it has revolutionized in previously unimaginable ways the way we communicate and share/receive information. The internet has also changed the way we acquire goods and services and do business; and all this at relatively affordable costs.
However, the Internet can also be a very dangerous place. There are many criminals out there, just as there are in real life, that seek to exploit the internet to their own selfish advantage. And usually, these criminals do well in hiding their identity to avoid detection.
In recent times, many of these criminals have been secretly installing malware such as spyware on unsuspecting users’ computers in order to steal personal information. They also employ spoofing and phishing in order to steal identity largely for financial reasons.
Some of my clients have suffered from this phenomenon. And I know many others have. In fact, I didn’t intend to write this article at this time but had to because just last week, I received an email that, but for my awareness of this dastardly act, would have tricked me. So I thought to share this piece of information with readers who may not know how to protect themselves from these predators. I would try to, as much as possible, summarize and break things down to the understanding of the less tech-savvy. Thus before I proceed, let’s understand a few terms that will be recurring in the article.
Terminology
*Spoofing Attack:* “In the context of network security, a spoofing attack is a situation in which one person or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data and thereby gaining an illegitimate advantage.”—Wikipedia
Phishing: “Phishing is a way of attempting to acquire information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Communications purporting to be from popular social web sites, auction sites, online payment processors or IT administrators are commonly used to lure the unsuspecting public.
“Phishing is typically carried out by e-mail spoofing or instant messaging, and it often directs users to enter details at a fake website whose look and feel are almost identical to the legitimate one. Phishing is an example of social engineering techniques used to deceive users, and exploits the poor usability of current web security technologies. Attempts to deal with the growing number of reported phishing incidents include legislation, user training, public awareness, and technical security measures.”—Wikipedia
SSL: “Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols that provide communication security over the Internet. TLS and SSL encrypt the segments of network connections above the Transport Layer, using asymmetric cryptography for key exchange, symmetric encryption for privacy, and message authentication codes for message integrity.” – Wikipedia
“Malware, short for malicious software, consists of programming (code, scripts, active content, and other software) designed to disrupt or deny operation, gather information that leads to loss of privacy or exploitation, gain unauthorized access to system resources, and other abusive behavior. The expression is a general term used by computer professionals to mean a variety of forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software or program code.
Software is considered to be malware based on the perceived intent of the creator rather than any particular features. Malware includes computer viruses, worms, trojan horses, spyware, dishonest [adware](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adware), [scareware](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scareware), [crimeware](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimeware), most [rootkits](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootkit), and other malicious and unwanted software or program.”—Wikipedia
“Spyware is a type of malware that can be installed on computers, and which collects small pieces of information about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user, and can be difficult to detect. Typically, spyware is secretly installed on the user’s personal computer. Sometimes, however, spywares such as [keyloggers](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keylogger) are installed by the owner of a shared, corporate, or public computer on purpose in order to secretly monitor other users.” —Wikipedia
###
htpp://videopress.com/v/Tq9gUapF?resizeToParent=true&cover=true&preloadContent=metadata&useAverageColor=true
Security Demo
### Subject: Warning!!!
TO: More recipients
CC: recipientsYou More
BCC: recipientsYou
FROM: yahoo–account–services–ca@cc.yahoo-inc.com
Message flagged
Thursday, November 23, 2023 9:18 AM
### Message body
Your two incoming mails were placed on pending status due to the recent upgrade to our database,
In order to recieve the messages Click here to login and wait for responds from Yahoo.
We apologise for any inconvenience and appreciate your understanding.
Regards,Yahoo Group.
---
The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material.
Any review, retransmission, dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited.
If you received this in Spam, please kindly move it to inbox.
Please note the following about the email: check out the spelling of receive (recieve) and response (responds) and the statement “If you received this in Spam, please kindly move it to inbox.” It can never happen that Yahoo would send a service email that would be filtered by Yahoo’s own spam filter and sort it as spam.
Some Security Precautions
In order to protect users of the Web from malware attack, spoofing and phishing, authentic web browser such as Google’s Chrome, Microsoft’s Edge browser, Mozilla Firefox, Safari and Opera have built-in phishing and malware protection. That feature warns you about web sites that are illegitimate. All the same, here are some basic stuff to keep in mind:
Whenever you access a web site that requires of you to provide information such as username and password, check in the address bar. The http:// should automatically change to htpp:// Please note the‘s’ which represents ‘security’. That assures you that the information that you are about to communicate to the server would be transmitted over a secure platform that encrypts that information as it is being sent. That way, phishers are unable to eavesdrop on the communication in order to steal your identity.
Also, depending on the kind of browser you are using and the configuration of its settings, whenever you access a web page that requires personal information, there is a padlock that displays in the status bar. A closed padlock assures you that the information you provide would be secure; whereas an open padlock means otherwise. When you click the padlock, it will give you such information as the authority that issued the SSL certificate, name of the organization it has been issued to (make sure the name the URL is the same as the one on the certificate), the validity period (usually 1 year. Be suspicious of certificates that have 3 or more years of expiry date. Though usually, an issuing authority’s web site may have up to 10 years.)
However, some attackers fake the certificate and padlock, says the National Cyber Alert System (US).Thus “A more secure way to find information about the certificate is to look for the certificate feature in the menu options. This information may be under the file properties or the security option within the page information.”— National Cyber Alert System (US)
Whenever you access a web site that requires of you to provide information such as username and password, check in the address bar. The http:// should automatically change to htpp:// Please note the ‘s’ which represents ‘security’.
In my case, below is the URL the phisher sent me to click and verify my login details: [http://www.biharonnet.com/biggboss/ReUpdate/login\_verify2.htm](http://www.biharonnet.com/biggboss/ReUpdate/login_verify2.htm). As you can see, the ‘click here’ hyperlink directs to a URL that does not belong to Yahoo. Also, there is no ‘s’ after the http. And even though the page I visited looks exactly like the login area of Yahoo mail, there is no SSL certificate installed, the padlock is thus open.
Implications
What would have happened is that when I enter my username and password, the phisher would collect them on his Web site unencrypted, use them to log into my Yahoo Mail account, and change my password. Then with this accomplished, he would use my account to his advantage such as to send spam to my contacts and others or concoct some story on my behalf that I had travelled abroad and had lost my money and would send that to all on my contact list to send me money to a specific address. Any who is spoofed by that would send the money!
How to Protect Yourself
Apart from following the checks I mentioned earlier on the browser, make your password more complex by using both lower and upper cases, symbols and numbers. Never use words that can easily be guessed such as your spouse’s name or your first child’s name. Also, whenever you suspect that you might have compromised your security, change your password immediately.
Further, never use the same password for all the sites you use. The spoofer can guess that you are on such popular sites like facebook, twitter and the like and use your identity he stole to gain access and control over the other accounts as well.
As much as possible, avoid using public computers like those at internet cafes. But if you must use them, be sure to log-out or sign-out when done. It is not enough to just close the browser. Otherwise, anyone who accesses that site with the browser you shut down would see you already signed in and can steal your identity.
Similarly, do not share any sensitive information over a free public Wi-Fi. These are usually unsecure and can easily be exploited by phishers to collect your information.
Next, curiosity can kill you. So avoid opening spam e-mails to click on links in the mail. That could easily lead to having spyware installed on your machine secretly.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com, ShopNubian dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology, Customer Service and Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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---
### [Afrobeats Frenzy: Why Ghana's Music Scene Should Concentrate on Authentic Ghanaian Music](https://nubianbiz.com/afrobeats-frenzy-why-ghanas-music-scene-should-concentrate-on-authentic-ghanaian-music/)
**Published:** June 14, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Ghana’s music scene has been on an upward trajectory in recent years, with Afrobeats and Highlife genres gaining global recognition. However, in the midst of this success, there’s a growing concern that the industry is losing its authentic Ghanaian flavor. In this article, we’ll explore why it’s crucial for Ghana’s music scene to focus on producing authentic Ghanaian music.
**The Rise of Afrobeats**
Afrobeats, a genre that originated in Nigeria, has become a global phenomenon, with artists like Wizkid, Davido, Burna Boy and Tiwa Savage leading the charge. Ghanaian artists like Sarkodie, Stonebwoy and Shatta Wale have also joined the Afrobeats bandwagon, producing hits that have resonated with fans worldwide. While this success is commendable, it’s important to note that the genre’s global appeal has led to a dilution of its authentic Ghanaian roots. How is that?
As Ghanaian artists embrace this popular genre, they risk losing the unique flavor of their local music. The blending of Afrobeats with traditional Ghanaian styles often results in a homogenized sound that lacks the distinctive character of Ghanaian music.
As Ghanaian artists adopt Afrobeats, they often abandon their cultural heritage, sacrificing traditional rhythms, melodies, and lyrics for mainstream acceptance. The global popularity of Afrobeats drives this trend, with many artists prioritizing commercial success over cultural preservation.
Rather than innovating and experimenting with their own unique sounds, Ghanaian artists may rely on established Afrobeats formulas, further diluting authentic Ghanaian music. The emphasis on Nigerian collaborations and influences also contributes to the erosion of Ghanaian cultural identity.
Furthermore, industry pressure from record labels and executives exacerbates this trend,
encouraging artists to adopt Afrobeats to appeal to a broader audience. In the process, Ghanaian artists may compromise their artistic vision, sacrificing their unique perspectives and cultural expression.
This dilution of authentic Ghanaian roots music has led to cultural erosion, making it essential for Ghanaian artists and the music industry to strike a balance between commercial appeal and cultural preservation. By doing so, they can ensure that Ghanaian music remains a vibrant and distinct cultural force.
**The Leader Becomes the Follower**
Ghanaian artistes have had a profound impact on the development of Afrobeats in Nigeria. The influence of Ghanaian music, particularly Highlife, has been a significant driving force behind the creation of this unique sound. Nigerian musicians have drawn inspiration from various aspects of Ghanaian music, including its rhythmic patterns, melodic structures, lyrical themes and instrumentation.
The incorporation of Ghanaian Highlife rhythms into Afrobeats has resulted in a distinctive fusion sound that has captivated audiences worldwide. Ghanaian melodies have also inspired Nigerian artistes, with many adopting similar melodic patterns in their songs. Additionally, the focus on storytelling and social commentary in Ghanaian music has influenced Nigerian artistes to tackle similar themes in their lyrics.
The use of traditional instruments like the gong gong, kora and gyil in Ghanaian music has also inspired Nigerian artistes
to incorporate similar instruments into their sound. Collaborations between Ghanaian and Nigerian artistes have led to the exchange of ideas and influences, further enriching the sound. The cultural exchange between the two countries has resulted in a sharing of musical ideas, with Ghanaian artistes introducing Nigerian musicians to new sounds and styles.
Notable Ghanaian artistes like E.T. Mensah, Osibisa, Amakye Dede, Kofi Sammy, Ebo Taylor, Paapa Yankson and Reggie Rockstone, among others have been a source of inspiration for Nigerian musicians like Fela Kuti, King Sunny Adé, 2Face Idibia and P-Square which then trickled down to Wizkid, Davido and Tiwa Savage. The influence of Ghanaian artistes on Nigerian Afrobeats has resulted in a rich and diverse sound that has gained worldwide recognition and acclaim. It is therefore a paradox that the leader has now started following those they inspired, leading to the loss of their authenticity.
Untitled 99**The Need for Authenticity**
The importance of authenticity in Ghanaian music cannot be overstated. When Ghanaian music is authentic, it preserves the country’s unique cultural identity, keeping traditional rhythms, melodies and lyrics alive. This authenticity also sets Ghanaian music apart from other genres, making it recognizable and valuable to listeners seeking something distinct.
Authenticity allows artists to remain true to their creative vision, expressing themselves honestly and genuinely through their music. It helps them connect with their cultural roots, drawing inspiration from their heritage and creating music that resonates with their audience. This connection to their roots also encourages innovation, as artists experiment with traditional sounds and styles to create something new and unique.
Koo NimoAuthenticity instills national pride, making Ghanaian music a symbol of cultural identity and a source of national unity. It ensures that Ghanaian music leaves a lasting legacy, contributing to the country’s cultural heritage for future generations. By being authentic, Ghanaian music differentiates itself from other genres, attracting listeners seeking something unique.
Authenticity also facilitates cultural exchange, allowing Ghanaian music to share its unique perspective with the world. It fosters artistic growth, as artists continually explore and refine their craft, producing music that is genuine and meaningful. By embracing authenticity, Ghanaian music can maintain its cultural significance, artistic value, and national pride, ensuring a vibrant and distinct musical identity that resonates with listeners both at home and abroad.
Ghana’s music scene is at a crossroads, with the choice to either continue down the path of generic Afrobeats or embrace its authentic cultural heritage. I believe that the latter is the way forward, and I urge Ghanaian artists, producers, and industry stakeholders to concentrate on producing music that truly reflects the country’s unique rhythms, melodies, and cultural traditions. By doing so, Ghana’s music scene can maintain its global relevance while preserving its cultural identity. The world is ready for authentic Ghanaian music – let’s give it to them!
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com, ShopNubian dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology, Customer Service and Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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### [Pornography Exposure and Addiction by the Youth in Ghana—A Hindrance to Economic Development](https://nubianbiz.com/pornography-exposure-and-addiction-by-the-youth-in-ghana-a-hindrance-to-economic-development/)
**Published:** June 7, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
***A Growing Concern in Ghana***
Ghana, like many other countries, is grappling with the challenges of pornography exposure and addiction among its youth. The easy accessibility to pornography through digital platforms has led to a significant increase in consumption among young people, with devastating consequences on their development and the nation’s economic growth.
***The Alarming Statistics***
According to recent studies, over 70% of Ghanaian youth between the ages of 15 and 25 have been exposed to pornography, with a significant number of them struggling with addiction. This alarming trend has raised concerns among businesses, parents, educators and policymakers, who recognize the potential harm it can cause to the development of the youth and the nation as a whole.
***The Consequences of Pornography Addiction***
Pornography exposure and addiction have been linked to a range of negative effects, including mental health issues, reduced productivity, and decreased academic performance. Young people who are addicted to pornography are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, which can hinder their ability to develop healthy relationships, achieve their academic goals and contribute positively to society.
***The Economic Implications***
The scourge of pornography addiction among Ghana’s youth poses a significant threat to the nation’s economic well-being. As young minds become enthralled by the allure of explicit content, productivity dwindles, and hours that could have been spent honing skills or contributing to the workforce are squandered. This addiction also exacts a toll on mental health, fostering depression and anxiety that drive up healthcare costs.
The effects on education are equally alarming, as exposure to pornography at a tender age hinders academic progress and diminishes future prospects. In some instances, this addiction can even lead to criminal behavior, perpetuating a cycle of violence and exploitation that further burdens the economy.
Untitled 95As addiction tightens its grip, individuals may abandon their professional pursuits, depleting the workforce and stifling economic growth. Relationships suffer, families fracture, and social services are stretched to the breaking point. The cumulative effect is a decline in economic vitality, leaving Ghana more vulnerable to cybercrime and less attractive to foreign investors.
Unless we confront this issue head-on, the consequences will reverberate throughout the economy, imperiling Ghana’s reputation as a tourist destination and discouraging foreign investment. It is imperative that we address pornography exposure and addiction among our youth to safeguard their well-being and ensure a prosperous future for our nation.
In the face of pornography addiction’s harmful grasp on young minds, a united front is crucial. Companies, parents, educators, and policymakers must join forces to equip youth with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the online world wisely.
***The Role of Companies in Combating Pornography Addiction***
Companies have a vital role to play in the fight against pornography addiction among young people. By creating resources tailored to young audiences, they can lead the charge in educating and empowering the youth to make informed choices. These resources can take various forms, such as interactive websites, educational videos and engaging social media campaigns.
Untitled 97By highlighting the devastating effects of pornography, companies can help young people understand the serious consequences of addiction, including damaged relationships, mental health issues, and decreased self-esteem. These resources can also provide young people with practical tips and strategies for avoiding pornography, managing online relationships and cultivating healthy attitudes towards sexuality.
Companies have a unique reach and influence, allowing them to disseminate these resources far and wide. They can leverage their marketing expertise to create engaging and accessible content that resonates with young audiences. Moreover, companies can partner with schools, community organizations and healthcare providers to ensure that these resources reach those who need them most.
By taking the lead in creating these resources, companies can demonstrate their commitment to social responsibility and ethical business practices. They can also contribute to a broader cultural shift, one that prioritizes healthy relationships, mutual respect and the well-being of young people. By working together, we can create a safer, more compassionate online environment that supports the healthy development of our youth.
***Benefits of Companies Taking the Lead***
When companies take the initiative to create resources tailored to young audiences, highlighting the devastating effects of pornography, they not only contribute to a safer and healthier online environment but also reap significant benefits for their own businesses.
By demonstrating their commitment to social responsibility, companies can enhance their reputation and build trust with their customers, investors, and the wider public. This can lead to increased brand loyalty, customer retention, and ultimately, revenue growth.
Moreover, companies that take a proactive stance against pornography addiction can attract top talent and improve employee morale. Employees are more likely to be engaged and motivated when they work for a company that shares their values and prioritizes social impact.
Additionally, companies that lead the charge in educating young people about the dangers of pornography can position themselves as thought leaders and industry pioneers. This can lead to new business opportunities, partnerships and collaborations, further solidifying their market position.
By investing in resources that support healthy online behaviors, companies can also reduce the risk of reputational damage and legal liabilities associated with pornography addiction. This can lead to cost savings and a more sustainable business model.
Ultimately, companies that lead the charge in creating resources tailored to young audiences can enjoy a competitive advantage, increased brand value, and a positive social impact that resonates with their stakeholders. By taking a proactive stance against pornography addiction, companies can create a safer online environment and a brighter future for generations to come.
***The role of other stakeholders***
**Parents**, as the first line of defense, must engage in open and honest conversations with their children about the dangers of pornography. By setting clear boundaries and monitoring online activities, they can foster healthy online habits and encourage alternative pursuits.
**Educators** play a vital role by incorporating pornography education into school curricula, teaching critical thinking, media literacy and healthy relationships. They can also provide support and resources for students struggling with addiction.
**Policymakers** must enact legislation supporting pornography education and addiction treatment, fund research initiatives and develop policies promoting a healthy online environment.
**Together, we** can organize community events, develop a unified message, and encourage youth participation in advocacy and support groups. By working in harmony, we can empower young people to make informed decisions and cultivate a healthier relationship with technology. United, we can create a brighter, safer future for our youth.
***The Need for Policy Reform***
Additionally, there is a need for stricter regulations on the distribution of pornography, particularly online, to prevent easy access by young people.
In conclusion, pornography exposure and addiction among the youth in Ghana is a serious issue that requires immediate attention. It is a hindrance to development, and if left unchecked, can have far-reaching consequences for the nation’s economic growth and human development. By working together, we can create a safer and healthier environment for our young people to thrive.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com, ShopNubian dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology, Customer Service and Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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### [Secondary/High School Alumni in Ghana: A Potential Veritable Engine of Economic Growth](https://nubianbiz.com/secondary-high-school-alumni-in-ghana-a-potential-veritable-engine-of-economic-growth/)
**Published:** May 24, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
**Secondary/High School Alumni in Ghana: A Potential Veritable Engine of Economic Growth**
**Executive Summary:**
This report highlights the potential of secondary/high school alumni in Ghana to drive economic growth and development. With a large and growing alumni base, these individuals possess valuable skill sets, including leadership, communication, and entrepreneurial skills, that can be leveraged to start and grow businesses.
Key findings include:
– Alumni-led businesses have the potential to create jobs, stimulate innovation, and contribute to GDP growth.
– Access to capital remains a significant challenge, but alumni networks and connections can be leveraged to secure funding.
– A structured management approach, including a board of directors and executive team, is crucial for success.
– Sectors such as technology, agriculture, renewable energy, and education offer promising investment opportunities.
– A SWOT analysis highlights strengths in networking and adaptability, but also weaknesses in funding and experience.
Recommendations include:
– Alumni associations, government, and stakeholders should provide support and resources for alumni-led initiatives.
– Mentorship programs, training, and funding opportunities should be established to empower alumni entrepreneurs.
– Collaboration between alumni, businesses, and government can drive economic growth and development.
By harnessing the potential of secondary/high school alumni, Ghana can unlock a veritable engine of economic growth, driving innovation, job creation, and prosperity for generations to come.
**Required Skills Sets**
Here are some potential skill sets possessed by secondary/high school alumni in Ghana:
1\. Leadership and Teamwork Skills:
– Experience in leadership roles (e.g. prefects, club leaders)
– Ability to work collaboratively with others
– Strong communication and interpersonal skills
2\. Communication and Problem-Solving Skills:
– Effective written and verbal communication
– Critical thinking and analytical skills
– Ability to approach problems creatively and develop innovative solutions
3\. Entrepreneurial and Innovative Thinking:
– Experience in starting and running small businesses or projects
– Ability to identify opportunities and develop business ideas
– Strong creativity and adaptability
4\. Adaptability and Resilience:
– Ability to thrive in changing environments
– Strong work ethic and determination
– Resilience in the face of challenges and setbacks
5\. Digital Literacy and Technology Skills:
– Proficiency in Microsoft Office and Google Suite
– Familiarity with social media and online platforms
– Basic coding and programming skills
6\. Creative and Cultural Skills:
– Talent in arts, music, drama, or other creative areas
– Understanding of Ghanaian culture and heritage
– Ability to develop innovative cultural products and services
7\. Community Engagement and Social Responsibility:
– Experience in volunteering and community service
– Strong sense of social responsibility and civic engagement
– Ability to develop projects that benefit the community
8\. Language and International Skills:
– Proficiency in multiple languages (e.g. English, French, local languages)
– Experience in international exchange programs or travel
– Understanding of global cultures and business practices
9\. Business and Financial Management Skills:
– Basic knowledge of accounting and financial management
– Understanding of marketing and sales principles
– Ability to develop business plans and pitch ideas
10\. Mentorship and Coaching Skills:
– Experience in mentoring or coaching others
– Strong listening and feedback skills
– Ability to develop and implement mentorship programs
Note: These skill sets are not exhaustive and may vary depending on individual experiences and backgrounds.
**Access to Capital**
Here are some potential ways secondary/high school alumni in Ghana can access capital to start or grow their businesses:
1\. Alumni Network Funding:
– Crowdfunding platforms
– Alumni-led angel investor networks
– Peer-to-peer lending
2\. Government Initiatives:
– Ghana Youth Entrepreneurship Agency (GYEA)
– National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme (NEIP)
– Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC)
3\. Financial Institutions:
– Banks (e.g. GCB Bank, Ecobank)
– Microfinance institutions (e.g. Sinapi Aba Savings and Loans)
– Venture capital firms (e.g. Ghana Venture Capital Limited)
4\. International Organizations:
– World Bank (e.g. Ghana Entrepreneurship Fund)
– African Development Bank (e.g. African Entrepreneurship Fund)
– United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
5\. Private Sector Partnerships:
– Corporate social responsibility initiatives
– Strategic partnerships with established businesses
– Incubators and accelerators (e.g. Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology)
6\. Grants and Competitions:
– Ghana Startup Awards
– Africa Entrepreneurship Awards
– Global Entrepreneurship Summit
7\. Online Platforms:
– Kickstarter
– Indiegogo
– GoFundMe
8\. Family and Friends:
– Personal savings
– Loans from family and friends
– Informal investments
9\. Business Plan Competitions:
– Ghana Business Plan Competition
– Africa Business Plan Competition
– Global Business Plan Competition
10\. Incubators and Accelerators:
– Ghana Innovation Hub
– Accra Startup Academy
– Kumasi Hive
Note: These are just a few examples, and the availability of these options may vary depending on the specific circumstances and location.
**Management Structure**
Here is a potential management structure for a secondary/high school alumni-led business in Ghana:
Board of Directors:
– Chairperson (experienced alumnus or industry expert)
– Vice Chairperson (alumnus or industry expert)
– Secretary (alumnus or legal-professional)
– Treasurer (alumnus or financial expert)
– Additional members (alumni or industry experts)
Executive Team:
– CEO/Managing Director (alumnus or experienced business leader)
– Operations Manager (alumnus or experienced operations professional)
– Marketing and Sales Manager (alumnus or experienced marketing professional)
– Finance Manager (alumnus or experienced financial professional)
– Human Resources Manager (alumnus or experienced HR professional)
Departmental Teams:
– Marketing and Sales Team
– Operations Team
– Finance Team
– Human Resources Team
– Research and Development Team (if applicable)
Advisory Board:
– Experienced industry experts
– Successful entrepreneurs
– Business mentors
– Alumni with relevant expertise
Key Roles and Responsibilities:
– Chairperson: Provides strategic guidance and oversight
– CEO/Managing Director: Leads the executive team and overall business operations
– Operations Manager: Oversees day-to-day operations and implementation
– Marketing and Sales Manager: Develops and executes marketing and sales strategies
– Finance Manager: Manages financial planning, budgeting, and reporting
– Human Resources Manager: Oversees HR functions, including recruitment and talent management
Note: This is just one potential management structure, and the specific roles and responsibilities may vary depending on the business needs and size.
Potential sectors for investment
Here are some potential sectors for investment by secondary/high school alumni in Ghana:
1\. Technology and Innovation:
– Software development
– Mobile apps
– E-commerce platforms
– Digital marketing agencies
– Data analytics and science
2\. Agriculture and Food Processing:
– Farming and livestock production
– Food processing and packaging
– Agricultural technology and equipment
– Value-added products (e.g. jams, sauces)
3\. Renewable Energy and Sustainability:
– Solar energy installations
– Wind energy installations
– Biogas production
– Energy-efficient solutions
– Sustainable agriculture practices
4\. Education and Training:
– Private schools and academies
– Online education platforms
– Vocational training centers
– Professional development and coaching
5\. Healthcare and Wellness:
– Medical facilities and clinics
– Health technology and equipment
– Pharmaceutical distribution
– Wellness and fitness centers
6\. Creative Industries:
– Graphic design and digital media
– Music and audio production
– Film and video production
– Fashion and textile design
7\. Manufacturing and Production:
– Textiles and garments
– Food and beverages
– Construction materials
– Automotive and spare parts
8\. Tourism and Hospitality:
– Hotels and resorts
– Restaurants and bars
– Tour operators and travel agencies
– Event planning and management
9\. Financial Services:
– Banking and microfinance
– Insurance and risk management
– Investment and wealth management
– Financial technology and payment systems
10\. Real Estate and Property Development:
– Residential and commercial properties
– Property management and maintenance
– Construction and development
– Real estate agency and brokerage
Note: These sectors are not exhaustive, and the specific investment opportunities may vary depending on market demand, resources, and expertise.
Here is a potential SWOT analysis for secondary/high school alumni-led businesses in Ghana:
**SWOT Analysis**
Strengths:
1\. Strong Network: Alumni connections and networks can provide valuable support, mentorship, and access to resources.
2\. Diverse Skill Sets: Alumni possess a range of skills, including leadership, communication, and problem-solving, which can be leveraged to drive business success.
3\. Adaptability: Alumni have demonstrated resilience and adaptability in navigating academic and professional challenges, which can serve them well in the face of business obstacles.
4\. Passion and Drive: Alumni are often motivated by a desire to make a positive impact and create meaningful change, which can fuel entrepreneurial spirit and innovation.
5\. Access to Talent: Alumni can tap into a pool of talented and motivated individuals, including fellow alumni and current students, to build their teams.
Weaknesses:
1\. Limited Resources: Alumni-led businesses may face challenges in accessing capital, technology, and other essential resources.
2\. Lack of Experience: Alumni may have limited experience in business management, marketing, and finance, which can hinder their ability to navigate complex business environments.
3\. Brain Drain: Ghana faces a brain drain, with many talented individuals emigrating to other countries, which can limit the pool of available talent and expertise.
4\. Limited Access to Markets: Alumni-led businesses may struggle to access domestic and international markets, limiting their growth potential.
5\. Regulatory Challenges: Alumni-led businesses may face regulatory hurdles, including licensing and permit requirements, which can be time-consuming and costly to navigate.
Opportunities:
1\. Growing Demand for Innovation: Ghana’s economy is growing, and there is a increasing demand for innovative products and services.
2\. Government Support: The Ghanaian government has initiated programs to support entrepreneurship and innovation, including funding and mentorship opportunities.
3\. Access to Global Markets: Alumni-led businesses can leverage technology and international connections to access global markets and customers.
4\. Talented Workforce: Ghana has a young and talented workforce, with many individuals eager to develop their skills and contribute to innovative businesses.
5\. Strategic Location: Ghana’s location in West Africa provides access to a large and growing regional market.
Threats:
1\. Competition: Alumni-led businesses may face competition from established companies and other entrepreneurs.
2\. Economic Instability: Ghana’s economy is subject to fluctuations, which can impact businesses and access to capital.
3\. Regulatory Changes: Changes in regulations and laws can impact businesses and limit their ability to operate effectively.
4\. Brain Drain: The brain drain can limit the pool of available talent and expertise, making it challenging for businesses to find skilled employees.
5\. Global Economic Trends: Global economic trends, such as recession and trade wars, can impact Ghana’s economy and businesses.
**Benefits**
Here are some potential benefits of secondary/high school alumni-led businesses in Ghana:
***Economic Benefits:***
1\. Job Creation: Alumni-led businesses can create employment opportunities for fellow alumni, current students, and other Ghanaians.
2\. Economic Growth: Successful alumni-led businesses can contribute to Ghana’s economic growth, increasing GDP and per capita income.
3\. Innovation: Alumni-led businesses can drive innovation, introducing new products, services, and technologies that improve lives and transform industries.
4\. Increased Productivity: Alumni-led businesses can improve productivity, leveraging technology and efficient processes to enhance output and competitiveness.
5\. Tax Revenue: Alumni-led businesses can generate tax revenue for the government, supporting public services and infrastructure development.
***Social Benefits:***
1\. Community Development: Alumni-led businesses can invest in community development projects, improving education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
2\. Role Models: Successful alumni entrepreneurs can serve as role models, inspiring current students and young Ghanaians to pursue entrepreneurship and innovation.
3\. Social Impact: Alumni-led businesses can address social challenges, such as poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation.
4\. Cultural Preservation: Alumni-led businesses can promote Ghanaian culture, preserving traditional practices and promoting cultural exchange.
5\. Networking: Alumni-led businesses can facilitate networking opportunities, connecting Ghanaians and international partners to foster collaboration and growth.
**Environmental Benefits:**
1\. Sustainable Practices: Alumni-led businesses can adopt sustainable practices, reducing waste, pollution, and environmental degradation.
2\. Green Entrepreneurship: Alumni-led businesses can drive green entrepreneurship, developing innovative solutions for renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and eco-tourism.
3\. Environmental Stewardship: Alumni-led businesses can promote environmental stewardship, protecting Ghana’s natural resources and biodiversity.
4\. Climate Change Mitigation: Alumni-led businesses can contribute to climate change mitigation, developing solutions for carbon reduction and sustainable development.
5\. Eco-Friendly Products: Alumni-led businesses can develop eco-friendly products, reducing plastic waste and promoting sustainable consumption.
***Alumni Engagement Benefits:***
1\. Alumni Network: Alumni-led businesses can strengthen the alumni network, connecting graduates and fostering collaboration and support.
2\. Mentorship: Successful alumni entrepreneurs can mentor current students and fellow alumni, sharing expertise and guidance.
3\. Career Opportunities: Alumni-led businesses can provide career opportunities for fellow alumni, offering internships, jobs, and professional development.
4\. Alumni Pride: Alumni-led businesses can enhance alumni pride, demonstrating the impact and success of Ghanaian entrepreneurs.
5\. University Engagement: Alumni-led businesses can engage with universities, supporting research, innovation, and entrepreneurship initiatives.
**Conclusion:**
Secondary/high school alumni-led businesses in Ghana have the potential to drive economic growth, innovation, and social impact. By leveraging their skills, networks, and entrepreneurial spirit, alumni can create successful businesses that address local challenges and opportunities.
**Recommendations:**
1\. Alumni Associations: Establish and strengthen alumni associations to provide a platform for networking, mentorship, and support.
2\. Entrepreneurship Training: Offer entrepreneurship training and resources to equip alumni with the skills and knowledge needed to start and grow successful businesses.
3\. Access to Capital: Provide access to capital through grants, loans, and investments to support alumni-led businesses.
4\. Mentorship Programs: Establish mentorship programs that pair alumni entrepreneurs with experienced business leaders and industry experts.
6\. University Engagement: Foster partnerships between universities and alumni-led businesses to promote research, innovation, and talent development.
7\. Networking Opportunities: Create networking opportunities for alumni entrepreneurs to connect with potential customers, investors, and partners.
8\. Incubation and Acceleration: Establish incubation and acceleration programs to support the growth and development of alumni-led businesses.
9\. Role Models and Ambassadors: Identify and promote successful alumni entrepreneurs as role models and ambassadors to inspire and motivate others.
10\. Monitoring and Evaluation: Establish a monitoring and evaluation framework to track the impact and progress of alumni-led businesses and provide support where needed.
By implementing these recommendations, Ghana can unlock the potential of secondary/high school alumni-led businesses and drive economic growth, innovation, and social impact.
The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at Groupe Soleil Vision, comprising Soleil Consults, LLC, NubianBiz dot Com, ShopNubian dot Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology, Customer Service and Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.
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**Categories:** Business, Economics, Education, Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Society
---
### [GRA Clarifies Computation of Customs Duties on Vehicles](https://nubianbiz.com/gra-clarifies-computation-of-customs-duties-on-vehicles/)
**Published:** May 17, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Tema Port GhanaSource: Daily Graphic
The Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) has issued a statement addressing recent media claims regarding the computation of customs duties and other import taxes on vehicles. According to the GRA, such duties are not calculated in foreign currency, contrary to recent media reports.
In a statement released to the press, the GRA explained that customs duties and other import taxes on vehicles are computed in Ghanaian cedis, in accordance with the country’s tax laws. The authority emphasized that all import transactions are converted into Ghanaian cedis at the prevailing exchange rate before duties and taxes are applied.
The GRA’s clarification comes after recent media reports suggested that customs duties and taxes on vehicles were being calculated in foreign currency, leading to concerns among importers and the general public. The authority has assured the public that all computations are done in accordance with the law and that there has been no change in the procedure for calculating customs duties and taxes on vehicles.
The GRA has urged the public to disregard any information suggesting otherwise and to contact the authority directly for clarification on any tax-related matters. The authority has also reminded importers and the general public of the need to comply with tax laws and regulations to avoid any penalties or sanctions.
Source: Daily Graphic
Note: This article is a summary of the story published in the Daily Graphic and does not contain any additional information or opinions.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business, Economics
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### [The 2024 Ghana Government Budget: Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and Entrepreneurship](https://nubianbiz.com/the-2024-ghana-government-budget-empowering-small-and-medium-sized-enterprises-smes-and-entrepreneurship/)
**Published:** May 10, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
SMEs in Ghana Key Statistics
Infographic Credit British International Investment
- 92% of businesses in Ghana are SMEs
- 83% of employment comes from SMEs
- 70% of GDP contributed by SMEs
The Government of Ghana has recognized the vital role Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and entrepreneurship play in driving economic growth, innovation, and job creation. In the 2024 budget, several measures have been introduced to support SMEs and entrepreneurship, including:
- Increased funding for the National Entrepreneurship and Innovation Programme (NEIP)
- Introduction of a new SME-focused tax regime with reduced rates and exemptions
- Establishment of a GHS 100 million SME Development Fund
- Expansion of business advisory and mentorship services
- Enhanced access to government procurement opportunities
Photo Credit: [CLET Ghana – Center For Leadership and Executive Training](htpp://www.facebook.com/clet.training?__tn__=-UC%2AF)
Benefits for SMEs in the 2024 Budget\]
- Increased access to finance and funding
- Reduced tax burden
- Enhanced training and support
- Increased market opportunities
- Simplified regulatory environment
These measures demonstrate the government’s commitment to empowering SMEs and entrepreneurs, driving growth and development in Ghana.
By supporting SMEs and entrepreneurship, Ghana is fostering innovation, creating jobs, and promoting economic transformation. The 2024 budget initiatives are a step towards a more prosperous future for Ghanaian businesses and citizens alike.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/jules-ntokoli/)
**Categories:** Business, Economics, Entrepreneurship
---
### [Breaking Free: Abolishing the Outdated Head Office Concept for a Brighter Future](https://nubianbiz.com/breaking-free-abolishing-the-outdated-head-office-concept-for-a-brighter-future/)
**Published:** March 30, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Independence! Why can’t everyone be free? Certainly, everyone deserves to be free; after all, it’s a human right. (Let me quickly mention, though, that I believe that there’s nothing like absolute independence. Any who seeks absolute independence rebels and ends up not finding that freedom anyway. I am more interested in its relative use or sense).
The quest for this right was what led to the wave of independence across Africa in the 50’s and 60’s. And since then, Africans have demonstrated how much they value and cherish their independence by commemorating that event every year.
In the animal kingdom, birds for instance, take care of their hatchlings by providing them with shelter and food. The dexterity with which birds undertake this task instinctively is marvelous. When the time is ripe, parent birds teach their hatchlings how to fly. Eventually, these also learn to fend for themselves and leave to start families of their own.
Similarly, every young person loves to have some independence. While some parents find this unpalatable, when teenagers seem to seek independence, they are only expressing a natural inclination that the Creator has put in each one of us. It is this natural phenomenon that enables us to eventually leave home and start families of our own.
Thus, if properly guided, youths with that desire grow to become socially responsible adults and are able to function properly in society.
From what nature teaches us, then, the benefits of proper independence are enormous. And independence contributes to ‘making the world go round’.
That same sense of independence, if properly weaved into the corporate culture, would go a long way to unleash creativity and nurture growth–it is that natural. However, we see that large organizations have over the centuries operated in the head office craze. While that was useful for a time, it certainly isn’t anymore. When we appreciate the premise of the head office concept, we will be able to diagnose its endemic old age ‘multiple sclerosis’ ailment and prescribe the right ‘antidote’ for its cure.
**Understanding the concept of the Head Office**
The head office (or headquarters) concept of organization is based on the premise that there is a certain ‘sovereign’ (the board) who knows what it takes to run a company better than anyone else in the organization. This ‘sovereign’ has its lieutenants (middle management) through whom it operates. And these lieutenants in turn get their subordinates to do discrete, repetitive work till a certain efficiency and effectiveness are achieved.
Another premise is that to institute a chain of command, there must be a certain order and channel of reporting for proper supervision and maintenance of the status quo. Well, in themselves, these assumptions are not bad at all, for they served their purpose. But are they still relevant today?
Granted, due to the way the world’s educational curriculum is structured, it may seem that those assumptions are still relevant. This is because MBA education, for instance, teaches students how businesses operate, instilling in them the need to maintain the present order of things rather than equipping them to challenge and modify traditional ways of doing things. As a result, most large organizations are not in tune with the trends of the modern world thus breeding organizational inertia.
**Why the need for a change**
With the abundance of information today, top management can no longer go on pretending to be a ‘sovereign’. Granted, having access to information is different from absorbing such. And the absorption of such information does not in itself lead to success in management since experience is required. Hence when management would have empowered employees and guided them by way of training and practice to contribute to corporate strategy and the decision-making process, the result would be an adaptive and responsive, robust company that is moving with the times.
Regarding the second premise above, it has been demonstrated in human relationships that peer pressure can be stronger than authority. Thus when checks and balances are in place among peers, positive peer pressure is more effective in creating order than a top-down chain of command.
If you agree with my postulations above, then it is about time the head office nonsense was scrapped for a better system. Let us now see why that should happen. Then we’ll go on to see how that can be done and what benefits could be derived therefrom.
**Why the head office nonsense must be scrapped**
The first reason why the head office nonsense must go is that it stifles creativity, innovation and initiative. Branches are string-puppets in the hands of the head office within the status quo. Hence, they are limited in how creatively they can steer the affairs of the business for higher productivity. And since major decisions would have to be approved by head office the bureaucracy involved inhibits initiative and discourages creativity. Often, by the time a particular strategy or decision that meets local exigencies is approved it is obsolete. Certainly, this only leads to poverty creation rather than its alleviation due to mediocre productivity.
Secondly, as inferred from the point above, it stifles productivity and raises operational costs needlessly. This is because local branches are limited in strategizing to take advantage of emergent opportunities.
Thirdly, it lacks realism. Those at the local branch are more in touch with the goings-on in the locality. But since head office has its own universal system, the branch has no choice but just ‘plug into the system’ and operate, as one banker recently said upon his appointment. And this even though the particular strategy from head office might not be practical to local demands.
Finally, effective control becomes a headache. Contrary to the belief that the head office concept would engender a better control system, the opposite is rather the truth. Since head office relies on reports, it may not be aware of the standard of customer service delivery, for example, as well as other pertinent human qualities and human relations issues. Granted, there’s a branch head to administer some of these things. However, since it’s a hierarchical system and he’ll also have to play the boss ‘right’, some of those things would either happen on his blind side or he may not even worry his head over them, so far as his boss at the head office is satisfied with his performance and report.
**The way forward**
With the foregoing facts in mind (and others you may also think of), it would be wise to take a re-look at the head office system. Yet, how can that be done?
Ultimately, it would be more practical to decentralize decision-making and operations. Branches should be given progressive to full autonomy to operate as separate entities with the possibility of expanding and ‘giving birth’ to other businesses. This can be achieved when, much like we see in nature, the branches are nurtured to the extent that they can ‘fly’ by themselves and then left on their own. This would engender initiative, creativity and innovation. That would especially be the case since the branch is more attuned to the real needs in the local branch’s community.
Also, since workers at the branch are aware that they would only earn a living from what they produce, they would be highly motivated to give of themselves willingly. This would also mean that the reward system would be more progressive. Workers don’t earn so much simply based on their qualifications or what is normally the reward for one on a certain scale in the organization. Rather, local realities would determine who earns what and why. Thus costs are saved and productivity is bolstered.
Conversely, by deploying the right type of IT technology and seamlessly synergizing it with good, modern management practices and business operations, the need for a branch may not be even necessary, to begin with. For example, a supermarket chain would rather find it more cost effective and prudent to deploy an e-commerce platform which can be accessed by everyone from anywhere. This would free much-needed resources that would otherwise be sunk into opening a chain of outlets for other investment portfolios.
Similarly, a bank would rather deploy ATM’s to take care of local banking needs and thus reduce operational costs. This would, in turn, reflect in lower charges that would encourage more in the bankable population yet to join the banking population to do so.
Further, lower costs would mean, all other things being equal, lower interest rates. This would make it possible for MSME’s to thrive and thus create more jobs and wealth.
**Conclusion**
The benefits to be derived from abolishing the head office nonsense would thus be immense: higher productivity, encouraging creativity and creating more jobs. Talking of creating more jobs, some may think otherwise. For example, they may ask, ‘Who would employ those sales assistants who would otherwise be employed by the supermarkets? And what about those that the banks would employ at the branches?
Similar arguments were made when companies decided to computerize their operations. However, what those who make such arguments should have been asking is ‘What opportunities does this create for us?’ As I said earlier, when funds are saved, these can be channeled to other economic activities that would create jobs. The status quo rather is stifling job creation.
Furthermore, if more people use computers and mobile phones to shop, as an example, that will mean the need to either manufacture or assemble computers and mobile phones locally. It would also mean more opportunities for technicians (these are some of the developments that the educational system should be adapting to so as to train a human resource base that can adequately take care of these trends).
Opportunities are varied and numerous. However, it takes only those who think apart from popular thinking to realize them. When we eschew apprehension, fear and skepticism we would see more avenues to exploit to make life more meaningful for us and generations yet unborn. Thinking positively frees our mind from needlessly using it to dwell on things that would only make us have nightmares and see ghosts.
Yes, the head office concept did have its day; it’s now time to move on. After all, the world has moved on. By emulating what nature teaches us about life, we would be creating more formidable systems that would stand the test of time.
As I’ve been saying, those businesses that take advantage of current trends and adopt modern philosophies of management and business practice would be better able to stem the tide, as it were. They would be more flexible to take advantage of emergent needs and opportunities. Those are the companies that would thrive during the next fifty years. The time to change, then, is now!
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business, Leadership, Management
---
### [Revolutionizing Management Practices in the Private Sector: A Call to Action](https://nubianbiz.com/is-the-engine-of-economic-growth-really-running-2-challenging-traditional-management-practices-that-impede-growth-in-the-private-sector/)
**Published:** December 21, 2022
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Since the advent of man on planet earth, society has been on the move. Politically, the patriarchal system gave way to several other forms of government such as oligarchy, autocracy and so forth, to the presently widely acclaimed democracy. Economically, man has moved from subsistence agriculture in hamlets to complex economic systems in big cities with skyscrapers. And we can say similar for education, marriage and religion. At the base of all of these changes/developments is technology.
In our present life-time, we have seen the introduction of the computer which phased out the typewriter. We have seen the inception of the Internet and how it has developed over such a relatively short time to revolutionise business and other social interactions. We can talk of the mobile phone, the television, the radio and the like which have equally had their respective development and impact. It is my belief that Management has been affected the most by these technological advancements. Hence, management has to continually fine-tune its principles and practices to reflect the dynamics of technology. The new-age challenges call for new-age management practices. And we need to begin making those changes *today* if the private sector would live up to its task as the engine of growth.
In this article, I will attempt to discuss briefly just six of such management practices that have to be challenged (in some subsequent articles I will take a re-look at some of them in more detail).
**Management Practices that Must Change**
- Abolish Alienation and Encourage a Family/Citizenship Culture
- Rid Yourself of Unnecessary Bureaucracy and Hierarchies
- Embed Elements of Democracy in Management
- Avoid Making a Fetish of Enterprise Information
- Effectively Harness the Web with Management
- Avoid Nostalgically Holding On to Tradition
The first critical area I want us to look at relates to human resources:
*Management has to abolish alienation and encourage an atmosphere of family and citizenship in the work-place*. Karl Marx in his postulation of Alienation identified four types of alienation in labour under capitalism. These are: Alienation from self, alienation from others, alienation from product and alienation from production. For the purposes of our discussion, I will limit my application to alienation from others, from product and from production.
If you are alienated from others, you are made to adopt the “dog-eat-dog” mentality. My dear late Joseph Hill of Culture fame (a Reggae music band) put it this way: “Dog a go nyam dog ina city”. What does it mean? That you are made to see your fellowman/woman as, not a fellow human being with feelings and a need for love like yourself, but a competitor! Thus in such an environment where everyone is seeking to lop others off the corporate ladder as they climb up, how can a genuine sense of family and citizenship be created in the work-place? And in the absence of such an atmosphere, how can employees give of their best for the attainment of the common corporate goal?
Also, is it not true that in most organizations, there is alienation of the worker from the product, i.e. its design and production are appropriated by the capitalist class (top management) and escape the worker’s control? In that case, how can management expect commitment from the modern informed employee?
Further, alienation from production means that the worker is alienated from the act of production itself; that work boils down to an endless sequence of discrete, repetitive, trivial, and meaningless motions, offering little, if any, intrinsic value. He just performs his task, gets paid and goes home. His creative prowess is hardly tapped. Hence work becomes boring and stressful.
However, where the employer and the employee collaborate in management processes and practices, employees come to feel a part of production rather than alienated. Management should thus give employees a wide latitude of discretion in creativity and production in order to make them more responsible and make work more meaningful; not just a means of living, but fun! That way, a corporate family and citizenship culture is fostered—that proud feeling of being part of the success story. And this would in turn tell positively on productivity and growth.
Management must further encourage the sharing of ideas and mutual support among employees to achieve the overall corporate goal, instead of mutual suspicion and lack of trust as is prevalent in many organizations today in Africa and the world over. If such a collaborative environment is created, employees see each other, not as competitors, but as partners working together for the common good. And that would unleash creativity and innovation which will ultimately lead to aggregate wealth creation in the private sector.
Second, *management must rid itself of unnecessary bureaucracy and the fixation to hierarchies*. It is amazing how we all hate bureaucracy and yet we all enjoy practicing it! The reason? It makes us feel ‘important’ and ‘indispensable’. And it is surprising to note that bureaucracy in the private sector if Africa is so rife that one may wonder if the governments ministries, departments and agencies (MDA’s) are even saintly.
# ***So how can we deal with this problem? Simple, Flat organization!*** Does this sound chaotic or amorphous? Or even simplistic? Before you conclude let us consider the following:
Taking lessons from the fields of theology and politics: Do you know one reason why there are so many splinter religions springing up? And from politics, do you know why many Africans seek to uphold the tenets of democracy? Well, the underlying reason is this: Since no man wants to be ruled over by their fellowman, it becomes only natural for the ruled to also desire to rule or at least, enjoy some ‘guaranteed freedoms’ in their ruled state.
Hence, when a religion that has leaders with wealth, power and influence offers its adherents who desire to ‘climb’ up to the status of such leaders limited or no opportunities to do so, the one that believes he too has a good grasp of the Scriptures simply decides to break-away and start his own, and the cycle continues. Similarly, the politically-aware individual who believes he has something to offer but can only do that with political power will advocate democracy so he can at least have a say and, at most, even win power. Otherwise, the result would be struggle for power which can lead to political instability.
What is the lesson we draw? Organisations that desire to maintain a certain corporate citizenship and stability do well to remember that top management is no longer the repository of wisdom. Hence all should have equal opportunities and be commensurately rewarded. And that the exclusion of well-informed employees from the decision-making process only leads to human capital hemorrhage, resulting in loss of valuable creative and innovative minds since these will either seek better opportunities elsewhere or start their own business.
In terms of control and supervision, the effectiveness of the bottom-up approach can be replicated in the flat organization. This is demonstrated in the provision of social amenities for communities. When community members are involved in the decision-making process, it becomes easier to enlist their participation in the project and its subsequent maintenance. Similarly, if employees contribute to setting standards of control and discipline that must be met in the organization they develop a checks-and-balances system which is mutually acceptable and binding on all.
Also, with the abolition of formal hierarchies and top-to-bottom chain of command, leaders become primus inter pares (first among equals). Hence anybody can check anyone. And where the unanimous belief is that a particular person is incorrigibly bent on running the system aground, he/she is kicked out. Period!
Peer-pressure is stronger than a top-bottom chain of command. Positive peer pressure is thus a better method to instill discipline and control. But this can only succeed if the base is solid: communalism and citizenship, coupled with mutual respect. I want to use a personal experience I had at the university to explain this:
On one occasion, I misused electricity. While I do not remember how exactly I did that, I do remember the reprimand I had from my room-mate who was in level 100 while I was in 400. His father was working at the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG). My father used to work at the Volta River Authority (VRA), the main power producer in Ghana. And I personally had a stint with the VRA. Thus when he saw what I was doing, all he said was “Jules, you know we both have something to do with electricity in one way or the other. So please, let us be exemplary in its use”. That was enough. And that lesson has stayed with me all these years. That demonstrates the power of positive peer-pressure for control and discipline purposes.
However, this kind of management works best with small-medium-sized organisations. Yet this does not preclude larger ones from employing it. What they need to do is split up the organization into smaller and pliable entities.
Colossal organizations with so much impersonality like the city only breed sloth, mediocrity and ineptitude. This is mainly because they encourage social loafing. They are also less inspiring and can even cause some employees to develop depression and related health problems. However, when an organization is disaggregated into smaller units, team members become closer and the leader is better in tune with each one’s strengths and weaknesses and is therefore better able to provide good leadership with purpose.
Third, *elements of democracy must be embedded in management*. *And conflicts should be encouraged rather than despised.* We all appreciate the freedoms enshrined in our democratic dispensation in our respective countries, such as the freedoms of speech and expression. If we do and seek all legal means to guard them, why should they be missing in our corporate institutions? We all know that as fallible beings none of us is the absolute epitome of wisdom—from the board director to the cleaner. If that is so, then we should all have an equal say in the way things are ran in the company irrespective of one’s social, economic or educational background; and that without fear.
That may lead to disagreements some times. However, disagreements are always inevitable and even sometimes good—i.e. disagreements that are genuine and not those that are hostile or worse yet sinister. In an environment where everyone is free to disagree and everyone respects one another’s views, when a consensus is reached with some conceding and others compromising without feeling inferior or vanquished and the others superior or victorious, ideas are better managed and implemented with all in the group passionately supporting a common course for the good of the organization. In other words, conformity is desired rather than extracted and cohesion is more readily achieved.
Further, in an environment of openness where there are disagreements and divergence with no one taking others’ comments personal, creativity and innovation are unleashed, leading to wealth creation and development. And this is feasible when all-and-sundry, as mentioned above, contribute to setting standards of control and discipline that must be met in the organization and a system of checks and balances exist.
Fourth, *avoid making fetish of enterprise information*. Information systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning, Enterprise Content Management and Business Intelligence should make information available across the enterprise to *every* employee. While for purposes of order it is proper to assign roles and responsibilities, information regarding such assignments should not be held to the chest of the assignees and their relevant bosses only, as it pertains in many organizations today. While some information may be arguably classified, in today’s age of information, it is extremely crude if in the event of a sick leave or other unforeseen occurrence, certain decisions cannot be made by other employees simply because a particular “officer” is not available. That is an out-moded form of administration. And over the years, if only we could keep tabs on the cost such mishaps, we would realise how much valuable resources, both material and human, that have gone waste. If we continue to make fetish of enterprise information at departmental levels and otherwise, we would only be hampering the development of the private sector and enhancing poverty.
Fifth, *the Web must be effectively harnessed with management to streamline production.* Apart from creating information laissez-faire, such information should be accessible over the web from every corner of the globe. This will enable employees of the enterprise to work effectively from any location at any given time. It is high time we started to disabuse our minds that business can only happen from a specific location and at a given time. Has the pandemic taught us any lessons? When management begins to effectively utilise the Web in this manner, it will ease traffic on our roads, reduce environmental pollution, reduce stress in employees and improve their life expectancy, reduce loss of resources through days off as a result of sickness and the benefits go on and on…. In effecting these changes, we would be challenging some traditional practices that are inimical to today’s private sector organization.
Sixth, *avoid nostalgically holding on to tradition, the status-quo!* In Africa, we say “the tradition goes on”. No wonder our palm-wine tappers still employ the same technology our forefathers used 3000 years ago. And even though our local gin/rum can easily out-class the Vodkas, it is still un-exportable largely due to low-tech distillery and deodorizing. While some aspects of tradition define identity, which is a very important ingredient in branding, dogmatically sticking to tradition that is counter-productive only leads to ineptitude, to say the least. Just as strategy-making should be fluid, the status-quo should be regularly challenged by-the-second in order to meet changing needs and demands.
In many private sector organizations in Africa, even when consultants help executives to see that their business processes and practices are outmoded, they still maintain that change will be difficult. The reason is that change calls for hard work and they are just satisfied with the way things are ran. After all, their daily bread and relatively comfortable life-style are assured and retirement is just around the corner. “So why the stress?” they say. So they wait until things get out of hand before they start to act.
This explains why there is so much lack of creativity in many sectors of our economy and marketing in particular. For instance, it amazes me when I think about the fact that it is estimated that in Ghana for example, only about 20% of the bankable population is actually banking. And instead of our banks finding innovative means of roping in the remaining 80 percent, they only compete with each other for the 20%, wasting resources and stifling economic growth. Majority of marketing managers have become what I call ‘lotto professors’, running endless raffles, turning their customers into greedy people. Is this the kind of value we want to promote in our society? If this is not sloth and ineptitude, someone please email me and tell me what it is.
The challenges facing the private sector in Africa are enormous, and it takes a cast-iron stomach to brave them. But they are not insurmountable. Granted, there are things that government and other stake-holders should be doing to promote it. However, we in the private sector need to purge ourselves of obsolete management practices and attitudes in order to find our feet. And until that is done, even the best of business environments cannot help matters. Now is the time then to start since it will not take just one day to make that change. Let us talk openly about it and discuss the way forward. As I conclude, please join me in adopting the chorus of Michael Jackson’s ‘Man in the Mirror’: I’m Starting With The Man In The Mirror…. I’m Asking Him To Change His Ways….. And No Message Could Have Been Any Clearer…. If You Wanna Make The “Private Sector” A Better Place Take A Look At Yourself, And Then Make A Change!
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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### [Unleashing the Entrepreneurial Spirit in Your Organization: A Call to Action for Management](https://nubianbiz.com/make-entrepreneurs-out-of-employees/)
**Published:** December 22, 2022
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Employees are the most important resource of a business. If properly managed, they would provide stability to the organization. And the reverse is also true.
The discussion on making entrepreneurs out of employees has been quite pervasive. Yet, one hardly sees this happening. In effect, management has become more like many politicians who say very nice things but do otherwise. That notwithstanding, though, we all know change is difficult. And so adopting this new way of doing things cannot happen overnight. Yet, management/business thinkers/writers as we are, we are positive about this happening some time later, if not soon. Our enthusiasm and optimism will therefore continue to impel us to keep harping on this very need. Thus, I am more than motivated to write once more on this very issue.
To set the tone for our discourse, however, we want to define who an entrepreneur is. This would give us the right footing for the discussion.
**Who Is An Entrepreneur?**
“The term entrepreneur is a loanword from French, and is commonly used to describe an individual who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on financial risk to do so.”—Wikipedia
The key phrases in this definition are 1) organizes and operates a business or businesses; and 2) taking on financial risk.
This implies that there are certain conditions and abilities that make it possible for the entrepreneur to function properly. These include a wide latitude for decision-making, multi-tasking, multi-skill, knowledge and information.
Thus for an organisation to successfully turn their employees into entrepreneurs, those conditions should be created in the company. Then the required abilities would also emerge. Let’s now look at how that can be done.
**Conditions/Abilities for Entrepreneurship**
**Disambiguate the organization.** To begin with, it is totally impossible to create entrepreneurs in a large organization. This is because large organizations are typically highly departmentalized with each department specializing in a particular field. In such an environment, one can hardly have all the information they need to build on their knowledge; multi-skill is severely hampered; and decision-making is painfully slow and exclusive. Such conditions and more like them which are rife in large organizations thus never allow for an employee to become an entrepreneur within the organisation.
Hence, the first step to encouraging the entrepreneurial spirit in the organization is disambiguate; break up the organization into smaller units of separate business entities. Doing so would make for the promotion of creativity and innovation. In such an environment, employees get involved in the decision-making process and get to learn various skills that enhance efficiency and effectiveness.
**Eliminate hierarchies**. Along with the disambiguation of the organisation comes the elimination of hierarchies. Of course, this does not happen automatically though. Hence there should be a conscious effort to create an entity of equals who work in cross-functional teams, with varying roles, rather than on the basis of a boss-subordinate relationship. This makes for an abundance of ideas and a mix of activities that make it possible to multi-task and acquire multi-skills.
**Encourage financial responsibility**. When the organization is broken into smaller units of separate entities, these have each other as the primary client. Then they also look outside of
the group for other customers/clients. The idea is to make them financially responsible in that they have to work to pay themselves and sustain the business. Since necessity is the mother of invention, when challenges confront them, they would be motivated to look for creative and innovative ways for resolving those challenges, leading to financial security.
In large organizations, there is so much impersonality, and that breeds sloth and ineptitude. And departments that are not directly responsible for sales tend to be lethargic in income generation; and why not?
It takes the combined efforts of everyone in the organization to make production and sales possible. Yet, invariably, it is particular departments and individuals within those departments that get the bonuses when the business is successful. So how would the other departments and individuals go beyond their limits to find creative ways of income generation in the interest of the company? They would only do so much.
But in a smaller entity where everyone is assured of his fair due if they are exceptionally productive, these would put in their best and that would go to consolidate, not only their personal income, but that of the company as well.
**Encourage experimentation**. Experimentation can be quite expensive, not only in financial terms, but also in terms of time. This no doubt makes many managers apprehensive about experimentation. Yet, experimentation begets innovation and creativity. It has thus become a necessary evil.
In large organizations, experimentation is usually non-existent. This is because bosses are scared their subordinates could overtake them so they stifle it. Also, because decision making is centralized, one has very little room, if any, to experiment. Besides, receiving approval from management is another bureaucratic endeavour that can be both intimidating and unfruitful. Many have thus resigned themselves to just getting by. And this has over the decades significantly impacted productivity negatively.
To reverse the tendency, when the organization is split up into smaller entities, experimentation can conveniently happen regularly. And even if there’s failure, the impact may not be felt as much as in a large organisaton. At any rate, since mistakes are naturally a way of learning, this would add to the creativeness and innovativeness of employees.
**Reward adequately**. The success of an employee in his work is a great joy for the whole organization since the company itself benefits. However, the reward for such innovative employees should not end with bonuses. Loyal employees who have dispensed of themselves very well as entrepreneurs should be rewarded by way of shares in the company. Such loyal employees, realizing that what they do will not be in vain would continue to do their best for the company for it to grow and also give birth to other smaller business entities.
**No Lip Service**
Certainly, encouraging the entrepreneurial spirit in the organization is a very critical factor for success. But it requires a lot of thinking, change and strategizing—work! Essentially. management should not continue to delude itself that such a spirit can be cultivated if things continue to run as they do now. So much has to change. Traditional management principles, processes and practices must be audited to see their relevance or otherwise to modern realities. But this should start with the re-making of the thinking of management. When management eschew fear, abolish hierarchies, disambiguate the organization and grant enough space to employees, that is when the true entrepreneurial spirit can thrive. Otherwise, the status quo would continue to persist, leading to more mediocrity, more sloth and more ineptitude.
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
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**Categories:** HR/HC, Management
---
### [Enjoying the Holiday Season: A Guide to Avoiding Common Pitfalls and Finding Contentment](https://nubianbiz.com/make-the-most-of-the-holiday-season/)
**Published:** December 21, 2022
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Around the world, December is very much anticipated by many people for several varied reasons. Some because of the Christmas festivities during which they will shop, get together with family and friends, party and make merry. Even adherents of some religions who are not Christian still look forward to this season for such reasons. Others, because they have been working hard throughout the year and so would like to have that most needed rest and plan for the coming year. Yet, others use the season to have their wedding. For a lot of businesses, it is time to haul in good profits. How do you plan to enjoy yours?
It is a fact that December equally comes with its own heartaches. There is the subtle pressure of gift-giving and treating friends. This results in many people either depleting their savings or getting deeper into debt. Some also get involved in drunkenness and immorality that ruin their joy; even in some cases to the extent of breaking-up marriages. No wonder by January 2 many are broke and others are devastated. Some take consolation in the fact that they can make new year resolutions only to realize just a few weeks into the next year that they are unable to keep them. The reason? Just as it is unwise to shift gears from 1st straight to 6th so it is for one to imagine that they can change for the better overnight. How can you avoid these and many other causes of heartache and gain the most out of the holiday season?
**REST!!!**
Stress is a major cause of ailments in many a worker. This is because it breaks down the immune system and exposes the body to disease attacks. And we all appreciate the cost that time lost through sick leaves inflicts on businesses. For this reason, rest is very, very important for the hard-working executive. And December affords just that. There are some companies that frown on holidays because for them it is a waste of valuable human resources. However, if such businesses knew the rejuvenating power of just five minutes’ sleep, they would appreciate what a good rest can do positively for productivity!
On the other hand, there are some companies that break for at least two weeks between December and January. To those companies I say ‘Well done!’ I believe work was made for man and not man for work. We work to sustain our life and make living more meaningful. However, when work becomes a killer in disguise then it is time to take a re-look at it.
Yet it is important that employees of such organisations make sure that they use the holiday season wisely. Otherwise, they will return at the end of the vacation period more tired than when they left, thus defeating the purpose of the break. So please take time to sleep very well and laze about. Pamper yourself and enjoy all the natural sights and sounds you least paid attention to during those busy days. Also, if you’re a city dweller why not drive to the countryside to experience the serenity and freshness that nature affords us. Even if you don’t have a car, you can still enjoy that ride either alone or with someone or a group you love on a public transport.
If you live in a city, I don’t know if you feel the same but whenever I cross the city barrier, I feel some relief and peace that elude me in the city. The breeze alone is enough. Add the sights of the greens and the mountains and oh, it’s so therapeutic! If you also feel that way, why not try it?
**Watch Out!!!**
However, for you to make the most of the holiday season, there are some things that you want to guard against. The first of these is comparison.
One major source of discontentment in life is comparing ourselves with others. This robs us of so much joy and happiness. The fact is that, in this world, everyone either has something more than the other or has something that the other lacks altogether. This reminds me of the song that says in part “Rich men envy poor men; Poor men envy the rich. Therefore, what is the sense in envying your neighbor?” Thus whether rich or poor, old or young, single or married there is always something that you have that the other does not have and vice-versa. A certain diminutive friend of mine says “If you’re taller than me, I am also shorter than you!” Yes, let’s learn to be content with what we have, and we’ll have some peace that is most invaluable.
Another negative tendency to avoid is seeking to impress others. We live in a world where people are judged by what they are rather than who they are. As a result, many look for certain kinds of employment for instance, not because it suits them, but in order to show off. Others also go to dine at a ‘certain place’ so they can be counted among the ‘haves’ when in reality it is not like that.
This reminds me of my observation while at the university. I noticed that the ‘haves’ were unassuming and humble while the ‘don’t haves’ rather would like to portray themselves as wealthy! Hmm, is that not false consciousness? Indeed, it is! If you allow yourself to fall into such a pit, you may not live long, unless you change! This is because it can lead to high blood pressure and its attendant complications. Why should you for instance throw a banquet just because you have to or because you want to impress someone or a group of people when you can’t afford it? Or send a gift just because it is expected? In fact, the joy of giving and receiving a gift is even defeated when it is required and expected! Yet, even if you can afford such banquets and gifts are they really necessary?
If we seek to impress others, we lose our identity and naturalness. We are also robbed of joy and happiness. And this negatively impacts on productivity. This season, please don’t fall into that trap! I need you back healthier and happier so we can have our business discussions and see what we can do for ourselves and, more importantly, others.
The next thing I want to talk about is the unhealthy view of wealth or prosperity. We devalue ourselves as humans when we value ourselves and others on the basis of wealth. Yet many of us have been made to believe that God gives wealth and so some feel that they are not faithful enough to God and that is why they are poor. However, measuring our value and others’ worth by wealth is seriously flawed. We have people who are rich but unhappy; while we have others who are poor yet happy. Thus if we have to judge ourselves and others based on wealth at all, then we should view that wealth as the quality in us which makes us contribute meaningfully to society and not necessarily money.
By the way, how did your year go? Certainly, you’d agree with me that it ran! On a lighter note, someone says God is even tired of the wickedness in the world so he’s speeding up the days for the end to come quickly. All the same, it is wise to reflect on the past year to see what things you did right, what things you could have done differently and what progress you have made, not in comparison with another, but within your own personal circumstances. Meanwhile, what was your priority? Which of the following came first in your life? Entertainment/recreation, your job or your career, your health, your personal happiness, your spouse, your parents, your children, a nice home, fine clothes, your dream car, being the best at whatever you did or worship of God? If you were to rate these, which one would you place first? They are all important variables. Yet how you rated them could have affected your life this past year and can affect your life the coming year. So why not take time to really ponder on them to see what you can do in the coming year to be happier and more successful?
I believe if we live by the above principles and prioritize our lives well, we’ll be most content and happier. This contentment and happiness will in turn unleash our creative and innovative powers which we can harness to bring about higher productivity and wealth creation.
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Lifestyle
---
### [Demystifying Entrepreneurship: Unleashing Your Creative Potential](https://nubianbiz.com/demystifying-entrepreneurship/)
**Published:** December 22, 2022
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In a world structured around egotism and competition, many have sought to unduly mystify their abilities and talents. And there are always those who would hype such persons’ achievements, blowing them out of proportion to make them look like gods. Meanwhile, those that seem not to possess such ‘talent’ have often allowed themselves to be whittled down to accepting that someone is “better” than them, more special, kind of superhuman.
No wonder, for we have created for ourselves tin-gods who set the standards for us. And by their standards, we are adjudged either smart or stupid. And we have created systems along those lines. For instance, even though we are all unique, we have an educational system which has created a straight jacket into which everyone must fit. The one who’s unable to is labeled a drop-out; a misfit, instead of helping that person to unearth his abilities. No wonder the world is in a dire state of hopelessness, since everyone seems to be going in just one direction!
Through those mindset and systems, we have killed many talents, indeed many Steve Jobses and Bill Gateses because we made them feel that they were useless just because they failed exams. Today, the world continues to celebrate the late Steve Jobs’s life for the way he, as an individual, single-handedly changed the world through technology. But if Steve had sought a managerial position in some large organization when he’d dropped out of college who would’ve considered him? Yet he’d created one of the world’s largest information technology company by revenue!
Certainly, entrepreneurship is a very important vehicle for job creation and economic growth. And that is what the likes of Steve Jobs did and are doing. However, just like the other phenomena that the world considers to be very phenomenal, entrepreneurship has often been blown out of proportion to the extent that, useful as it is, ironically, people dread to be entrepreneurs. This is because for so long now, entrepreneurship has been mystified. Many have made fetish of the phenomenon, giving the impression that it takes a superhuman to be an entrepreneur. Others believe that it’s a special gift that is not available to everyone, and that it can’t be taught. Is that true? Do you believe those views?
In this piece, we’ll attempt to decipher how entrepreneurship came to be shrouded in mystery. That would set the tone for us to figure out how we can demystify it.
**Origin of the Myth**
Entrepreneurship is basically built upon two pillars; namely, innovation and creativity. To innovate is to “make changes in something already existing, as by introducing new methods, ideas, or products.” While creativity involves “the use of imagination or original ideas in order to create something.” (Concise Oxford Dictionary). From these two definitions we can presuppose that everyone has the capacity to be creative and innovative; it is simply a choice. As humans, we are all endowed with the ability to be creative and innovative (we’ll come back to this point later).
However, there are certain external factors that determine whether we are able to exploit those faculties or not. Among these are the environment in which we were raised and formal education.
If we were raised in an environment where we were made to believe that the only option in life was to be employed by a large organization, we’d hardly think of harnessing our creative and innovative prowess for entrepreneurship. And if that situation was coupled with stories of how certain entrepreneurs ‘failed’, our fear of risk would cause us to recoil into our shells and never seek to sharpen our creativity and innovativeness.
Further, the world’s educational system is structured to produce, not entrepreneurs, but employees. So right from primary school, we are taught to think in terms of passing our exams well, getting a good degree, maybe a second or third or even more, and that would “guarantee” a good salary and a successful future.
With the preponderance of that mindset globally, it takes only a few brave ones to take the bold step of starting-up a business. And since they are few in number compared to the majority who seek employment, they are viewed as “super”; as having certain qualities that are not in other humans. But that is pure fallacy! Sure, it takes some very special qualities to succeed as an entrepreneur. Yet, the truth is that anyone who decides to can be innovative and creative and thus be an entrepreneur.
**The Naysayers**
Those that oppose the idea that everyone has the potential to be an entrepreneur often do so chiefly because they are oblivious of the warped systems society has created that stifle entrepreneurship. Those, i.e., the warped systems society has created, are to blame and not the people. Some also confuse entrepreneurship with sound management practice. Hence, when an entrepreneur fails, many would think that it is his idea that failed. While that is true in some instances, many times it has more to do with his management style, especially people and financial management skills–Being an entrepreneur does not necessarily mean that one can be a good manager. And that is what some entrepreneurs fail to realize, which causes failure.
That notwithstanding, another truth is that in entrepreneurship, failure is success. So, the entrepreneur views his failure as a disguised blessing that, handled properly, would propel the business to greater heights!
**Taking off the Shroud**
Having realised that entrepreneurship is not reserved for a few talented people, we now have to disabuse our minds; for it’s one thing knowing the truth but quite another thing accepting it. It is when we accept it that the shroud can be taken off for us to see entrepreneurship in the right light. How do we do that?
The first thing is to convince ourselves that we’re uniquely designed as individuals to be creative and innovative. The One that made us in His image placed those creative and innovative qualities in us. “It is built into the human species,” writes Eugene Raudsepp in his book *How* *Creative* *Are* *You?* Once we convince ourselves of that and actively work to invoke those qualities in us, we would be surprised at just how amazing we can be.
Science believes that using the right side of the brain helps us to be creative. And since we all have that right side of the brain, it means we can all be creative. Thus by stimulating that creative part of the brain we will begin seeing things differently from what everyone else sees. It may make us seem insane to them, but there is the trick!
For example, when Steve Jobs dropped out of college, he hung on to one lecture in auditing and stated that had he not taken that Calligraphy lesson, the Mac wouldn’t have been born. During that time, he was sleeping on the floor in his friends’ rooms and returned coke bottles for cash. Wouldn’t you have thought that he was insane? Yet the truth is now there for us to see! So don’t be afraid to think outside of mainstream thinking.
**How to Stimulate the Creative Part of the brain**
One way to stimulate the creative part of the brain is to have adequate sleep. That may seem absurd to some but actually, sleep is very important. If you find yourself trying to figure out a creative solution to a challenging issue, simply go to sleep! “Many people have found that a problem unresolved at bedtime seems much simpler in the morning, as if the brain had been quietly working on it overnight,” notes *The* *Times* of London. And researcher Dr. Ullrich Wagner said that “sleep acts as a creative learning process.”
So, make sure you sleep very well and that would help the creative part of your brain to function properly.
Reading is also very important in developing the creative mind. Reading a wide range of materials on various subjects from fiction to physics helps to develop the creative mind. This is because since we are interdependent, as we read what others have researched and written down, we acquaint ourselves, not only with the beauty of the different styles of writing there are, but also to interesting pieces of information that we can join with our own to have a clearer picture that may as well be the jewel we need for our business!
Also, when we see an artwork, we listen to music, we watch a drama or a movie, let’s not simply enjoy their beauty and satisfy ourselves with that. It’s helpful to imagine what may have moved that artist, that musician the playwright or scriptwriter to come up with such a masterpiece. In other words, it is helpful to seek to know beyond what is obvious. And that is a way to develop our creative minds.
It is no wonder, then, that proverbs are very beautiful and powerful. Both the one that creates the proverb and the one to whom it is said have their creative minds stimulated to get the meaning. And when the meaning is gotten, it is not applied to just one event or phenomenon but to a wide range of life’s experiences. By putting the thought processes to work that way, our imagination is heightened, and our understanding is enhanced, opening doors to creativity before us.
Developing interest is also very crucial for creativity and innovation. When we have interest in something, we learn it with a passion and practice it with finesse. Thus it is important that you develop interest in entrepreneurship. No one can force you to do so.
Today, many people go to school to study things they are disconnected from. Their motive is the job market and how much money they can make. But that is short-sighted and kills creativity. In his popular speech to students at Stanford University, Jobs encouraged them to look for their passion and follow it. He said “Keep looking. Don’t settle.” If you also keep looking and not settle till you find what you want, that is when your power of creativity and innovation would be triggered-off for marvelous things.
It is when we all seek to develop our creative minds and elicit our potential that we can really reach our dreams. Indeed, the world would have been a better place if we were all not made to live up to someone else’s standards by the system and we did things our own unique way. That is one huge fault that has caused retrogression in the world. I believe that there are many “Steve Jobses” who are tellers at some banks because they are struck by the myths surrounding entrepreneurship. Can you imagine how those could have contributed to changing the world?
Granted, not all of us can be entrepreneurs due to varying circumstances. So, I’m not advocating a mass conversion of everyone to entrepreneurship. However, I believe that there are many who could make great entrepreneurs out there who have settled in their comfort zone and not going out. These are the ones I’m challenging to come out.
It is not only entrepreneurs that have to develop their creative and innovative skills. Employees also need to do so in order to add value to their employers’ business. Some talk about “intrapreneurship”, i.e., being an entrepreneur within an organization, contributing to innovation. That is also a useful way to apply one’s creativity.
However, there are some corporate organizations that simply do not encourage creativity and innovation. If you are in any such organization, please, I implore you to resign as soon as practicable! You may be assured of your salary alright; but do you really enjoy what you are doing? Are you challenged to use your creativity? If you know you have something to offer, please don’t delay, otherwise you may live to regret some day in the future!
**Free Yourself!**
Indeed, creativity and innovation are not the preserve of just a few. We all have the potential. And entrepreneurship is nothing mythical. What matters is the will; if you really have the will, you’ll find the way. Don’t allow yourself to be deceived into believing that you’re not creative. If you really believe that you’re unique and you do well to unearth that uniqueness, you may find your talent.
However, be sure to not do so just to satisfy your ego or with a competitive mindset. That attitude would rather act retrogressively against your vision. Know yourself. Be yourself. Build confidence in yourself. And put yourself to work. You may as well be the world’s next Steve Jobs!
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/julesnene/)
**Categories:** Entrepreneurship
---
### [Maturity and Corporate Leadership](https://nubianbiz.com/maturity-and-corporate-leadership/)
**Published:** March 26, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
> *“Maturity comes when you stop making excuses and start making changes!”*
>
> Unknown
As I always love to put it, The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of bad leadership. (My slant on Karl Marx’s opening words of his Communist Manifesto). It goes without saying that a people can never progress if they have bad leadership. Thus even though humankind as a whole has made tremendous progress in science and technology, sociology, psychology, politics, economics and so on and so forth, the human race continues to sink deeper into retrogression triggered by lovelessness, crime, injustice, corruption and what have you? All this can be traced to one thing—immaturity in leadership.
You see, where you have leaders who think first about personal and at best national interests to the neglect of the common global good, what can we expect? In the name of nationalism, party and self-interests they are always right; they hardly admit their mistakes. Instead, they package these and present them as heroism. What is the result? Fractured or warped thinking that has given birth to a fractured globe. And this type of immature leadership has not spared corporate leadership.
Thus in this piece, my focus is on corporate leadership.
**Corporate Leadership**
Corporate leadership in the global world has been cheapened beyond all measure. I know many will cringe at those words but that is the reality in today’s corporate world. The main reason why I make that assertion is that rating leadership in corporate organizations has been skewed in perspective, limiting it to the attainment of shareholder value. In other words, the emphasis on the balance sheet and upholding of good corporate governance as the main criteria for determining good corporate leadership, while useful, is grossly simplistic and misleading, to say the least. While individually there are some very fine leaders in corporate organizations, many companies that are highly rated have shabby human resources, lack transparency in management, employ under-handed tactics to secure contracts, engage in cut-throat competition, maintain a bad environmental footprint and many, many more. Good corporate leadership should therefore go beyond the embellishment and deal with the real qualitative issues which are more difficult to tackle.
This is very important because since most or maybe all MSME’s look up to especially corporate organizations as role models, if these do not sit up to do the right things, those MSME’s will continue copying bad example which eventually would lead to society at large sinking further in the quagmire of social and economic hopelessness. While regulatory frameworks and their stringent enforcement by relevant authorities may seem plausible, all that would fail if corporate leadership themselves do not get responsible enough to eschew making excuses for their misdemeanor in order to make the right changes towards maturity.
Let’s take a look at some of the issues.
***Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR):*** This is a concept that corporate organizations claim to cherish and uphold by beautifully couching it in business plans and touting it. But how deep does CSR go? While the provision of social amenities is very crucial and appreciated, do corporate organizations do things in other respects that could be regarded as crazy? For instance, corporate organizations engage in fierce competition to gain a bigger market share. Some do so with the overt and/or covert intention of pushing the other company out of business. If they succeeded, how many corporations would be there to provide employment for the people? How much social amenities can be provided? And wouldn’t the mentality of “Each one for himself; God for us all” be further entrenched in society, leading to more and more social vices that make our communities less safe, even for these corporate organizations themselves?
This thus calls for a redefinition of corporate social responsibility and its application by each corporate organisation.
***Respect for Humanity***: Humanity is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as “the quality or state of being human: the quality or state of being kind to other people or to animals: all people.” To what extent does corporate leadership measure up to this? Usually, corporate leadership tends to forget that the decisions they make that impact even just one person impacts all humanity, let alone whole communities and nations. While political leadership is equally blamable in some instances of blatant disregard for humanity by corporate organizations, that does not absolve corporate leadership of their absolute culpableness. A case in sight is with the exploitation of natural resources.
In the rush towards the mirage of development, political leadership, especially in Africa, have become extremely vulnerable to large multi-nationals. An example is what is revealed in the documentary movie by Brad Pitt titled Big Men, which focuses on Ghana’s oil. That alone is enough to, in the least, anger any right-thinking person. Sheer greed and gross lack of respect for humanity on the part of corporate leadership coupled with naivete and greed on the part of political leadership. The common denominator is thus greed disguised as a means of development, leading to the impoverishment of humanity and the satisfaction of a greedy few. And as this plays out daily on a global scale, such despicable organizations are still held in high repute. Extremely incredible and ridiculous; but such is the state of affairs in the global economy. Now, if so-called violators of humanity in political Africa must face the Hague, where are same cases perpetrated by corporate organizations addressed? Are not their actions akin to maiming and killing women and children when they rape and impoverish communities and humanity?
***Exploitation of Human Resources***: Many employees (maybe most) in large organizations hate their jobs; for, any employee who looks forward to the week-end and dreads Mondays hates their job. But they need to pay bills and feed themselves and family. And those are the reasons they continue to endure. In other words, every figure quoted in the corporation’s financial statement at year’s end is the sweat and blood of the employee. How these are treated is thus a critical basis for rating a corporate organization. Yet this factor is blatantly ignored. Spurred on knowingly or unknowingly by the philosophy of the survival of the fittest, human resources are continually impoverished to line up the pockets of just a few. Certainly, a continuous re-evaluation of how this very important resource of corporations is used should be encouraged if corporations would continue to flourish.
**Greed Is Immaturity**
Certainly, those are not exhaustive enough. But as stated before, greed is the negative force that permeates all of this. It is very easy to make excuses why corporate organizations continue running their affairs the way they do. But those excuses simply smack of immaturity. For, if base instincts, as in animals that do not have higher intellect and sense of morality as humans do, are what corporate organization knowingly or unknowingly operator by, how can we say they are mature?
It is time to discard hurtful and selfish philosophies that degrade humanity for higher social and human values to steer the affairs of corporate leadership. Then will corporate leadership make changes towards maturity and accept responsibility; then will the full value of corporations be seen and felt.
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/julesnene/)
**Categories:** Leadership, Management
---
### [To Be or Not to Be—Reflections on Entrepreneurship](https://nubianbiz.com/to-be-or-not-to-be-reflections-on-entrepreneurship/)
**Published:** March 27, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
“Do you wanna be a well-fed slave or a hungry free-man?” This is a question that has intrigued me ever since I first heard it back in 1996 in Lucky Dube’s ‘Well Fed Slave – Hungry Free Man’ track on his Taxman album. How would you answer that question? Even though ‘food’ in this context may refer to all the basic necessities that one needs to live, guaranteed real food is very much appreciated. If in Ghana the average household spends about 52% of its total income on food alone, then this is something to cherish. As a Ga (an ethnic group in Ghana) adage literally goes, “You need a filled stomach to blow a trumpet”. Hence, many would prefer to be slaves and even ill-treated; provided their daily bread is assured.
On the other hand, the one that opts to be free goes hungry. In that hungry state where the intestines in your stomach are rubbing against each other, causing friction, how could you think straight?
Hence, that question is very puzzling, to say the least, and one has to weigh matters carefully before he makes a decision.
**To Be Employed or Start a Business?**
We can comfortably apply this to the dilemma of either seeking employment or starting your own business—to be an entrepreneur or not to be. If you are employed, your time and energy are all regulated by your employer—They determine for you when to wake up, when to eat, when to return home, how much quality time you make for family and friends, your financial status, even your mood and health! However, at least, at the end of the month, you have a salary—well-fed slave. Thus would you not rather prefer to have a guaranteed pay-cheque every month—all other things being equal—than run your own business and go without a pay-cheque, sometimes for months?
Conversely, as an entrepreneur, you are challenged to put your brain to work (certainly, I do no mean that all employees do not get to put their brain to work. In this context, I mean the challenge to be continuously creative and innovative). You also determine where to invest your time and energy, what business ideas to pursue and a wide latitude of other freedoms. However, you have to start on a modest note and sometimes you do not see the face of a cheque for months—a hungry free-man.
So which one would you choose—to be a well-fed slave or to be a hungry free-man?
**The Choice**
It is a fact that there are many who are currently employed and would love to have their own business in order to take control of their lives but are scared of the risk involved. Similarly, there are those who have finished school and looked for a job for years but cannot find one and so would like to own a business. But their problem is What business? Yet, others who have answered that question say “I really wanna go into business. But I don’t have the capital to start it”. What can these do?
To be sure, running your own business is better than being employed, if you asked me. Apart from the freedom that it gives you, you are regularly challenged to be innovative in order to find solutions to otherwise perplexing challenges. What is more, you get your money working for you, rather than you working for your money. Hence, I would opt for being a hungry free-man. After all, the hungry free-man has the potential of making some well-fed slaves for himself but not the other way round. But I do not know about you.
In this piece, we will be looking at what entrepreneurship means and how you can become successful as an entrepreneur, irrespective of daunting challenges.
**What Entrepreneurship Means**
Entrepreneurship is the creation of a new business in the face of risk and uncertainty for the purpose of achieving profit and growth by identifying significant opportunities and assembling the necessary resources to capitalise on them.
The foregoing definition identifies certain ingredients that characterize entrepreneurship: 1) creation of a new business, 2) the ability to take risks and face uncertainties and 3) assembling resources to exploit those opportunities. Is it daunting? It may seem so. But do not worry, you can do it! Let us see how.
The creation of a new business emanates basically from creativity and innovation.
Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities. How can you do that? Talk, talk, talk to people. Or better still, converse with them. As you do so, ask leading questions that would illicit long responses and pay rapt attention. Also, listen to the news and good talk-show programmes. As you do so, you will come to know what challenges people are facing. And that might just give you a new business idea.
Also, there are so many happenings in life/society that we see as problems. But the entrepreneur’s demeanour is guided by the well-known adage; ‘Every misfortune is a blessing in disguise’. Thus while others are lamenting over a happening or condition or whatever, the entrepreneur is interested in how he can turn those concerns into business ideas through which he can help society solve those problems; and voi-la, he has got it!
Yet the most important source of business ideas is *yourself—*things you enjoy doing best, your talents! In fact, if your business idea emanates from your hobby, you do it best and without hassle since you enjoy doing it. And no one can replicate what you do perfectly since it is from within you. For example, for you Reggae music lovers, take Bob Marley. That man just loved music and doing music. And he invested his every thing into it. Mind you, it was not for the money, but for what he believed he had for society. The result is that no one can ever play music the exact way he did it; no matter how hard they try to imitate him–not even his own kids! No wonder after many decades since he died music that he made in the sixties and seventies are still revered. And issues that he raised are still largely relevant. We can say similarly for Michael Jackson. Like him or hate him. But no matter how anyone can sing and dance like him, no one can come up with the same creativity and finesse in his singing, his dance moves and all—not even Ussher. And this equally applies to the Michael Jordans, the Messis, the Stephen “Tornado” Appiahs and so on. Hence, in going into business, if really you are original and come up with an idea that is original, you need not worry about competition. And as you do what you love to do so well, not for the money per se but for the love of it, the reward—profit—will come as a matter of course.
Innovation on the other hand is the ability to apply creative solutions to problems and opportunities to enhance and to enrich people’s lives. The latter part of the definition of innovation here implies that a sincere interest in people–their problems and how to solve these–gives birth to business solutions or innovation.
“Necessity”, they say, “is the mother of invention”. Thus as you genuinely and altruistically seek-out ways of meeting a human need, you will definitely come up with a solution if you believe that “To every problem there is a solution”. And that becomes an innovation that eventually puts food on, not just your own table, but others’ as well! The following is one practical example:
Mr. Millah needed to send some money urgently for his sick mother to be attended to in the Northern Region of Ghana. Efforts to get this done yielded no positive result. Eventually, he had to leave everything behind and trek up to the North to get this done. While on this journey, he conceived the Instant Money Transfer (IMT) idea (now defunct). And that became the first ever domestic money transfer service in, not only Ghana, but Africa! You can call the idea a ‘bomb’. But that was how it started. Hence, according to him, the solutions to our problems are right in front of us; under our noses! But we do not see them. Why? Because we opt to look too far ahead of us. And over there, the only thing you can see is a mirage. So, henceforth, just look around you carefully and you will see that business solution that will benefit both you and society at large.
**The Risks**
All said and done, entrepreneurship involves enormous risks, opportunity costs and challenges which the entrepreneur should be ready to countenance. The risks include the possibility of failure which might lead to the loss of investments in terms of money and time spent. The opportunity cost of foregoing a less hassle life-style while earning a regular income can also be quite significant. Couple these with possible discouraging remarks/reactions from family, relations and others and the task would be daunting. But should these negativities shut your eyes to reaching your peak? Not necessarily.
Talking of risks, if the Wright brothers had not taken the risk to design and fly an airplane, would they have succeeded? And would we have been benefited by having this, arguably, safest means of transportation? Well, the fact is, risks are around us all the time anyway. Only they vary in degrees. And what might be risky to someone else may be normal to you. What makes the difference? Your positive out-look and pragmatic risk management skills. And these you can acquire!
Regarding disparaging comments, let them rather serve as a catalyst—the will to prove the skeptics wrong. Yet you have to be balanced in doing so, else you ignore some warning signals that can equally be beneficial to you. The point is this: While you do not allow negative comments to adversely affect you, do not disregard everything that you are told. Since those who say them are equally intelligent human beings, there must be something you can learn from what they say. Use some of those negative comments as guideposts in managing risks rather than running away from them. However, do not hesitate to chuck out of the window those that are irrelevant.
Further, the definition of innovation requires that the entrepreneur be able to assemble the resources needed to achieve his business goal. These resources are both human and material. Some of them you have to buy. Others you can borrow. Yet the greatest resource is yourself! Without you, those other resources would lie down for the next countless billions of years and they would accomplish nothing. Hence, do not allow the absence or unavailability of material resources to hold you back from setting out on your entrepreneurial journey!
**The Qualities of an Entrepreneur**
However, for the entrepreneur’s business to succeed, there are certain vital qualities that he must posses. Some of them are the following:
**Confidence.** You should have confidence for success. You need to believe in yourself and your business plan. This would invariably give you the necessary impetus to persevere, especially when challenges towards achieving your goal rear their ugly heads.
Also, as an entrepreneur, you must **eschew fear**—fear of failure and subsequent reactions from others, fear of the unknown, fear of not having a regular income to enable you pay your bills and the like. By being able to build your confidence, your fears for the unknown would be greatly curtailed. Fear destroys hope and weakens a person’s nervous stamina, even to the point of bringing about death. In such a state, one becomes prone to making mistakes. Worse still, innovation and creativity are stifled. So avoid it at all costs! I have been inspired by the following lyrics of Whitney Houston’s track The Greatest Love of All and I hope it inspires you too: “I decided long ago, never to walk in anyone’s shadows. If I fail, if I succeed, At least I live as I believe. No matter what they take from me, They can’t take away my dignity”. However, this can be better achieved if you have the requisite competence.
**Competence** requires that the entrepreneur has basic skills in areas of study such as business planning, organizing, and leadership. To this end, you can take advantage of seminars, workshops, distance learning and even personal development to acquire such skills as basic book-keeping, finance, business law, and other facets of management.
Further, you must learn to **be frugal**. This is one of the very important traits required of an entrepreneur. This is especially so in view of the perception many have that entrepreneurs are rich and so much is expected of them in both extended family and social circles. An entrepreneur who is not thrifty could quickly lose his working capital to funeral arrangements and treating friends. Frugality also implies that, instead of investing in, say an expensive car, the entrepreneur concentrates more on practicality and not the desire to be ostentatious.
You also need to **be responsible**. A favourite quote that my mom taught me is ‘Freedom means responsibility’. One of the reasons why entrepreneurs set themselves up is to enjoy freedom from employers’ harsh demands and scant wages/salaries. However, this comes with its own price-tag of responsibility. In this vein, the entrepreneur should be disciplined in areas such as the time to report at work, separating personal finances from company accounts and the like. The absence of such a quality can prove quite fatal to an otherwise brilliant business venture.
**Honesty** is also one key requirement for success as an entrepreneur; honesty especially towards the company’s publics such as suppliers, creditors, employees and customers/clients is very essential. If you do not have it, cultivate it. It might save you at some point just when you think all hope is gone.
**Cultivate the culture of investment**. As an entrepreneur you should recognize that apart from your own business, you can also invest in others’ businesses by buying shares and putting money into investment funds and/or treasury bills. This would make your otherwise dormant money available for those businesses while they improve your own investment portfolio and wealth creation—making your money work for you rather than vice-versa.
**Solving the Problem of Lack of Capital**
Now to the first reason many cite for not going into business; Limited access to finance! Admittedly, access to start-up capital and business loans from banks and non-bank financial institutions is absolutely difficult, if not non-existent in our part of the world, Africa. And where these are available the collateral security required coupled with high interest rates make it virtually impossible for the micro/small business entrepreneur to access necessary funds.
However, in today’s knowledge economy, I personally do not see why the difficulty in accessing capital should be a terminal problem. Many who complain about lack of capital do so because, invariably, they like to start their business on a pedestal that suggests that the business is already successful; a fanciful office at a great location, a number of employees to call them “Sir” and “Boss”, a car and the like. What they forget to appreciate, though, is that in today’s technological age, it has become easier than any time in the past to run a multi-million dollar business right from one’s brief case, starting with next-to-nothing. Hence, a creative and innovative entrepreneur would not resign himself to hopelessness just because he does not have capital; after all the most important capital is YOU. So just get your business plan drawn up, register your outfit and set out to do business. At any rate, remember that credit is also a form of finance. If you create a credible reputation for yourself as an honest person, suppliers you know and friends/relations can be of help.
To this point, how would you answer the question—Do you wanna be a well-fed slave or a hungry free-man? Well, this is how Lucky ended it: “Now you’ve heard it all. It is time to make up your own mind –To be or not to be….”
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business, Entrepreneurship
---
### [The UK Riots—Lessons for Business and Society](https://nubianbiz.com/the-uk-riots-lessons-for-business-and-society/)
**Published:** April 23, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
**This article was originally published in August of 2011 in the Business and Financial Times, Ghana.**
The power of music as an art cannot be overemphasized. Through music, we express our fears, joys, love, beliefs and what have you?
Like many others, I don’t listen to music simply for pleasure. I learn so much about life through expressions I listen to in music. Today, I want to share a bit of the lyrics of some of my all-time favourite musicians. One is Jimmy Cliff. What he says in this music, if taken seriously, can help avert many of the problems we encounter in society:
“Treat the youths right Instead of putting up a fight Treat the youths right Or you’ll be playin’ with dynamite….When you go and look for a job There is someone givin’ you a fight Light them on, get to go and rob Then we know that that’s not right”.
Those lyrics came to life in my mind as I watched scenes of the recent riots in the UK. By now, we all have heard so much about it, so I won’t bore you with details. But what caused the riots?
**Social Causes of the Riots**
There are varied opinions about this. However, I find the following especially poignant: High unemployment and cuts in public services, economic crisis and social exclusion, poverty, the growing gap between rich and poor.
If you asked me, I would *never* resort to violence. Neither would I encourage nor condone it simply because of the above reasons. All the same, we were all raised differently and have been molded by various philosophies and doctrines. As a result, is it not wise for society to dispassionately analyse situations such as we are discussing before drawing conclusions?
It is very easy to tag all those who were involved in the violent riots as criminals, deviants and the like. But could a deep reflection on this lead society to realize that it itself is the culprit, the criminal? As I usually do, I would like to analyse the issues from the perspective of the five (5) institutions that form society:
**The Political Institution**
According to the BBC, “Former London mayor and future mayoral candidate Ken Livingstone told the BBC that the anger was fuelled by disengagement. ‘There is a level of despair out there. We have got to have a government that speaks to the whole community, not just the layer at the top.”’
True leadership in government has become a very rare commodity in the world’s politics. This is because world leaders have lost their way; they’re just not getting it right. Inundated and overwhelmed by the mounting needs in society, the world’s governments have resorted to tactics that are simply not working. Thus, the rich get richer while the poor get poorer.
Even though many of these governments may have very good intentions, they are simply clueless as to the real causes of the problems and their solutions. Hence all the antidotes that have been prescribed to date have only been cosmetic—dealing with the symptoms instead of the real causes.
Such a state of leadership would only logically produce a volatile state-of-affairs with despair and hopelessness among the masses. With all the pressure built in, therefore, it takes just one small careless mistake to ignite an already excitable youth.
**The Religious Institution**
Imperfect man desires boundless freedom. Many people therefore spurn authority. It was therefore a welcomed idea when Charles Darwin published his “findings” in The Origin of the Species. With this evolutionary theory, Darwin sought to “kill” God in society. Many who didn’t want to feel responsible to God quickly pandered to that under-handed theory.
Today, many in the Western world no longer believe in God. Couple this with atrocities that have been perpetrated in the name of God and you would understand why religion is no longer popular among many youths. On the other hand, in especially our part of the world, popular religion has taught people that God blesses his worshippers with material wealth. Religious leaders thus encourage their followers to seek glory in riches through the doctrine of prosperity.
Apart from that, many are now questioning religion in view of the hypocrisy they observe among many religious teachers.
Hence, in the absence of true spiritual guidance, many no longer live by God’s high standards. So, when the youth are excited, many do just anything since there is no moral restraint.
**The Marital Institution**
The family, which is the basic unit of society, is under the threat of extinction. In the name of modernity, some have borne children out of wedlock. Others have found every conceivable reason to divorce their spouses.
The result is that many children that come from such family situations do not receive adequate parental guidance and discipline.
Furthermore, the harsh economic realities of the day and the quest to be counted among the Joneses have pushed both parents to work long hours for more money.
Left in the care of violent and immoral video/computer games, the TV, house-helps and schoolteachers, children get to pick all sorts of behaviors that parents even wonder how it happened. Should you blame such a child if it becomes disposed to rage and violence?
**The educational** System
Over the years, the world’s educational system has consistently failed to live up to expectations. Thus, it churns out school graduates who are either unemployable or are unable to hold down a job successfully.
Furthermore, the educational system has not been able to implant in students the right motives for seeking education—that of becoming an asset to society. Rather, students study simply so they can find a well-paying job. Thus when they come out into the real world to face reality, some become despondent.
Also, the educational system has sought to “kill” God. So, it thrives mainly on imperfect human philosophies. As a result, some otherwise spiritual children go to school only to come out differently, with their moral compass distorted. Yet, these philosophies are not able to deal with the real issues. But since it is an abomination to apply Scripture to social matters the solution will never be found. This is because “The significant *problems* we have *cannot be solved* at the *same level* of thinking with which we created them”–Albert Einstein (Italics not mine). We need higher principles.
**The Economic Institution**
This is where I want to dwell more on since that is where business belongs**.** The focus of business over the years has been to primarily make profits By making the “making-of-profits” objective paramount in business, companies have over the decades chased this interest by any means, both fair and foul, and have neglected the needs of the larger society.
Some may claim to be socially responsible because they have built a few classroom blocks and paid their taxes. But if that is the extent to which social responsibility is taken, is it not both mediocre and deceptive? Which business organisation, for instance, has a comprehensive youth policy? Which of them has a far-reaching family policy? Yet, while each of these social institutions affect the other, since we live in a material world, the economic institution has had a greater impact, in my view, on the other institutions, either for the better or for the worse. It has thus affected the very existence of man profoundly. Now, here are some of the ways big business, especially, has contributed to the nature of the world’s social conditions which, if steps are not taken immediately to start addressing these issues, we can only expect more upheavals, maybe even worse ones, around the globe.
**The Real Issues**
Big business has always sought ways to lobby government, the political institution, to its advantage. This includes the tax code and laws that pertain to business practice and employment issues, among others. In doing so, business has always neglected the bigger picture which which is society. Inward-looking, big business’s interest has always been myopic. Hence, the widening gap between the haves and have-nots.
Yet, in order to enjoy their wealth, they haven’t stopped short of making sure that the political system clamps down on criminals, forgetting that they are actually more culpable! As Peter Tosh puts it succinctly, “Everyone is talking about crime. But tell me, Who are the criminals?” When society is able to find the REAL criminals and decisively deal with them, then there will be, as Tosh put it, “Equal Rights and Justice”. Then criminal activity will be curtailed. It is true that the political institution bears a great responsibility. Yet as players in the economic institution, we can’t extricate ourselves from sharing that responsibility.
Historical records abound with the relationship between big commercial interests and religion. For instance, merchants rode on the back of religionists to economically and politically colonise Africa and other lands. And to date, things haven’t changed. The influence of big business on the morality and otherwise of churchgoers, for instance, can be seen during religious harvests. in church. At that time, some business tycoons with a questionable character who even hardly go to church are made chairpersons or given other “honourable” roles so they can make generous donations. And they revel in such recognition. Furthermore, several businesses, especially, in Africa have used religious slogans for the success of their businesses, giving the impression that it’s from God.
What the youths have learned from all this is that money is the most important thing. And it is God who grants it. Further, it doesn’t matter how you make it. After all, even if you commit the most heinous sin and take a huge sum of cash to the pastor to pray for you, God will forgive you. With that kind of example, can we expect the youth to take pride in virtue?
The educational system or institution (and here emphasis is on formal education) has been deemed to be the sole responsibility of government. Yet, apart from big business benefiting from the patronage of their goods and services by students, they expect them to form their human resource base. Yet how much does big business contribute to improving education itself and educational facilities? However, they are quick to point out how the polytechnics and universities are unable to train students to meet changing work needs. So, when the youth come out and they have no jobs, can big business claim innocence? Hardly! Hence when the youth get frustrated and vent their dejection in unpalatable ways, would their arrest and processing for court and possible jail terms solve the problem? They may even come out of prison more dangerous than before they went there. Besides, while there, the taxpayer’s money that could have helped support some urgent social needs would be going to maintain prison facilities and personnel!
Apart from that, because big business does not look at the larger picture, they have not changed their old ways of doing things. Meanwhile, as Albert Einstein put it, it is “Insanity doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.” This means that productivity is left at mediocre levels and so jobs cannot be created to absorb the teeming youths. Well, as you know, the Devil finds work for the idle hand!
One institution that business has had a very intense impact on is the Marital Institution. Big business hardly gives consideration to how it has impacted this very important institution in society. Spouses are transferred even when their partners cannot possibly move with them. Married people are made to work long hours and sometimes deep into the night. Even if this does not necessarily lead to immorality, it breeds mutual suspicion between marriage mates. And this has led to the dissolution of some marriages. And where they decide not to, they are trapped in an unhappy relationship.
On the other hand, as noted earlier, since parents are hardly available to bring up their children, they are left to secondary socialization agents who may be feeding them with wrong ideas. Should business not take responsibility if these children later become problem-children or if they are emotionally unstable and so indulge in socially unacceptable behaviour?
Are we taking these lessons seriously? It is time for all-and-sundry to begin looking at the bigger picture in order to figure out the best possible solution. The world is sitting on a time-bomb. And I’m inclined to believe that world leaders are aware of that. The role that social media played in the UK riots and in the Arab Springs should alert us that anything is possible in these highly unpredictable times. And big business has a big role to play. We must eschew the selfish ways we’ve done things in the past. For then, everyone will have a measure of satisfaction.
Please check out the lyrics in this song by Bob Marley titled “So Much Trouble in the World” released in 1979, and try to figure out who the cornerstone might be:
“Bless my eyes this morning JAH sun is on the rise once again The way earthly things are going Anything can happen You see men sailing on their ego trips Blast off on their spaceships Million miles from reality No care for you, no care for me…. All you’ve got to do is give a little give a little, give a little….So you think you have found the solution But it’s just another illusion So before you check out your tide Don’t leave another cornerstone standing there behind We have got to face the day, come what may We the street people talking, we the people struggling Now they are sitting on a time bomb Now I know the time has come What goes up must come down Goes around comes around There is so much trouble in the world”.
*The author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults (US), LLC, a Strategy, Management and ICT firm.*
*www.soleilvision.com*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
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**Categories:** Business, Management, Society
---
### [Cooking Up Success: The Recipe for a Thriving Business](https://nubianbiz.com/what-are-you-cooking/)
**Published:** April 23, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Food is one of the delights of mankind. And gratefully, there is a variety of it. The types of food there are, are endless. And what is more, any creative person can ‘design’ his own type of cuisine.
Originally, mankind ate fresh foods—fruits, vegetables, nuts and grains; most of which didn’t require cooking. When cooking actually begun is still a debatable issue. But most likely, that could be when man begun eating meat and fish which would generally require cooking.
There are various forms of cooking—baking, boiling, roasting, smoking, frying, steaming, braising and most recently, microwaving. Invariably, cooking requires the application of heat, although in some cases, that can also be achieved through chemical reactions, as in the case of “Ceviche, a traditional Spanish dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice”—Wikipedia
Cooking achieves several purposes including enhancing taste, flavour, preservation and the like. But whatever the method employed, food served should be balanced. A balanced diet is a meal that combines all the needed ingredients in their right proportions. These are carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins, oil/fat and water. When balanced diet is taken, it gives the body vitality and boosts the immune system, among other benefits. If food is not taken over a long period of time, it can lead to death. Meanwhile, if the right nutrients are missing, even though a person may be eating regularly, he would develop such conditions as kwashiorkor and scurvy. Eating good food, not just food, is thus very crucial to life.
**Business-Kitchen**
We all work to, as the saying goes, put food on the table. But have you ever considered the work you do as food itself? And are you aware that in the business-kitchen, management is the chef? Let’s look at some practical examples:
In the food chain, what is raw material is actually food for another. For instance, the raw material of fish becomes food to man when processed. Similarly, what your orgnisation produces as its final product, may be either an ingredient or whole food for another organisaton. The same principle applies to the final consumer. So what are you cooking? Do you cook it right?
As in the case of real food, the absence of certain ‘ingredients’ in your product or service could lead to ‘kwashiorkor’, ‘scurvy’ or even ‘death’ in another business. Each one of us, then, does well to ask how we are doing in the food chain of business.
**Chef-Management**
The chef is typically the chief cook. He is responsible for managing the kitchen and its staff and makes sure that whatever goes out of the kitchen meets the right standards. He also creates the menu and procures inventory. He takes responsibility for whatever emanates from the kitchen; whether positive or negative, good or bad.
Management as chef of the organisation likewise takes responsibility for the production and distribution of its goods and services. This is a weighty responsibility that should be handled with care. Management, in creating the menu for the organization to prepare and serve its customers thus takes care of planning and organizing, among other things to ensure that what is required is prepared at the right time and to the expected standard.
In taking care of this responsibility, then, we do well to ask management how effectively it is doing it. If chef-management really pursues excellence, it would be interested in gauging the culinary demands of its customers and make that the centre of its activities. In other words, the company becomes customer-centric. This place that the customer rightfully occupies would dictate to chef-management what menu to create, materials to be procured and the way these materials should be put together to provide a tasty and healthful dish of quality products and services that meet customer expectations.
In the kitchen, the computing principle of GIGO (garbage in, garbage out) applies very much. What do you think would happen if the chef decided to select rotten tomatoes and expired salad cream but in combination with salad leaves in excellent condition, how would the salad taste? It could even poison the eater!
In like manner, if management decides to work with poorly motivated human resources and choose cheap raw materials or spare-parts for production, but with state-of-the-art machinery, the output would be slipshod. That is why it is necessary for management to apply the principles of Total Quality Management (TQM). In this way, an astute management-chef does not need a competitor to prompt them in doing the right things.
It is, therefore, necessary for each one of us in management positions to ask ourselves: “Am I employing all the ingredients of quality human and material resources to produce a well-balanced diet of quality products and services? Or in a bid to beat the competition I select the bad ones and mix them with outwardly impressive edifices and equipment?” the latter scenario would be beneficial in the short-term but not in the long-term!
**Management of Cooks**
The chef manages the kitchen staff, principal among who are the cooks. The cooks are there to support the chef in achieving his aim (on a lighter note, I wonder why all the chefs I’ve come across are men). If the chef does not motivate the cooks under him, he stands the danger of losing his job or business. This is because a cook may inadvertently do the wrong thing due to down-heartedness and that can cost the chef dearly. In extreme cases, though, the cooks may deliberately sabotage the chef and ruin his reputation!
I heard the story in the early-to-mid 2000’s of the assistant at a popular rice and beans (waakye) joint in Accra, Ghana who deliberately poisoned the food of her mistress for whatever reasons. That sent many customers to hospital.
So chef-management, how do you treat your employees? Do you view them as non-entities whose responsibility is to just do what they are told, get paid a pauper’s wage and leave? Well, in that case, your employees would be working perfunctorily and sometimes absent mindedly. And if that continues, you may end up losing your customers because quality is not being served. And as in the case of the ‘waakye’ joint episode, some of your employees, albeit wrong, would be so disgruntled that they would deliberately do things to jeopardize your organization or business.
On the other hand, if you treat them well and give them a stake in the organization or your business, they would do all they can in their power to elevate the image of your organization. Once again, no amount of competition would help you to reach that height!
In Ghanaian cuisine, one ingredient that is cherished by a lot is stinking fish (mormorni). It stinks alright, but when added to such dishes as palava sauce, okro stew or garden egg stew, many can’t help but continue devouring the food without even realizing that they’re full!
In your organization, is there a mormorni-emplyee? The first reaction may be to get rid of him; throw him out to the garbage dump. But you might actually be throwing out what you really need to enhance the taste and flavor of your services or products!
The natural smell of mormorni is repugnant, granted. But we appreciate its use. Similarly, in your employee selection process, or even after full-employment, you may come to realize that a particular employee seems to be a non-conformist—almost always wrestling management. That could amount to pungent smell for management. But is that person necessarily bad? Does he desire to see the company slump? Or could it be that, blended well, this person may be the one to give the organization that new direction or luster and progressiveness through his constructive criticisms and willingness to challenge the status quo?
Yes, seek to make good use of your mormorni-employee; he might just be the one to help you win the loyalty of your customer!
**Employee-Cook**
As an employee, you are the cook in the organization or business, helping the kitchen to serve sumptuous, healthful meals of quality products and services to the customers of the organization. A cook who is not engaged in the company’s activities would become a weak link in the food chain of production. If that should happen, you can’t earn the trust of your employer, let alone be accorded honour with bigger and more dignifying roles or responsibilities.
As an employee-cook, then, you need to understand the menu of product/service mix of the organization. It doesn’t matter whether you are in marketing or accounting. You must educate yourself adequately on the company’s products and services vis-à-vis its mission and vision. This would arm you with the right perspective to discern creative and innovative ways to contribute towards the achievement of success for the organization.
In the kitchen, a cook who doesn’t appreciate quality customer service would take things for granted and use ingredients that are either inappropriate or rotten. In like manner, if you as an employee, whether in production or reception don’t appreciate the essence of customer service and how to deliver it effectively, you would become ‘sand’ in the ‘gari’ prepared by chef-management.
When your employer’s customers are dissatisfied, they will leave. While you might find another job elsewhere if the business collapses as a result, you have just deprived a sibling or a relative of yours of finding a job with a highly successful organization!
Hence, as an employee, you do well to ask yourself if you are really a good cook in the kitchen of your employer or a bad one. If you are of the latter category, do an honest introspective analysis of yourself and find areas in which you need improvements. Even if you are of the former category, there’s always more room for improvement.
Some ways you can contribute to the quality of the meals of products and services served by your organization is to be creative and innovative.
In the kitchen, a creative cook can think of the creation of a dish that could become the hallmark of the restaurant’s reputation. In the same vein, by studying your organization and understanding the functions of each department, you could come up with ways in which the resources of the departments could be better harnessed to develop a new product or service that could become the milk-cow of the organization.
**Cook Right!**
Whether chef-management or cook-employee, we all have very critical roles to play in the outworking of things in the organization. How we perform our respective roles and the mutual respect and dignity accorded each other, would go a long way in developing an excellent menu of product/service mix and nutritious meals of high quality products and services for our customers.
If you haven’t yet taken breakfast or lunch, I hope I whetted your appetite for it. All the same, what are you cooking, poison or food?
*The Author is CEO/Managing Partner at Soleil Consults; Management, Strategy & ICT Consultants (www.soleilvision.com).*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/julesnene/)
**Categories:** Business, HR/HC, Leadership, Management
---
### [The Dangers of Consumerism: A Threat to Our Planet's Future](https://nubianbiz.com/consumerism-a-canker-to-economic-growth-and-a-threat-to-the-environment/)
**Published:** June 7, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
I would like to begin with this quote from the Sociologist and Economist Thorstein Veblen:
*“It is true of dress in even a higher degree than of most other items of consumption, that people will undergo a very considerable degree of privation in the comforts or the necessaries of life in order to afford what is considered a decent amount of wasteful consumption; so that it is by no means an uncommon occurrence, in an inclement climate, for people to go ill clad in order to appear well dressed.”* (The Theory of the Leisure Class, 1899).
Human society always seems to move in the same direction. This is especially true of the 20th and 21st Centuries. The social dynamics of these eras has been unprecedented and has further been catalysed principally by improved and affordable communication, easy access to information and effective transportation systems. This has created a global village that is intricately interdependent. Inherent in this phenomenon is the tendency to do things the way they are done elsewhere, especially in lands that are perceived to be more ‘civilised’ and ‘prosperous’. While that is not wrong in itself, blindly following what others do can be very deceptive; even fatal. This realization should move discerning people and businesses to avoid travelling down the road the majority is going. The statement “The voice of the people is the voice of God”, invariably promotes popular opinion as sacred. However, time and again, it has been proven that the majority can also go wrong, thus rendering inoperative that mantra.
> “After the second world war, American economists and the government of the day decided to revive economic activity by creating a culture in which people were encouraged to accumulate and show off material wealth, to the point where it defined their status in society and their self-image”
Is it not true that those who succeed in creating wealth or becoming heroes are those who dare to do things differently, going against popular opinion? For instance, if Bill Gates had believed that a university degree was the all-important thing that was needed to succeed in life, would he have dropped out of college to innovate and create to change the world the way he did and build such an empire of a business?
In the track ‘[Touch Your Dreams](htpp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqDABhYpOVs&ab_channel=LuckyDube-Topic)” in his last Album ‘Respect’, the late music legend [Lucky Philip Dube](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Dube) said “Don’t let them tell you it is impossible. That is what they told all heroes before. In a hero’s mind the word does not exist”. Why are heroes always told it is impossible? Simply because of this: They decide to travel, not in the same direction as others do, but the opposite. Other times they choose to take an entirely different road. This is the mentality that socially responsible businesses should develop rather than going the way the world has travelled over the years, especially, in promoting consumerism to the detriment of the environment.
> “Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction and our ego satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever-increasing rate”.
>
> Victor Lebow
In this article, discover the destructive impact of consumerism on our planet and society. Learn how to break free from the cycle of consumption and embrace sustainable living for a better future.
**What is consumerism?**
A definition of consumerism, according to Webster’s dictionary, is
“The theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable.” It continues to state that “The older term and concept of “conspicuous consumption” originated at the turn of the 20th century in the writings of sociologist and economist, Thorstein Veblen” who was credited to have made the comment about consumerism quoted at the outset of this article.
Consumerism is not an altogether modern phenomenon. It has been associated with ancient empires that flourished materially, among whom were Egypt, Babylon, Greece and Rome. However, consumerism has especially become more pronounced in the second half of the 20th Century and the 21st Century. Hence, an examination of how this has come about would be quite instructive in our understanding of the phenomenon and thus take bold corrective measures that would both curb it and help to alleviate its negative consequences.
**Modern consumerism**
Writing in the New Scientist magazine, Andy Coghlan paraphrased William Rees of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada as saying that “After the second world war, American economists and the government of the day decided to revive economic activity by creating a culture in which people were encouraged to accumulate and show off material wealth, to the point where it defined
> Currently, we are “consuming 30 per cent more material than is sustainable from the world’s resources.
their status in society and their self-image”. Coghlan said in his article that Rees quoted economist Victor Lebow as saying in 1955: “Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction and our ego satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever-increasing rate”.
Should we be surprised that this is exactly how most of the world’s richest economies are driven? Goods are no longer produced to last; they are meant to be used and discarded in no time so that mass production can continue to propel big business for economic growth. While many would object to the statement that we have made “consumption our way of life”, and buy and use goods as a ritual, “that we seek our spiritual satisfaction and our ego satisfaction in consumption”, it is still a fact that we have an insatiable desire to consume; and we do so without consideration to the environment and our own responsibility of creating wealth by generating businesses that pursue laudable social goals. We have rather become pawns of advertisers, even as Coghlan quotes Rees as saying: “Lebow and his cronies got together to ‘create’ the modern advertising industry, which plays to primitive beliefs. It makes you feel insecure, because the advertising industry turned our sense of self-worth into a symbolic presentation of the possessions we have. We’ve turned consumption into a necessity, and how we define ourselves.”
**The dire effects of consumerism**
What has been the result of such a tendency? In that same article titled *Consumerism is ‘eating the future’* Coghlan *says “*The result is a world in which rampant consumption in rich countries is rapidly outstripping the resources in the world needed to satisfy demand.” Currently, we are “consuming 30 per cent more material than is sustainable from the world’s resources”, Rees mentioned to Coghlan. Hence, those countries that have either already depleted their resources or lack them now seek to greedily exploit such materials from poorer nations who still have them in abundance, such as in Africa.
If this is the road the so-called developed world has travelled, have we not learned enough from their experience to avoid that same path? Unfortunately, though, we’re also travelling down that road. And big business is promoting that. Yet, once again, unfortunately, the majority of those big businesses are foreign. And through crafty advertising and the presentation of glamorous lifestyles in the media, especially in entertainment, we are blindly copying those lifestyles to the detriment of our social fibre, economy and environment.
In one of my Sociology classes, a professor said the typical sociologist, when he is contemplative, observes people as they go and come wondering where they come from, who their parents might be and whether they are alive at all, and so on and so forth.
Don’t be surprised then when I say I was inspired to write this piece while sitting at the Accra Mall, [Ghana](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana) for a meeting. While there, I could observe how many people streamed in there, as they did other shopping and entertainment centres. While it is true that many come there for purposes other than to shop, such as for window-shopping and other reasons (even to look for dates), the majority go there to spend and consume. In my thought as a typical social thinker, I asked: “Why are all these people here? Just to buy, buy, buy! And for what reason? To consume!” Of course, it’s not wrong to purchase and enjoy life’s necessities. Besides, those purchases enable those businesses from whom those goods are bought to make sales and thus thrive. However, when those purchases become impulsive or are deemed to put one in a certain social class or pedestal, it becomes a bane on the economy and the environment.
One thing that struck me was that the majority of those I was observing could be salaried workers and who normally think of consumption rather than investing. Thus what they earn or receive goes into buying and enjoying consumer goods, making those businesses richer. And since they are never satisfied, they would always expect their employers to raise their salaries, and the same vicious cycle of earning and consuming continues without thinking of investing. And even if they do think about investing, they shrug and sometimes even whine that they don’t earn enough to enable them invest! My question then is: If we continue like this, how would Africa’s economy ever grow?
We can take a cue from what happened in many western economies starting in 2007. As already discussed, these economies run on consumption. And since cash is needed to facilitate consumption, they have had to run on credit because many people can’t afford what they buy! The result is that, apart from the few smart ones who realized at some point that they couldn’t possibly succeed unless they started businesses of their own and took the bold steps to do such, the majority were in a vicious cycle of earn, pay taxes, spend and if the money was not enough, use credit. No wonder many were buried in an avalanche of debts! And with the inability to pay back those debts what happened? They lost their homes because of inability to service mortgages, and with no one to buy those homes since many were in debt those banks and ancillary businesses lost their monies, leading to a financial crunch and lay-offs! Are we learning?
I get so worried when I see financial institutions encouraging consumers to come for loans to buy cars, homes, home appliances and the like. Are these things really assets? Do they help the owners to earn more money or lose more and become slaves to those financial institutions, with the risk of even losing those possessions if they should default because of some mishap? Can we appreciate one reason why a lot of young people are stressed and unhappy and dying, both in Africa and western countries? And what is the culprit? Consumerism–“Equating personal happiness with the purchasing of material possessions and consumption” which is downright illusionary!
If we continue to run our businesses along these lines, we would only be killing ourselves and the economy. The reason is this: We are unable to absorb the glut of the unemployed who are our potential customers. Yet, since we don’t encourage those already employed to invest and consume out of the profits therefrom derived, there are few businesses to offer employment. Hence with higher unemployment rates who would buy our goods and services? And can we ourselves live in security when, because of frustration, some of these unemployed one decide that they would take from us by force what we have? Unless we changed our business practices today, our businesses and the economy would be doomed to failure!
Yet, another negative effect of consumerism which is taking root in Africa is this: We have been made to identify with things; with certain brands. And to foster social relationships along that line, i.e., with people who patronize our kind of brands and goods.
One American lady once told me her observation of African society about two decades ago. She said she had realized that social relationships in Africa were not so much based on one’s status in society or his possessions but rather the qualities in them. While I agreed with her to some extent, I would agree with her even less, about twenty (20) years down the line today. People today, more than ever before, are defining social relationships along the lines of “Where does he work?” “What car does he drive?” “Where does he shop?” “Where does he hang-out on week-ends” and the like. And even “Where does he go to church!” since some of the churches are associated with financial success and consumerism. This is very, very unhealthy, for want of a better expression!
With consumerism comes the throwaway society. Do you remember economist Victor Lebow’s words as quoted earlier? Part of it said: “We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever-increasing rate”. What has been the result? The world is now living in an avalanche of garbage!
Going back to the article *Consumerism is ‘eating the future’* in the New Scientist, Andy Coghlan made this poignant observation: “More specifically, all we’re doing is what all other creatures have ever done to survive, expanding into whatever territory is available and using up whatever resources are available, just like a bacterial culture growing in a Petri dish till all the nutrients are used up. What happens then, of course, is that the bugs then die in a sea of their own waste…. But there’s worse. Not only are we simply doing what all creatures do: we’re doing it better. In recent times we’re doing it even faster because of changes in society that encourage and celebrate conspicuous and excessive consumption”.
Quoting Rees he said: “We’re still driven by growing and expanding, so we will use up all the oil, we will use up all the coal, and we will keep going till we fill the Petri dish and pollute ourselves out of existence.” How sad!
According to one source, taking the waste generated in the United States alone, “an equivalent weight of water could fill 68,000 Olympic-size pools.” Another one says “Some years ago, it was estimated that the residents of New York City alone produced enough garbage each year to bury the city’s huge Central Park under 13 feet \[4 m\] of refuse! (The park covers an area of 843 acres \[341 ha\], or about 6 percent of the surface area of the borough of Manhattan)”.
How serious is the damage that such garbage is causing to our planet as a result of the throwaway society? The same source quoted earlier says “An Italian environmental association estimates that a glass bottle thrown into the sea will take 1,000 years to decompose. In contrast, paper tissues will decompose in only three months. A cigarette butt pollutes the sea for up to 5 years; plastic bags, 10 to 20 years; nylon articles, 30 to 40 years; cans, 500 years; and polystyrene, 1,000 years.” Yet we keep on producing these materials due to commercial greed and ineptness at creativity, being satisfied with the status-quo. And advertisers don’t help the situation either. The British newspaper *The* *Guardian* says succinctly: “Advertisers help us to answer needs we never knew we had.” If we are thus convinced to believe we have such needs and we fill them but realize later that ‘new’ ones have come, where ‘new’ means ‘modern’, ‘better’ and superior’, what do we end up doing? Throw away! The results are destruction of the ozone layer, global warming with its attendant rise in the level of the sea and tidal waves and the like. Despite all the evidence, big business that is the cause of industrial pollution would always find smart PRO’s and journalists to counter-argue!
In Ghana for example, the cities’ authorities are struggling to grapple with garbage and its associated environmental hazards. Yet businesses would always lobby and counter argue to maintain their profit. The gutters are choked with garbage, blocking the free-flow of rainwater, thus causing flooding with the slightest down-pour! The beaches are polluted with black polythene bags and human faeces. The forests are depleting. The atmosphere is so polluted that rainwater is no longer safe to drink!
**The solution**
Is industry listening? Are big and small businesses alike listening? Are you listening? What is the solution? We must stop running our lives as dependent solely on economic growth without considering the environment. We must begin to recycle what we’ve used and give what we don’t need to those that need them instead of throwing them away. We should begin to use biodegradable materials for our packaging. We should curb consumerism through socially responsible business practices and advertising; not driven merely by materialism. If we do so, the dividends will be enormous; cleaner air to breathe, fewer or no pandemics, longer life expectancy, better relationships, peace of mind, contentment and above all joy!
“The earth dies screaming!” The time to start remedying it is NOW! And it begins with YOU! Otherwise, as Dube said in his song earlier quoted, “When you’re 80 years old, Thinking about your past, Regretting every minute of your life that you’ve lost, You will wonder where the time went. If you do the right thing, It could be talking to you”.
Don’t tell me it’s impossible; you would only be echoing the popular refrain which is very untrue. I would like to conclude with these two beautiful songs written for our beautiful Planet Earth:
“A warm dry wind is all that breaks the silence The highways quiet Cars across the land People lie, eyes closed, no longer dreaming Your country needs you, let’s strike up the band Despite all odds we must defend our land Like scattered pebbles, cars lie silent waiting Oilless engines seized by dirt and sand Bodies hanging limp, no longer bleeding Half eaten meals lie rotting on the tables Money clutched within a bony hand Shutters down, the banks are not receiving. The earth dies screaming!”
**The earth dies screaming by UB40**
“What about sunrise What about rain What about all the things That you said we were to gain What about killing fields Is there a time What about all the things That you said was yours and mine Did you ever stop to notice all the blood we’ve shed before Did you ever stop to notice the crying Earth the weeping shores What have we done to the world Look what we’ve done
What about all the peace That you pledge your only son What about flowering fields Is there a time What about all the dreams That you said was yours and mine Did you ever stop to notice all the children dead from war Did you ever stop to notice the crying Earth the weeping shores I used to dream I used to glance beyond the stars Now I don’t know where we are Although I know we’ve drifted far Hey, what about yesterday What about the seas The heavens are falling down I can’t even breathe What about the bleeding Earth Can’t we feel its wounds What about nature’s worth (ooo,ooo) It’s our planet’s womb What about animals We’ve turned kingdoms to dust What about elephants Have we lost their trust What about crying whales We’re ravaging the seas What about forest trails (ooo, ooo) Burnt despite our pleas What about the holy land Torn apart by greed What about the common man Can’t we set him free What about children dying Can’t you hear them cry Where did we go wrong
(ooo, ooo) Someone tell me why What about babies What about the days What about all their joy What about the man What about the crying man What about Abraham What about death again (ooo, ooo) Do we give a damn?
**–The Earth Song by Michael Jackson**
**I would be most grateful for your views; whether you agree or disagree with any of my thoughts or you have some contribution.**
**The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.**
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**Categories:** Economics, Society
---
### [Breaking Free from Economic Slavery: The Future of Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/the-economic-emancipation-for-africas-young-generation-need-for-a-paradigm-shift/)
**Published:** July 2, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
***“The independence of Ghana is meaningless unless it is linked up to the total liberation of Africa”.—Dr. Kwame Nkrumah***
Slavery and colonialism were only tools that were employed by the imperial west as a means to an end—economic exploitation. That is the main reason why once they were convinced that Africa’s political independence would not cut off their economic domination over the continent, they were too happy to cede. And, again, that is why even though all Africa is today liberated politically (or is it?), it is still economically very dependent on the west!
Deepening the economic woes of Africa further is the tendency of African countries themselves to maintain stronger ties with their former colonial masters to the neglect of their own neighbors. As a result, whilst the west is calculatedly bent on continuing to dominate Africa’s economy, individual African countries, under the misleading tutelage of same, continue to pursue knee-jerk economic policies and agendas in recluse, with no use than make them more subservient to the west.
For the future of Africa’s economy, then, there is the need for the younger generation to make a new paradigm shift. This shift is not motivated by the quest for political power which has manipulated as a means to distract people from the real issues, but by the quest for true economic emancipation through collaborative and synchronized efforts.
The basis is that, borrowing from the popular quote of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, The economic emancipation of one African country is meaningless unless it is linked up to the total economic liberation of Africa.
**“Politrickcians” and their “Politricks”**
Typically, the ordinary African was not power-hungry. He was satisfied so far as the royal house continued to provide the rightful king or chief, as dictated by centuries-old tradition. Hence, he never dreamt of becoming a king himself. Rather, he was happy to do hard work to provide for his family, nuclear and extended, while paying due tribute to the king and submitting to him and his council of elders. Thus under monarchy, the rightful heir was usually not in dispute. And it was very far-fetched for elders to trade insults in denigration of each other in public, let alone anyone abrasively showing disrespect to the king or any elder for that matter. All that has changed with democracy.
Even in the citadel of democracy itself, the USA, under the guise of freedom of speech, ordinary citizens can abuse the president and members of government anyhow and anywhere, even right in their faces to the extent of hurling shoes at a sitting president deemed to be the most powerful in the world! Very, very sad and depraved! Apart from that, politicians of opposing parties trade insults with each other and engage in all sorts of under-handed overt and covert practices to do-in their opponents. And today, that is what Africa is faced with.
African society is fast-deteriorating due to the misuse of freedom of speech. Respect for elders has diminished drastically to the lowest ebb ever. And the youth have become pawns in the hands of power-hungry, greedy politicians to manipulate to their own ends while they shield their own children and other immediate family members. Yet, these same politicians hypocritically stand on platforms to decry loss of morality and increasing youth engagement in social vices!
For the younger generation to really focus on what matters more, the best thing is to leave the “politrickcians” in their “politricks”. In other words, they should stop depending on the politician for their necessities and rather focus on building their own future for economic emancipation.
> So why do African leaders still believe that the west and their allied institutions have their best interests at heart and would lead them to the Promised Land? How can Pharaoh suddenly become Moses?
**Nigeria’s Example**
Speaking to some of my Nigerian friends, one thing stands out: In Nigeria, you either take care of yourself or wallow in poverty and hopelessness. How is this demonstrated? If government fails to provide enough electricity, use generators; if government fails to provide water, sink own boreholes; if government is not paving the roads, do it and charge motorists for it—self-reliance, rather than dependency on government. What has been the result?
While comparatively the per capita income of Nigerians still leaves much to be desired, their economy, through a re-basing exercise overtook South Africa’s to become the largest in Africa! But who takes the credit for that feat? Well, as in other African countries, support for start-ups and industry is almost non-existent. Hence, ordinary Nigerians have concentrated their efforts on agriculture and the provision of services (40% and 30% contributors to GDP respectively). And no wonder that in the financial, telecommunications and entertainment sectors of Africa, they are a huge force to reckon with! I doff my hat to the hard-working and ingenious ordinary Nigerians! They deserve all the credit!
This African spirit of survival that ordinary Nigerians display is the economic future of Africa. And the younger generation of Africa should not allow that spirit to be dowsed by over–reliance on government, for that would only deepen the economic subservience of the African. Here is why.
**Spineless Governments**
Very likely, you are familiar with the Biblical account of the delivery of Israel from slavery in Egypt. When Pharaoh and his court officials realized that they had lost their slaves and there was no one to do their dirty jobs for them what did they do? They pursued the Israelites in order to bring them back into servitude!
Learning a lesson from that historical record, why should any African political leader delude themselves that the west would guide them to economic emancipation? Is it not absurd? The west have their game plan very well in place. If Africa should become economically independent what would happen to their industries and societies? For instance, in order to augment their workforce for the purpose of sustaining their economies, they are now, through clever schemes, seducing young and smart Africans in a subtle form of neo-slavery to bring their expertise and talents to build western economies. Could such schemes work if most of Africa became economically independent and prosperous? What about the natural resources such as gold, oil, diamond etc that Africa has in abundance and which they greedily pursue; would they still have economic control over them? So why do African leaders still believe that the west and their allied institutions have their best interests at heart and would lead them to the Promised Land? How can Pharaoh suddenly become Moses?
Today, the likes of Kwame Nkrumah, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Patrice Lumumba, to name but just a few—if these could come out of their graves to see the kind of economic policies being imposed on African leadership which they swallow hook, line and sinker because they reason that they have no other choice, would be woefully disappointed, to say the least! It is no secret that African governments have become puppets of the west! And if the younger generation thinks they can continue to believe in these leaders for economic freedom, then the future is doomed for eternity!
**The Way Forward**
Clearly, Africa’s future does not lie in the sold-out elite political leadership. For these can never do anything of their own accord that would salvage Africa economically since they have masters who dictate contrary policies to them. On the other hand, the ordinary African is free to experiment with any idea and work towards its realisation.
Hence, it is time for the[ young generation](htpp://youtube.com/shorts/6IF0EoQHPqs?si=8_a_efGGYeoY9Zjd) today to educate themselves beyond the western education they have received, form partnerships, and share ideas while becoming blind to national borders and collaborate to do credible business. There is power in numbers. And if this can be achieved, these would legitimately take charge of the economy of Africa and use their smartness and astuteness to emancipate themselves from economic slavery.
Didn’t Kwame Nkrumah say that “The black man is capable of managing his own affairs”? As a youth, do you believe in that, even though the current crop of [Africa’s political elite](htpp://youtube.com/shorts/nyPsliqwJGc?si=_RxxkthSXcOxTOAZ) have demonstrated otherwise? I do believe in it! And so if the political elite are saddled so much that they cannot shake themselves off the shackles of economic slavery, it takes the combined effort of you and I to liberate ourselves economically as the average Nigerian is doing. For, as someone put it, it is not your fault that you were born poor. But it will be your fault if you die poor.
When we collaborate to move forward, no one can stop us! Instead they will join us to work together as peers rather than slaves and slave masters! And maybe, when the politicos realize how woefully and shamefully they have failed, their eyes may be opened to how to emancipate themselves.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Economics, Education, Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Society, Uncategorized
---
### [Strategic Thinking for Doing Great Business in Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/strategic-thinking-for-doing-great-business-in-africa/)
**Published:** August 21, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In the field of warfare, strategy is very important for success. Indeed, the word strategy has its origin in “Fr\[rench\] *stratégie*, from G\[ree\]k *stratUgia* ‘generalship’, from *stratUgos”* or to be a general. (The Concise Oxford Dictionary)
In all aspects of life, strategic thinking is very important; for “life is war”, as the adage goes. One notable area where the issue of strategy and strategic thinking is very important is business. Businesses operate in an environment with numerous opportunities as well as challenges. To be able to take advantage of the opportunities and navigate around the challenges, a very good strategic plan is required. This is where strategic thinking comes in.
While strategic thinking and strategic planning are distinct, they are interrelated and complementary through processes that must sustain and support one another for effective strategic management. The role of strategic thinking is “to seek innovation and imagine new and very different futures that may lead the company to redefine its core strategies and even its industry”. Strategic planning’s role is “to realize and to support strategies developed through the strategic thinking process and to integrate these back into the business.”–F.Graetz
This article will seek to answer the following questions: What does strategic thinking mean? What makes strategic thinkers? And how can one develop the ability of strategic thinking?
**What It Means**
According to the Centre for Applied Research (USA) “Strategic thinking focuses on finding and developing unique opportunities to create value by enabling a provocative and creative dialogue among people who can affect a company’s direction. It is the input to strategic planning—good strategic thinking uncovers potential opportunities for creating value and challenges assumptions about a company’s value proposition, so that when the plan is created, it targets these opportunities. Strategic thinking is a way of understanding the fundamental drivers of a business and rigorously (and playfully) challenging conventional thinking about them, in conversation with others.”
> “I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fantasy is a necessary ingredient in living, it’s a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, and that enables you to laugh at life’s realities.”
>
> Dr. Seuss
According to Wikipedia, “Recent strategic thought points ever more clearly towards the conclusion that the critical strategic question is not “What?” (usually addressed by conventional thinking), but “Why?” (or “How?”)”. Strategic thinking, therefore, has its roots in the quest to challenge the status quo and find answers to the “whys?” and the “hows?”
**What Makes Strategic Thinkers**
Generally, strategic thinkers believe that there is always another way of looking at things and doing things; and that may as well be the best one. Their way of looking at things is more like what Dr. Seuss said: “I like nonsense, it wakes up the brain cells. Fantasy is a necessary ingredient in living, it’s a way of looking at life through the wrong end of a telescope. Which is what I do, and that enables you to laugh at life’s realities.”
> “If everyone is thinking alike, then somebody isn’t thinking.”
>
> George S. Patton
There are certain qualities that should be cultivated by strategic thinkers in playing their roles successfully. Here are some of those:
***Patience:*** Strategic thinkers should not hasten to make and implement decisions. While acknowledging the importance of doing things at the right time, they should be balanced. An anxious person can hardly think straight to make sound decisions. For a strategic thinker, even if it takes years to find the right answer, it is worth the wait. And that is to be desired more than rushing into a decision frantically only to regret later.
Often, one reason why some would rush into a decision is because they are scared of what will happen in the future; the “what ifs?”. Yet the truth is that often the things that scare us the most are those that never happen. A calm and reasonable disposition is thus very critical to being a good strategic thinker.
***Listening:*** No single man is the epitome of wisdom. That is why strategic thinking is a collaborative and integrative activity. Thus it calls for being ready and able to listen to the views expressed by others, even if such don’t make sense to a party. In doing so, the engagement would be more stimulating and refreshing than if one party dominates discussions. This is especially important when others that are subordinates are involved. For, while strategy is largely currently a top management function, a more progressive organization would be more democratic in charting a creative strategic course by engaging subordinates.
***Being different*:** As noted earlier, one thing that makes people strategic thinkers is looking at things differently. By so doing, a strategic thinker does not allow the popular things that people say or do to unduly influence his decisions; neither do they alter his emotions. He knows exactly what he’s doing and where he’s headed and focuses on that, not allowing distractions to derail him.
***Thinking “crazy”:*** As a corollary to the above, the strategic thinker is “crazy”. He does not think and act the way everyone else does. And that makes people think that he’s mad but actually very sane. “If everyone is thinking alike, then somebody isn’t thinking.” (George S. Patton) The strategic thinker likes to think; and he does it differently. Thus while others may accept the status quo, he comes in with his “whys” and “hows”. This irritates others and they tag him crazy; but could the converse rather be true?
**Be a Strategic Thinker**
Strategic thinkers are not extraordinary. They are simply human. And since we are all endowed with an enquiring mind by nature, we can all develop the ability of a strategic thinker. Here are some steps to take towards that:
***Be Resolute***: They say “no man is an island”. This implies that we all need the company of others; or better still, we should fit into society to function properly. Strategic thinkers thus are cognizant of societal norms and values and they respect such. However, to be a strategic thinker, you don’t have to allow society to drive you its way. The axiom “The voice of the people is the voice of God” is very, very misleading. What is popular is not necessarily good or right. So you don’t have to swallow everything people say line-hook-and-sinker. For example, in the sight of society, one who fails exams is dumb. If that were true, Albert Einstein and Winston Churchill would have been among that pack. Yet we know differently.
***Look beyond the obvious:*** As they say, “Empty barrels make the most noise”. Similarly, society’s matter-of-course may sound plausible just because it’s on the lips and hearts of the majority. A discerning person, however, is wise to examine and analyse critically these for himself; challenge them. In so doing, he’ll see things differently.
***Build confidence in your uniqueness***: Usually everyone does their things in the same way, by-and-large, because someone or a group of elites has decided to set standards for others to live by. And those standards, once accepted by society, become the yardstick for measuring people’s intellect, abilities and actions, among others. Yet we were all created uniquely. The fact that our fingerprints differ testifies that our strengths and weaknesses differ, yet they complement one another’s. However, you would not be able to exploit the unique qualities that you possess if you don’t build that confidence in your uniqueness to unearth the talents that you’re endowed with.
**Strategic Thinking in Business**
As the definition of strategic thinking at the outset of the article asserts, strategic thinking in business is not necessarily one person’s business. Its goal is achieved “by enabling a provocative and creative dialogue among people who can affect a company’s direction.” Strategic thinking thus is a process for action in new and more creative directions. It “is a way of understanding the fundamental drivers of a business and rigorously (and playfully) challenging conventional thinking about them, in conversation with others.”
Through strategic thinking, a company’s business, practices, processes, policies, procedures and the like are placed under the microscope, as it were, through an engagement of scrutiny in order to fine-tune those phenomena while eliminating defective elements. This helps to place the company on a very sound footing. Strategic thinking is thus very imperative for innovation, for creativity and for business development. It is an activity that should be encouraged. And those engaging in it should cultivate the right qualities that would enable them to succeed.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Business, Economics, Education, Entrepreneurship, Health & Fitness, HR/HC, Intertainment, Leadership, Lifestyle, Management, Shopping, Society, Travel & Tour
---
### [The Blame Game: Taking Responsibility for Our Actions](https://nubianbiz.com/responsibility/)
**Published:** September 1, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
There’s this joke of a toddler who was pulling the family’s cat-pet by its tail while the cat struggled to free itself. The mother yelled: “Jim, stop pulling the cat!” He replied “Mom, I’m only holding his tail. He is doing the pulling!” In a sense, that boy was refusing responsibility for doing the pulling. But wait; that boy was only doing what most of us like to do—shifting blame and responsibility!
Refusing responsibility for what we have done, should have done and should be doing is so innate to mankind as our need for air. And no wonder, for right from the start of human history, our forefather, Adam, blamed God for giving him “the woman” after he willfully disobeyed God. He did so to avoid responsibility (Interestingly, up till today, many men ignorantly blame women for the woes of the world). The woman in turn blamed the serpent. And so, following their bad example, we, their descendants always want something or someone to blame for our own actions and/or inactions!
> ***“[In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility.](http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/e/eleanorroo121109.html)” Eleanor Roosevelt***
So, now is the time for each one of us to examine ourselves introspectively. After reading this article, please take the responsibility to pull yourself over to the nearest mirror you can find. Look at yourself critically, whoever you may be—whether the most powerful in whatever or the least powerful; rich or poor—and ask yourself: Do I take responsibility for my actions and inactions? If yes, how can I prove it? And if no, what can I do differently?
**A Belief System that Disables**
Many of us grew up in societies where right from birth, we are socialised to believe that God sees and controls everybody and everything that happens on earth. So. whatever happens, whether good or bad it is from God. Thus many people believe that they have been pre-destined by God and so have no control over what they do or what happens to them.
Yet still, there are those that believe that whatever they do and say are a result of their genetic programming; and there seems to be scientific theories, phony as they may be, that support them.
As a result, such people don’t take the responsibility to take stock of their own actions and inactions in life to identify what changes they should make to improve the way they think and act. That is why it is not uncommon to hear people exclaim: “God, why me?!!!” whenever some misfortune befalls them. But come to think of it: why you? Who should it be? Who deserves that misfortune? The truth though is that “[In the long run, we shape our lives, and we shape ourselves. The process never ends until we die. And the choices we make are ultimately our own responsibility.](http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/e/eleanorroo121109.html)” (Eleanor Roosevelt)So leave God alone and accept responsibility!
Unfortunately, such debilitating beliefs are carried over into high office. And that has had a bad impact on management.
**Political Office and the Masses**
Because many have the erroneous belief that people that hold political office were placed there by God, the politician has cleverly capitalized on that to make the masses think that their very survival depends on a particular political entity and leadership. Unfortunately, most people, even among the learned have fallen prey to that deceit. What is the result? Overdependence on politicians for survival and good life, which are very illusive, at best! The reason is this:
The political strategy has been for every political entity to blame the other and thus accept no responsibility except for the good. Instead of having the mentality as expressed by John F. Kennedy that “Let us not seek the Republican answer or the Democratic answer, but the right answer. Let us not seek to fix the blame for the past. Let us accept our own responsibility for the future”, actors in political office continue in that same under-handed strategy. Is it because they know they don’t have the solutions? Well, your guess is as good as mine! Or it’s a reflection of what Bob Marley said: “Trying to belittle our integrity now, they say what we know is just what they teach us. And we’re so ignorant ’cause every time they can reach us through political strategy. They keep us hungry and when you gonna get some food your brother got to be your enemy!”? Yet, it doesn’t stop with the politician.
**Horrible Public Administration
The fear of accepting responsibility is also common placed in public administration. Thanks to cronyism and nepotism, people in public administration tend to fall on their string of degrees as basis of their competence rather than real-time performance and delivery. Hence, they continue to perform below par while enjoying all the benefits that go with their office. What is more, their superiors who should bring them to book would not raise a finger! And that is unlike the following experience of one former headmaster of my most cherished secondary school, Ada Senior High:
The late Mr. MK. Otiboe reportedly had his salary withheld by the Ghana Education Service (GES) at one time because he failed to ensure that school fees in arrears were collected and duly accounted for. That compelled him to do the right thing and rectify the situation, which for me, was a good supervisory action by the GES. If the same measure were applied to the managers of Ghana’s utilities, for example, I believe they would solve these water and electricity problems in no time, instead of annoying the business community and households with primary school-level explanations carved and embellished in grandiloquence!
> **“You cannot change the circumstances, the seasons, or the wind, but you can change yourself. That is something you have charge of.”** Jim Rohn
**What We Should Do
In whatever capacity we find ourselves, we should hold ourselves personally responsible for our actions and inactions. We can do so if we recognize that “\[we\] cannot escape the responsibility of tomorrow by evading it today.” (Abraham Lincoln) So hold the bull by the horn and find pride in doing so.
On the coat of arms of Ghana are the words Freedom and Justice. But there can be no true freedom without responsibility. For, “[Responsibility is the price of freedom.](http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/e/elberthubb139182.html)” (Elbert Hubbard) Thus be bold to **“**take personal responsibility. You cannot change the circumstances, the seasons, or the wind, but you can change yourself. That is something you have charge of.” (Jim Rohn) Stop blaming the cat. You are doing the pulling. So go stand in front of that mirror and take that test right away.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Leadership, Management, Society
---
### [Revolutionizing HR in Africa: Addressing the Root Causes of Talent Gaps and Unemployment](https://nubianbiz.com/the-real-solution-for-quality-human-recourses-and-job-market-readiness/)
**Published:** January 4, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
In recent years, employers have been complaining about the quality of human resource/capital in Africa. I vividly recall some notable business leaders adding their voice to the chorus. Personally, I have also had a brush with this challenge, and it continues getting worse by the day.
What really is the problem; is it with employees or rather, is that just the symptom of the real problem? What should HR managers be doing to hire the right caliber of human resources and what should both job seekers and employees be doing to improve their own fortunes and those of their employers?
**The Symptom**
I see the unfortunate quality of HR as, not the problem per se, but the symptom of the real problems. The real culprits are 1) the antiquated educational curriculum and 2) pathological HRM practices. Let us look at these factors individually.
Our educational system has not seen much improvement since independence. Meanwhile, the curriculum implemented by the colonial administrations was based on tenets of the industrial revolution in the Western world. And it was basically meant to produce clerical staff who would not be decision-makers, but implementers of decision handed down to them from the top. Unfortunately, decades on, very little has changed, if any, and I do not see any change in sight soon.
In school, students are taught the philosophies of scholars of generations past when those scholars did not know about electricity, let alone the Internet. While some of those philosophies are still relevant, is it not time to purge our textbooks of those that have out-lived their usefulness and start teaching more practical stuff?
Some business school students for instance are told by some of their lecturers that they should not deceive themselves into thinking that what they learn in class is what is practiced in the real world. But can we entirely blame these lecturers? Certainly not when they are only handing down what the obsolete system and textbooks have fed them. Is it any wonder, then, that the classroom is so uninspiring and boring to today’s student? Hence, when a graduate comes out of school to realize that practice is really diametrically different from the books just as his lecturers told him, he cannot help but be bewildered. In that state, it becomes a real nightmare for him to meet the expectations of his employer.
Employer says: “I hired this man because he has a certificate in this discipline. Yet he turns out to be a dumb!” Employee says: “I expect my employer to provide training for me, but he is too stingy to sponsor it!” Why the education, then? Was it useful in the first place? Hardly!
So, what is the way forward? I see the solution in discarding equally obsolete HR practices in our organisations. Since the textbook is not in tune with present requirements, it is high time we started questioning the recruitment process that has been handed down to us over the years.
The world has moved on, very much. Yet our recruitment processes have remained largely stagnant. Most HR managers are still obsessed with what one studied in school and his grade to determine the applicant’s suitability or otherwise when the educational system does not even meet the requirements of today’s enterprise, to begin with. Hence, HR should begin looking for certain human capabilities as determining factors in hiring employees instead of the penchant for certificates, looks, eloquence and the like. While those variables may still be important in certain circumstances, they are no longer the most important elements in today’s world. Following are some of the qualities I propose HR should be looking out for:
**The Remedies**
The first is to ***determine the creative and innovative aptitude of the applicant***. In the creative economy of today, employing one with a fine certificate is not enough. It is impossible for any organisation to be creative and innovative if its employees are bereft of such qualities. And in the absence of those traits, no business will be able to satisfy the sophisticated demands of one of its very key publics, the customer. Yet, without the customer, there is no business. Hence HR should be able to gauge how creative and how innovative the applicant is. Unless such qualities are present in the applicant, he will only add to the liabilities of the organization, irrespective of how high he scored in exams and in the interview process.
I get perturbed when I see articles or hear of seminars that coach how to write a winning cover letter and CV and how to perform well at the interview. Granted, there are certain impressions that we form of people the first time we encounter them; whether through writing, interview or otherwise. That is innate. The problem, though, is that we are not always right. But since HR has been obsessed with those stereotypes, ‘experts’ have to teach them. But is that helpful?
There are a good number of people who hardly fail interviews and yet when it comes to performance, they are simply sloppy! There are those who have all the good looks, eloquence, interpersonal relations skill, good certificates and the like but add very little value in terms of creativity and innovativeness to the organisation upon being hired. The reason why is that just as the marketer studies the market to find out what customers need and provide it, so these applicants also equip themselves with knowledge about how to get that ‘hot’ job. Unlike marketers, though, landing the job is the end; not the means. And they succeed. Add to the agony, many of those likeable personalities and great academic achievers generally constitute the most part of the 80% of the workforce that is distracted; with high energy but low output/productivity, since they know they can either always switch jobs at will or maneuver their job security.
Second, ***HR should begin looking for the entrepreneurial spirit in applicants***. In the present world order, the way business runs is very different. However, the educational system is structured to churn out clerical labour-force to couple the antiquated top-down model of administration. This misleads HR to look for employees that will be implementing decisions, instead of creating by being part of the decision-making process.
This kind of administration worked perfectly for employers during the industrial revolution when management used to be the repository of wisdom. However, today, any organization that continues to run in that mode can expect to fold-up in the next few decades. HR should therefore be looking for employees who have the ability to start their own business. Such ones are eager to learn new things and are more likely to be highly productive since they work creatively. And, if given enough autonomy, they would perform amazingly well. In other words, organisations that encourage employees to start “intrapreneurs” would perform better.
Third, ***HR should take a re-look at its job appraisal systems***. Currently, the most popular methods that are being employed in big organizations as performance appraisal processes are: Management by objectives (MBO), 360 degree appraisal, Behavioral Observation Scale (BOS) and Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS). None of this gives attention to the critical human capabilities that drive success in the creative economy. For instance, they do not measure the entrepreneurial capabilities of the employee which are essential for developing new products or enhancing existing ones or developing new markets. In other words, the performance of employees should, among others, be measured in terms of the value they add to the organisation’s business and adequately reward such.
Fourth, HR ***must revise its reward systems.*** Rewards must not be automatic; tied to one’s qualification. They have should be linked with value-addition. I expect that when HR hires someone whom the company pays an X amount a month, that employee should be able to add value worth YYYY or more. Otherwise, what business sense would it make? When such reward systems are put in place, employees would eschew sloth and loafing and put in their best for the organisation and themselves.
Fifth, ***HR should be wary of applicants who work for money*** and not for a higher course of bettering the lot of the organisation’s publics. An employee who is not customer-oriented, for instance, is absolutely a ‘no-hire’ person. This is because, irrespective of one’s duty/assignment, respect for the customer and a sense of social responsibility would reflect on how he works. But if the emphasis is on money, that would lead to disastrous consequences as we see around us.
Sixth, ***redefine working hours***. The notion that productivity is linked with the number of hours at work is a fallacy. Maybe, that would pass for factory work and the like that require less use of the brain and more physical activity. However, the case is different when it comes to the present knowledge/information economic dispensation.
Let us face the fact: how many of us can continuously sit behind their computer and work for eight hours daily? You would burn-out and make unpardonable mistakes. The truth is we are most active for brain work in the morning hours; 3-4 hours a day max. The rest of the time, we are receiving visitors, replying to emails, discussing politics and the economy and the like. Thus it would be more prudent if HR would reduce working hours to the most productive hours of, say, 8am to 2pm, and save cost for the company while increasing productivity and consign the 9-5 working hours to the museum.
Seventh, ***HR should learn from the law of diminishing returns.*** The law states “that we will get less and less extra output when we add additional doses of an input while holding other inputs fixed. In other words, the marginal product of each unit of input will decline as the amount of that input increases holding all other inputs constant”–*Samuelson & Nordhaus.*
This law applies with equal force to our over-staffed organisations. It is therefore high time HR began to evaluate the productivity of each employee and seek to fine-tune the relationship between the amount of human capital and output.
For the above to succeed, the relationship between the IT department and HR must also be fine-tuned. IT technology is supposed to help human capital achieve more within less time. However, we hardly appreciate the extent to which the IT department must be integrated with HR. The result is that, instead of achieving more with less, we are achieving less with more! This situation must change. And once productivity is improved, more jobs would be created as a result of growth.
Eighth, ***it is wise for HR to hire people with a wider range of knowledge***. For instance, could you imagine how much time would be saved if every employee could at least troubleshoot and fix a malfunction on their computer instead of waiting on the ubiquitous IT officer to do that for them? The accountant, also, is supposed to provide financial information to management. But how much better it would be if he understood marketing enough to advise on what new product should be developed to appreciate cash-flow, for instance. Thus, HR must audit and eliminate the disconnect between departments to encourage productivity in order to trigger off a multiplier effect on wealth creation.
Ninth, ***the workplace should be made homely***. If HR insists on maintaining the 9-5 fixation, then what about making the workplace more homely? For instance, would it not add to productivity if there are rooms with a few camp-beds to enable tired workers to take a nap? If siesta was good for us when we were in school what makes it evil when we are adults and working? I believe you appreciate the calming and refreshing effect of just 5-minutes of deep sleep in the afternoon. Even though there is the possibility of abuse, this can be curtailed very easily. Yet the benefits would be invaluable. On the side, there is this growing canker of sexual harassment that is seriously tarnishing the image of HRM and if this is not checked, the time would come when HRM would be synonymous with sexual harassment. One of my very good friends posted the following on her face-book wall some time ago: “People, what is the meaning of this? You go through 4 years of books, exams and sometimes no sleep just to come out to land a decent job but the second your application gets to some CEO or MD he sees it as an invitation to trespass your private property. Your mistake is that you don’t want to be unemployed!” And here is someone’s response to that: “My dear that is why some of us are hiding in our own small ghetto…” Pathetic indeed! I would challenge every company that is worth its reputation to provide a channel, maybe a desk, to handle such complaints for those villains to be dealt with adequately. Otherwise, apart from further destroying the moral fibre of society, the wrong persons would always be hired to do slip-shod jobs just because they are ready to trade sex for jobs.
**Turning attention to prospective job seekers and employees**
The fact is that what you need to be a successful worker is not taught in class. So, take your days in school as an opportunity to train your analytical skills by reading widely. Whereas most of the things we learn in school are not practicable, they can be intellectually stimulating. Thus it pays to develop a broad mind and be able to analyse situations as they emerge to solve problems. Also, it is wise to take advantage of good training workshops/seminars where you will learn practical on-the-job skills that will add to your employability and competence on the job to assure job security. The following are some more of the qualities to develop:
Desist from following the colonial-old mentality of finishing school to work with some large organisation, a bank and the like, earning good cash and living large. I would not encourage you to go into entrepreneurship if you are not inclined to, though it is the best. Yet, look for employment with the purpose of learning and adding value to yourself and your job. This would eventually rob-off on the larger society since more jobs would be created.
Avoid the trap of choosing the size of a pay-cheque over the opportunity of a learning experience that is presented to you. Looking for a job with the sole intent of making money is seriously flawed and robs many of job satisfaction and blinds them to golden opportunities staring at their faces. Admittedly, you spent valuable resources on your education, and you would rationally want to reap the rewards. However, you would never be satisfied with money if making money were your main goal. This is because the more you earn, the more you would spend to reflect your financial and social status.
Let us look at one scenario here:
You receive a job offer from company ‘A’ for a salary and benefits three times what company ‘B’ offers. Meanwhile, company ‘B’ offers a working environment where you are allowed much autonomy and the possibility of unearthing your potential to reach your peak while company ‘A’ only offers you a repetitive, discrete and routine work schedule that is hardly challenging. Which one would you choose? Please answer for yourself.
Mind you, though, that just as there is a waiting period between planting and fruiting; and, depending on the type of crop fruition can take between 3 months and 7 or more years, cultivate that patience even in the face of the seeming early fruition for some of your colleagues. Always remember though that there is someone whose fruition time is longer than yours. By being such a valuable employee to your employer, you would learn valuable lessons and reap greater rewards later.
Further, take time to learn all you can about, not just your job, but the whole organisation to which you belong. Seek to understand the mission and vision statements of your organisation and continually seek to fine-tune your efforts towards contributing to the achievement of those. It would amaze you just how much you would be inspired to be creative and innovative, thus adding value to your employer’s business and securing your job and your future.
If you are still looking for a job, identify the organiastion you would like to work for and determine what you can do to enhance its business. If that does not still land you a job, can you ‘create’ a department for that organisation and head it? That may as well be a business opportunity for you. And you might end up earning several folds more than you would have if you were employed! Eventually, you would also be employing others. And given your experience, you would be able to hire very good employees, maybe even better than yourself.
I see the unemployment situation in the economy of the world and in Africa in particular partly as a result of failed HR management. If HR were effective in hiring the right people to meet changing times and employees were self-motivated to give of themselves, productivity would be higher. And when productivity is higher, business would expand and when business expands, jobs would be created to absorb the glut on the job market.
All that we have been addressing is not taught in the classroom, they are not in textbooks. They are qualities that the prospective employee should develop along the way. Yet if HR itself is not in that mode, then the problems will persist.
**I would be most grateful for your thoughts; whether you agree or disagree with any of my views or you have some contribution.**
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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Jules Nartey-Tokoli
[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/julesnene/)
**Categories:** HR/HC, Management
---
### [5 Ways African Entrepreneurs Can Leverage Social Media for Business Growth](https://nubianbiz.com/5-ways-african-entrepreneurs-can-leverage-social-media-for-business-growth/)
**Published:** March 9, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
As an African entrepreneur, building a successful business requires leveraging every available tool to reach new customers, build brand awareness, and drive sales. Social media has become an indispensable platform for businesses to achieve these goals, with over 4.2 billion people worldwide using platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn. In this article, we’ll explore five ways African entrepreneurs can harness the power of social media to fuel business growth.
1. Build a strong brand presence
Creating a strong brand presence on social media is essential for African entrepreneurs. Use high-quality visuals, consistent branding, and a clear brand voice to build trust and credibility with your audience.
2. Engage with your audience
Social media is a two-way conversation, not a one-way broadcast. Engage with your audience by responding to comments, answering questions, and sharing user-generated content. This helps build a loyal community around your brand.
3. Utilize influencer marketing
Partner with influencers in your industry or niche to reach new audiences and build credibility. African entrepreneurs can tap into the growing influencer marketing industry on the continent, which is expected to be worth $1.5 billion by 2025.
4. Leverage social media advertising
Social media advertising offers a cost-effective way to reach your target audience and drive sales. Platforms like Facebook and Instagram provide detailed targeting options, allowing you to reach customers in specific regions, industries, or demographics.
5. Share valuable content
Create and share valuable content that educates, entertains, or inspires your audience. This helps establish your brand as a thought leader in your industry and builds trust with potential customers.
By implementing these five strategies, African entrepreneurs can leverage social media to drive business growth, expand their reach, and build a loyal community around their brand. With the right approach, social media can become a powerful tool for success in the African business landscape.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Education, Entrepreneurship
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### [Africa's Entrepreneurial Opportunities: 10 Business Ideas for Diaspora Returnees](https://nubianbiz.com/africas-entrepreneurial-opportunities-10-business-ideas-for-diaspora-returnees/)
**Published:** March 11, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Africa, the youngest population on the planet is a thriving continent that offers a wealth of opportunities for returnees from the African diaspora who are entrepreneurs looking to start a business. With a growing economy and favorable business climate, and cultural connections in many countries such as Ghana, Cote D’Ivoire, Nigeria, Kenya and many more, Africa is an ideal location for returnees to explore their entrepreneurial dreams. Here are some business ideas to consider:
- Eco-tourism: Africa’s rich cultural heritage, beautiful landscapes, and vibrant cities make it an attractive destination for tourists. African returnee entrepreneurs can capitalize on this trend by starting eco-tourism ventures, such as sustainable lodges, cultural tours, or adventure excursions.
- Agriculture: Africa is an agricultural powerhouse, with opportunities in cocoa, coffee, and other crops. African returnee farmers or entrepreneurs can tap into this sector, leveraging expertise and resources to cultivate successful agribusinesses.
- Technology: Africa has a growing tech industry, with a demand for innovative solutions and services. African returnee entrepreneurs can start businesses in software development, digital marketing, or e-commerce, tapping into the local talent pool and global market.
- Education: With a strong emphasis on education, Africa offers opportunities for diaspora entrepreneurs to start schools, training centers, or educational programs, focusing on subjects like STEM, entrepreneurship, or cultural exchange.
- Food and Beverage: African cuisine is a fusion of African, European, and Asian flavors, offering a unique opportunity for diaspora returnee entrepreneurs to introduce new culinary concepts or adapt traditional recipes for local and international markets.
- Creative Industries: Africa has a thriving arts scene, with opportunities for diaspora returnee entrepreneurs in graphic design, fashion, music, or film production.
- Healthcare: With a growing demand for quality healthcare, African returnee entrepreneurs can start businesses in healthcare management, medical tourism, or open private clinics, leveraging expertise and international best practices.
- Renewable Energy: Africa is investing in renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power. Diaspora returnee entrepreneurs can capitalize on this trend by starting businesses in clean energy solutions, energy efficiency, or sustainable infrastructure development.
- Manufacturing: Africa offers opportunities for returnee entrepreneurs to establish manufacturing facilities, producing goods for local and international markets, leveraging the continent’s favorable business climate and trade agreements.
- Business Consulting: With growing economies, African businesses are seeking expertise to scale and expand. African diaspora returnee entrepreneurs can start business consulting firms, offering services in strategy, marketing, or operations management.
These business ideas offer just a starting point for diaspora entrepreneurs looking to explore opportunities in promising African countries. With the right mix of passion, expertise, and cultural understanding, the possibilities for success are endless on this vibrant continent.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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[See Full Bio](https://nubianbiz.com/members/julesnene/)
**Categories:** Business, Economics, Entrepreneurship
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### [The Importance of Networking for African Professionals: Building Relationships and Opportunities](https://nubianbiz.com/the-importance-of-networking-for-african-professionals-building-relationships-and-opportunities/)
**Published:** March 9, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
As an African professional, building a strong network is essential for career advancement and personal growth. Networking provides a platform to connect with like-minded individuals, seek mentorship, and access opportunities that may not be readily available otherwise. In this article, we will explore the importance of networking for African professionals and how to build meaningful relationships that lead to new opportunities.
**Why Networking is Crucial for African Professionals**
1. Access to mentorship: Networking provides an opportunity to connect with experienced professionals who can offer guidance, support, and valuable advice.
2. Career advancement: Networking can lead to job opportunities, promotions, and access to decision-makers in your industry.
3. Building a support system: A strong network can provide emotional support, encouragement, and a sense of belonging.
4. Access to resources: Networking can provide access to resources such as funding, training, and industry events.
5. Breaking down barriers: Networking can help break down barriers and challenge systemic racism by creating opportunities for Africa professionals to connect with influential individuals in their industry.
**How to Build Meaningful Relationships**
1. Attend networking events: Attend industry events, conferences, and workshops to connect with professionals in your field.
2. Join professional organizations: Join organizations such as chambers of commerce.
3. Volunteer: Volunteer for causes you are passionate about, which can lead to meeting like-minded professionals.
4. Use social media: Utilize social media platforms like LinkedIn, Twitter, and Facebook to connect with professionals and stay informed about industry news.
5. Be intentional: Be intentional about building relationships and following up with new connections.
**Conclusion**
Networking is essential for African professionals to build relationships, access opportunities, and advance their careers. By attending networking events, joining professional organizations, volunteering, using social media, and being intentional about building relationships, African professionals can create a support system that fosters growth and success. Remember, networking is about building meaningful relationships, not just collecting business cards. By investing in your network, you are investing in your future.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Business, Education, Entrepreneurship
---
### [The Strength of a Woman: Rediscovering the Power of African Women in the Face of Mental Slavery](https://nubianbiz.com/the-mental-slavery-of-africa-will-it-take-a-yaa-asantewaa-to-free-her/)
**Published:** July 2, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
So amazing how this world was made, I wonder if God is a woman. The gift of life astounds me till this day, I give it up for the woman
She’s the constant wind that fills my sail, Oh that woman
With her smile and her style, my She’ll protect you like a child; That’s a woman
Woke up this morning, I got up with the scent of a woman
Just picture if you could what life would be; Ain’t much good without a woman
She can nag and be a constant pain, Oh that woman
But those hips she’s got me whipped, And it’s just too hard to resist, What a woman
Tender lips that’s so, so sweet. Gentle words she softly speaks
Such an angel when we need. God bless the ground beneath her feet
She can take you on a high, Be your comfort when you cry
But if you look into her eyes, You’ll see the strength of a woman.
She’ll put a smile upon your face. And take you to that higher place
So don’t you under estimate The strength of a woman
Those lyrics by the renowned Dancehall musician, [Shaggy](htpp://www.shaggyonline.com/), resonates well with many men. Very well written and arranged, that song, *[Strength of a Woman](htpp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mILsx_c-vXw)* brings to the fore in just a few words how a lot of men, maybe most, feel about the women in their personal lives.
However, the strength of a woman goes beyond her fertility, her beauty, her encouragement and the comfort she provides. While those are part of her strength, they only picture just one side of the scale. To illustrate how the other side comes in to balance the scale, as it were, let’s take a look at Yaa Asantewaa.
> “If you, the men of Asante, will not go forward, then we will. We, the women, will. I shall call upon my fellow women. We will fight! We will fight till the last of us falls in the battlefields.”
>
> [Yaa Asntewaa](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa)
As queen of Ejisu-Juabeng in the [Ashanti Empire ](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashanti_Empire)in what is now [Ghana](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana), [Yaa Asntewaa](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa) stood up when all the men had gone to sleep! The King of Ejisu, the [Asante King, Prempeh I ](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prempeh_I)and other members of the Asante Government had been exiled from their own land to the [Seychelles](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles) by the British colonialists.
There are just a few dastardly acts that can be more grotesque, preposterous and despicable! At such a critical time, it took this brave woman to demonstrate the African resistance to the British. She reportedly told the rest of the Asante Government at a meeting following the demand by British governor-general of the Gold Coast, Frederick Hodgson to have [the Golden Stool](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Stool): “Now I see that some of you fear to go forward to fight for our King. If it was in the brave days of \[Osei Tutu\], \[Okomfo Anokye\], and Opoku Ware I, chiefs would not sit down to see their King to be taken away without firing a shot. No European could have dared speak to chiefs of Asante in the way the governor spoke to you this morning. Is it true that the bravery of Asante is no more? I cannot believe it. It cannot be! I must say this: if you, the men of Asante, will not go forward, then we will. We, the women, will. I shall call upon my fellow women. We will fight! We will fight till the last of us falls in the battlefields.” With that she led her famous rebellion against the British.
That side of the strength of a woman is hardly seen nor acknowledged.
> “If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a nation.” James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey
Today, something more sinister is happening to Africa than colonialism and slavery; than a demand for a Golden Stool. It’s the worst form of subjugation—the insidiousness of mental slavery! Unfortunately, most of the men, especially, those in leadership positions have relinquished their responsibility for preserving the sanctity of the knowledge, the culture, the values—indeed the mind of Africa and have by-and-large fallen for this incipient subjugation which is becoming chronic. Is there another Yaa Asantewaa to the rescue?
**Education and Women**
“If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a nation.” ([James Emman Kwegyir Aggrey](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Emman_Kwegyir_Aggrey)) This very popular quote sums up succinctly the importance of educating women. Mothers spend more time with children than fathers do, invariably. And this affords them the opportunity to instill in the child ethics, values, culture, morality, discipline and customs. No wonder the first language one speaks is called mother tongue since it is the mother that transfers language with all that it involves to the child. The question though is what kind of education does a mother give to her children these days? That question is critical since whether the child is properly educated or not depends to a large extent on the kind of information or education the mother received.
In Africa, the advent of the European on the continent to a large extent influenced the kind of education mothers pass on to their children, both positively and negatively. To be sure, it is not wrong, in itself, to learn other people’s culture and borrow aspects therefrom. Indeed, the different cultures and their dexterous synthesis bring about superior and more beautiful cultures. On that score, learning European culture through formal education and/or otherwise, is in itself not wrong. However, there is a big problem when the student is brainwashed subtly and subliminally into believing that the Whiteman and his western culture is superior to the African and his culture. And that is the trap mothers of Africa have fallen into!
I recall that one of the appellations my mom used to pamper me with as a toddler was ‘Brofono’ (Whiteman). And she would encourage me to study hard so that I could have the opportunity to travel abroad. But this was not just my mother; invariably every mother inculcated that in their children. Along with the fact that the schools the generation of leaders yesterday and today attended were European “Christian” mission schools that demonized everything African, the student grew up viewing the Whiteman and his culture as superior to his. The result then has been to study everything western to make oneself feel superior to his fellow African. And this has led to the state where everything western is viewed as better than everything African.
No wonder that in all five institutions of society, the western way of doing things is viewed as superior to that of the African—in Politics, Economics, Marriage and the Family, Religion and Education. Hence, today, everything about Africa is Western: African Democracy, inherent in chieftaincy is backward while western democracy is superior; Preservation and conservation as a form of economics enshrined in the axiom that land and natural resources belong to the dead, the living and the yet-to-be-born is subservient to voracious exploitation of natural resources to the detriment of the environment in order to feed western industries and markets, thus jeopardizing the future generation’s livelihood. All that is shrouded in western economic theories rooted in European artificial ‘scarcity’ taught in African classrooms.
> Now, after killing her mind, all that Africa has left is her natural resources. Once those are siphoned successfully to depletion, what would remain of the continent? A polluted, grief-stricken and impoverished continent! Africa would not even be “honoured” with the designation The Dark Continent. She would be called The Abyssed Continent!
The extended family system which provided home, security, love and unity has given way to the nuclear family system based on selfishness due to perceived ‘scarcity’ of resources; True Christianity which was originally propagated in Africa, namely Egypt, Ethiopia and Libya as far back as the first century AD has been supplanted by western “Christianity” with European pagan customs christened and forced down the throat of the unwary in the names of Christmas (Saturnalia), Easter (Ishtar), Trinity (about which *The* *Encyclopedia* *Americana* notes: “The full development of Trinitarianism took place in the West, in the Scholasticism of the Middle Ages, when an explanation was undertaken in terms of philosophy and psychology”) and many more.
The educational curriculum has everything to do with western culture and civilization with little or nothing about African science, technology, thought and scholarship.
With this background, it is clear why leadership in Africa, throughout society—in politics, business, religion and so on—is bankrupt and devoid of creativity. This has resulted in heavy reliance on the west for so-called development. Will [Yaa Asantewaa ](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa)rise again?
**Today’s [Yaa Asantewaa](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa)**
Since the form of slavery and colonialism today is of the mind, there’s the need for a [Yaa Asantewaa](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa)-like “revolution” or “rebellion” in the minds of mothers of Africa to redirect the younger generation.
[This would involve teaching them to conscientiously not kowtow to political elites who have sold their consciences and minds to western hegemony. In this respect, a public or civil servant who lives true to their profession and good education would not allow the sold-out politician to lead them along in subjugation to the west and to corruption. They would rather resign or be fired from their posts and starve than sell themselves along with the past, present and future generations to the west!](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arikana_Chihombori-Quao)
Today, Africa is touted as the last frontier of development in the global economy. But, what kind of development? In a nutshell, it is rhetoric for voraciously exploiting its natural resources.
Now, after killing her mind, all that Africa has left is her natural resources. Once those are siphoned successfully to depletion, what would remain of the continent? A polluted, grief-stricken and impoverished continent! Africa would not even be “honoured” with the designation The Dark Continent. She would be called The Abyssed Continent! And that is just where the continent is headed. Hence since the men at the helm and their female compatriots have woefully failed the continent, it is time for the [Yaa Asantewaas](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arikana_Chihombori-Quao) to rise and fight with all their might the battle for the minds of their children and children’s children. Are you such a “mother”? [Even if you are a male, you can become such by cultivating intellectually and transmitting, the defiance of Queen Yaa Asantewaa! It is my responsibility. it is yours too!](htpp://www.youtube.com/@WODEMAYA)
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Economics, Education, Leadership, Lifestyle, Society
---
### [Africa's Economic Outlook: A Thriving Landscape of Business and Entrepreneurship](https://nubianbiz.com/africas-economic-outlook-a-thriving-landscape-of-business-and-entrepreneurship/)
**Published:** March 20, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:** African businesses are driving economic growth, innovation, and job creation.
**Content:**
Africa, home to 1.3 billion people, is rapidly emerging as a dynamic and diverse economic powerhouse. With a growing middle class, increased urbanization, and a youthful population, the continent is poised for tremendous growth in African business, entrepreneurship, trade, and commerce.
**African Business:**
African businesses are driving economic growth, innovation, and job creation. From small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to large corporations, African businesses are capitalizing on the continent’s vast resources, infrastructure development, and market opportunities.
**African Entrepreneurship:**
Entrepreneurship is thriving in Africa, with innovative startups and small businesses emerging across various sectors. African entrepreneurs are harnessing technology, leveraging the African marketplace, and tapping into the African business directory and network to build successful ventures.
**African Marketplace:**
The African marketplace is a vibrant and expanding space, offering immense opportunities for trade and commerce. With the [African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)](htpp://au-afcfta.org/) agreement, the market is set to become even more integrated, boosting intra-African trade and economic growth.
**African Trade:**
African trade is on the rise, with exports of natural resources, manufactured goods, and services increasing. The continent is also becoming a significant player in global e-commerce, with African businesses leveraging digital platforms to reach new customers and markets.
**African Commerce:**
African commerce is experiencing a digital transformation, with the growth of e-commerce, mobile payments, and online marketplaces. This shift is empowering African businesses to tap into new revenue streams, expand their customer base, and participate in the global economy.
NubianBiz–**African Business Directory and Network:**
[African business directories and networks ](http://www.nubianbiz.com)are connecting entrepreneurs, SMEs, and corporations across the continent. These platforms provide valuable resources, mentorship, and access to funding, enabling African businesses to scale and succeed.
**African Entrepreneur Resources:**
African entrepreneurs have access to a growing range of resources, including incubators, accelerators, funding platforms, and mentorship programs. These resources support entrepreneurs in developing innovative ideas, building sustainable businesses, and [creating jobs.](htpp://jobs.nubianbiz.com/)
**African Market Research:**
Market research is essential for African businesses to understand the needs and preferences of their target audience. Conducting market research helps businesses tailor their products and services, identify new opportunities, and stay competitive in the African marketplace.
**African Business News:**
Staying informed about the latest [African business news](htpp://www.cnbcafrica.com/) is crucial for entrepreneurs, investors, and corporations. [News outlets ](htpp://www.ft.com/africa)and [publications](htpp://www.bbc.com/news/topics/cyq54q01grmt) provide insights into market trends, economic developments, and business success stories, helping stakeholders make informed decisions and capitalize on opportunities.
Africa’s economic outlook is bright, driven by a thriving landscape of business and entrepreneurship. With a growing middle class, increased urbanization, and a youthful population, the continent is set to become a significant player in global trade and commerce. By harnessing technology, leveraging resources, and building networks, African businesses and entrepreneurs are poised to drive economic growth, innovation, and prosperity in the years to come.
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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**Categories:** Business, Economics, Education, Entrepreneurship
---
### [The Pitfalls of Competition in Business: Embracing Collaboration for Growth](https://nubianbiz.com/the-folly-of-competition-vrs-the-wisdom-of-collaboration/)
**Published:** May 26, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:** For centuries now, competition has been part of humans; in education, sports, the arts, religion, business, the work-place and many other facets of life. It has been touted as beneficial for every progressive society and economy. “It was described by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations (1776) and later economists as allocating productive resources to their most highly-valued uses”
**Content:**
In a story someone told me some time ago, a friend of his who was driving a Daewoo Tico car set off at the same time as a BMW car. So, he decided to test the power of his car by competing with the BMW. He managed to race at par with the BMW at a speed of 140km/h. By the time they had made about 12 miles, his engine locked. Then he realized how foolish he had been! That is just what a competitive spirit can do to a person and a business.
The *Webster’s Dictionary* defines competition as “The act of seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeavoring to gain at the same time; common strife for the same objects; strife for superiority; emulous contest; rivalry, as for approbation, for a prize, or as where two or more persons are engaged in the same business and each seeking patronage; — followed by for before the object sought, and with before the person or thing competed with”.
For centuries now, competition has been part of humans; in education, sports, the arts, religion, business, the work-place and many other facets of life. It has been touted as beneficial for every progressive society and economy. “It was described by Adam Smith in *The Wealth of Nations* (1776) and later economists as allocating productive resources to their most highly-valued uses”, culled from Wikipedia.
However, as with other philosophies that have been handed-down to us, is it not time for us to examine this phenomenon to see whether it is still relevant in our day?
**Analysis**
Per the definition of competition above, there are certain characteristics that go with it: strife, superiority, contest, and rivalry. If these are desirable traits that should be pursued, then imagine a home with these between spouses and between siblings and you would appreciate why there is so much lack of trust, honesty, altruism, satisfaction, joy and many other beautiful traits in business, the workplace, society at large and even sadly within the family!
Collaboration, on the other hand, is defined as “Act of working jointly; together; united labor” –Webster’s.
In this definition, we can isolate certain desirable elements; working jointly, unity which embodies other fine qualities. Well, do we not say that “unity is strength”? So, between competition and collaboration which one should we be espousing?
In this article, our focus will be on competition as is expressed in business, although some social dimensions will also slip in.
One underlying reason why people compete is the scarcity of things that are believed to be desirable, even prestigious: Wealth, fame and power.
Yet another debilitating reason that I can identify is Herbert Spencer’s ‘Survival of the fittest” philosophy which he coined after reading Charles Darwin’s *On the Origin of Species*. “This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr. Darwin has called ‘natural selection’, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life.” *Principles of Biology* (1864, vol. 1, p. 444)
Thus even though Adam Smith had written on competition before Darwin’s *On the Origin of the Species*, belief in evolution and its subtle influence which is rife in many capitalist systems has fuelled the spirit of competition by making many people believe that in order to survive, one has to compete with the other. And in the process, the favoured species succeeds in getting what is desired at the expense of the weak one. And we see this playing out daily in almost every aspect of life, as earlier mentioned, even though some of those with the competitive spirit denounce evolution. But how does competition affect business?
**Competition’s insidious effect on business**
While some argue that competition prevents monopoly and its attendant potential of exploiting the consumer we shall see that that stance is simplistic. Competition even in its perfect state (which is utopic, by the way) is unhealthy to modern business for the following reasons that I can identify:
***First, competition is wasteful***. It inhibits the full utilization of scarce resources effectively, contrary to what Adam Smith and some economists believe. These resources are either human or material. Let us see how they are misapplied in competition.
In our modern dispensation, creativity and innovation are very vital for the success of any business entity that aims at a profit and at growth. To achieve this, the human resources of a company must have a broader view in order to come up with new ways of looking at problems/challenges and devising innovative solutions.
However, when the aim is to outwit a competitor, too much time and effort are invested in trying to figure out what a competitor intends to do and how to counteract that move, instead of focusing on how best to satisfy the sophisticated needs and demands of today’s customer ingeniously. This is the result of an emulous contest which is inclined to imitate or copy what the other is doing. Such unhealthy duplication is a total waste of the critical human resource factor of creativity. Worse yet, it renders the strategic mission and vision statements of the organization ineffective and bogus.
We see this playing out especially in what I perceive to be the three leading sectors of the services industry in Africa; namely, telecom, banking and insurance. Invariably, we see players in these sectors offering the same kind of services with little or no variations. And each one is playing it safe by waiting for one to make a move in order to know what course to take next. In effect, it has become like a game of chess. This amounts to a gross under-utilisation of the capacity of creative human resource. The result then is, not the creation of wealth, but the enhancement of poverty and impairment of better standards of living.
Regarding wastage in material resources, we see this especially in the area of advertising. Once again, you may agree with me that those above-mentioned service sector players are those that largely afford the high advertising bills of the ad media. It is not uncommon to hear the same competitive ad from a particular service provider run back-to-back on the same network. When this is multiplied by the number of media platforms on which those ads run, you can image the cost involved. But who pays for all that at the end of the day? It is you and I the final consumer! That is one reason why you see certain costs on your itemized bill, and you marvel how they came about.
> If you share an idea with others, you either refine it or create new ones out of either what the one you are speaking with contributes to the conversation or out of yourself. For that matter, creative people do not fear to share their business ideas. The competitor does not benefit from this.
Certainly, I am not against what I call ‘sensible’ advertising since it is strategically vital to make a business and its offerings known. My concern though is with unbridled rivalry that adds no value to the economy at large. My suggestion is that, instead of wasting these resources, why not find more creative ways of providing value-adding services that will enhance the activities of both individuals and businesses? Further, the sad thing is that these industry players have several potential customers who have not yet employed their services. Would it not be better to shun competitive ads in order to reduce operating costs and subsequently lower service charges to rope these in?
There is yet another dimension to it–***Competition stunts ideas***. I always use the water closet to illustrate our use of valuable resources: Untill you flash the WC no more water comes into the cistern.
And for the next countless number of days/years it will continue to be so. However, immediately you flash it more water comes in. In like manner, anyone who continues to store resources; be they ideas, money or otherwise, without spending (of course judiciously) will continue to lack. But when spent wisely, more comes in. Just as nothing goes for nothing in business, so also nothing comes for nothing.
This is true, not only in terms of money, but ideas as well. If you share an idea with others, you either refine it or create new ones out of either what the one you are speaking with contributes to the conversation or out of yourself. For that matter, creative people do not fear to share their business ideas. The competitor does not benefit from this.
***Third, competition wastes time***. Time is one of the most critical resources we have. It is, therefore, a very terrible thing to waste, especially in business. But how does competition waste it? Well, the competitor may have some brilliant moves to make. But as I mentioned earlier, he deliberately waits for his rival to move first. Thus so long as his opponent has not taken a step he continues to wait, wasting all of that time.
Further, by focusing on his rival, the competitor wastes time on analyzing what his opponent has been doing so far and the trend of his activities in order to be able to predict his next course of action. How that time could be better spent on a more productive activity such as how to effectively and efficiently meet customer satisfaction!
Fourth**, *competition stifles creativity.*** While I have briefly touched on this earlier, we like to look at it from the perspective of a new business. Certainly, it is not wise for an entrepreneur to go into a kind of business
that would require educating its target market, which can be very expensive. However, the decision of a new business to compete with already established ones is equally unwise and expensive. Hence with the competition ‘spectacles’ off, the budding businessperson can identify a niche that is oblivious to others and capitalize on that.
That would help in meeting the needs of customers in a holistic way and improve standards of living, instead of the whole economy being skewed towards the provision of just a few types of products and services.
Fifth, ***competition is unhealthy.*** Unhealthy, not just in the sense of sanity but it causes physical health risks. And that I believe is one of the main causes of certain ailments in the so-called developed western world. And now they are developing in our part of the world as well. Naturally, we all need some amount of stress to function well in society.
However, when stress becomes chronic, it leads to very bad consequences. Stress can suppress your immune system. And when that happens you become susceptible to infectious diseases. “Stress doesn’t make you sick,” says one virologist Ronald Glaser. “But it does increase your risk of being sick because of what it does to your immune system.”
Stress is strongly linked to an increased susceptibility to colds, flu, and herpes. While we are constantly exposed to these viruses, our immune system typically defends against them. However, emotional distress can weaken these defenses, allowing the viruses to take hold.
The specific biological mechanisms are not yet clear, but some experts believe that stress hormones can suppress immune function when they flood the bloodstream. Typically, this is not a concern, as these hormones are temporary. However, chronic and intense stress can lead to sustained suppression, making one more susceptible to illness. This may explain why Canadian doctors estimate that 50-70% of office visits are stress-related, manifesting as headaches, insomnia, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues. The US estimates are even higher, at 75-90%. While seemingly calm individuals may also be at risk, especially if their calmness is a facade, individuals with type-A personalities (characterized by impatience, aggression, and competitiveness) are most vulnerable to stress-related catastrophes that can lead to fatal consequences. Thus, competition in all forms is detrimental and deadly.
Sixth, ***competition kills business***. If we turn to the global economic down-turn of 2009, this cannot be overemphasized. *The Fourth Estate*, a novel by the renowned British storyteller Jeffrey Archer, amply illustrates the pathological nature of competition.
It involves two ambitious competitive media tycoons, Keith Townsend and Richard Armstrong. Both of them made very terrible business deals that could collapse their respective empires as they competed with each other. Both went bankrupt as a result. Keith was wise to listen to good financial advice and survive. Richard on the other hand committed suicide.
While the story is purely fictional, it is no doubt true to life. And it helps every discerning reader to realize how sinister competition is. Sure, it can be exciting! But just as we say “The speed that thrills is the speed that kills” so also is the statement true that “The competition that thrills is the competition that kills”. And that, in part, was the cause of the financial crunch. For me, every competitor is a villain because he is only focused on one thing that should belong to his opponent when there is still so much out there for him to enjoy but oblivious to, thanks to competition blindness!
We can discern this in the services sectors aforementioned as demonstrated in [Ghana](htpp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghana). Regarding the Telecom sector for example, we have been praising competition for the relatively lower call rates that we enjoy. But the fact is that competition has rather made those costs higher since until recently, they were individually building their own cell sites which apart from being expensive to build are equally expensive to maintain. And currently, there are other infrastructure that they could share if they collaborated. But competition does not allow that. Couple this with the cost of their competitive ads and you would see that we are rather being ripped-off! And competition is the culprit.
We can also look at the flip-side. What would happen if operating costs for the telecom companies continued to rise while they reduced call rates in order to be competitive and you and I were happy to stay on the phone for as long as we wanted, chatting about non-value-adding things. If some of them were no longer profitable and had to fold-up, what would become of us? We would be falling into the hands of a monopolist and you know what type of service we would be receiving at ridiculous rates. Would you in that case applaud competition?
Many of us complain about high bank charges, high interest rates on loans and low interest rates on savings. The bankers in turn explain it off with their technical jargons. However, all said and done the fact is this: Due to competition, they have invested heavily in technology, opening new branches and hiring staff which in turn raise their operating costs. And who should pay for all that? You and I, of course! Otherwise, they would die. Yet what they should have been doing is running branchless banking through the deployment of modern ATM technology that interfaces for all of the banks. With that common infrastructure, operating costs would be reduced, and the burden would be taken off the customer.
Seventh, ***competition disrespects and insults the intelligence of the consumer.*** It is manipulative. Take for instance a promotion that requires you to text to a certain code for, say, 50p and stand the chance of winning, maybe a car.
And mind you, most of them say you stand a better chance of winning the more you text. If that company receives just 2,000,000 texts that would translate to GHC1,000,000! More than enough to pay for the car and the ads. The rest is huge working capital that ‘texters’ have contributed for free without any hope of dividends! It is 100% lottery.
Some call it smart business. I call it mediocrity, manipulation and an insult to the intelligence of the consumer.
**The case for collaboration**
Collaboration then becomes a better course to take. When businesses that are supposed to be competitive become collaborative, they reap more. The following quote from a Virtual Photography Web site demonstrates it: “Just today I spoke with what some may consider to be my competitor. However, he is focusing his efforts in a completely different direction. But he offers some side products that would combine with mine, and offer incredible tools to our clients. Instead of looking at him as competition, I’m now piecing part of his products with mine, and providing us both with increased sales potential. Win/win for both businesses”.
In international trade, we have what we call comparative advantage. This concept holds that if Ghana for instance has the capacity to produce maize more effectively and efficiently than rice, Ghana should in that case concentrate her efforts on producing maize and import rice from, say Thailand who has the comparative advantage over rice production. Thailand would in turn import maize from Ghana since she does not have a comparative advantage there. This is collaboration. And if world trade were truly like that, you can imagine how different life would be. Unfortunately, this is only in the textbooks. In practice, selfish competition holds sway. This is a major cause of poverty in the world.
Therefore, if the private sector as engine of growth of the economy would apply the principle of comparative advantage and collaborate, poverty on this continent would be drastically reduced! But currently, every bank is providing the same services that all the other banks provide and are vehemently competing with one another. The same goes for the telecom and other parts of the services sector; and spreads further to the other industries.
I apologize if I seem to be biased towards the services sector. That is only for illustrative reasons. Yet given the current economic indicators that the services sector in Sub-Saharan Africa contributes more to GDP than the others, there is a great potential there. And I believe that sector can contribute immensely to poverty reduction if properly managed. For example, Nigeria’s relatively stronger banking sector which is present in other countries puts her on a pedestal to spearhead economic growth in West Africa. Matter of fact, their banks’ entry into Ghana, for instance, transformed the banking landscape in that country with more innovative solutions. That is why collaborations in this sector can have a multiplier effect on economic growth in Africa. Yet, not the services sector alone, but all the others as well should embrace collaboration as opposed to competition.
Competition is wasteful, expensive, retrogressive and thus unproductive. Collaboration on the other hand is efficient, effective, progressive, and many, many more. So, which one should you be promoting—competition or collaboration? It is your decision to make. But I prefer COLABORATION.
**I would be most grateful for your thoughts; whether you agree or disagree with any of my views or you have some contribution.**
*The author Jules Nartey-Tokoli is Founder and Group CEO at [Groupe Soleil Vision](http://www.soleilvision.com), comprising Soleil Consults (US), LLC, NubianBiz.Com, ShopNubian.Com and Soleil Publications. He has lived and worked in both Ghana and the United States, having extensive experience in Strategy, Management, Entrepreneurship, Premium Audit Advisory and Web consulting. He has also published several articles on Strategy, Management, Corporate Governance, Leadership, Entrepreneurship, Economics, e-Commerce, Information Technology (IT), Customer Service/Care, Sales, Marketing, Communication, Branding, Education, among others.*
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- Sign up for an account
- Add products and services
- Choose a payment method
How **to shop on** [NubianBiz](http://www.nubianbiz.com)**:**
- Browse categories
- Interact directly with vendor.
*Join the* [Nubianbiz](http://www.nubianbiz.com) *community today and unlock the potential of
African businesses!”*
E-mail: info@nubianbiz.com
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---
### [Press](https://nubianbiz.com/press/)
**Published:** August 27, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Stay updated with NubianBiz’s latest news, press releases, and media coverage. Discover how NubianBiz is empowering African businesses and fostering connections across the continent. Explore insights, announcements, and milestones that showcase our commitment to supporting African entrepreneurs and enterprises
\#AfricanBusisnessDirectory#AfricanMarket#AfricanNetworking#AfricanBusinessFeatures
By GNA
By Belinda Ayamgha, [GNA](htpp://gna.org.gh/)
# [Africa Must Take Advantage of ICT to Increase Trade](http://www.modernghana.com/news/718345/africa-must-take-advantage-of-ict-to-increase-trade.html)
Accra, Sept. 8, 2016 GNA – [Dr Lloyd Amoah](htpp://www.facebook.com/lgaamoah), a lecturer at the University of Ghana, says Ghana and Africa must promptly respond to the rapidly changing world if the country and the continent were to survive.
He said the world was rapidly changing as marked by various developments, including the emergence of technology such as 3-D printing, shifting focus to outer space for the mining of energy and other minerals, the reality of robots and faster computing technology.
‘A country or people or continent that wants to survive must respond to these, and not just on a superficial level but on a deep level, he said.
Dr Amoah said this at the launch of [NubianBiz.com](https://nubianbiz.com), an online business [platform](htpp://au-afcfta.org/) aimed at facilitating [intra-African trade](https://nubianbiz.com). He stressed the need for two levels of response: mentally and physically.
[Read more….](htpp://www.modernghana.com/news/718345/africa-must-take-advantage-of-ict-to-increase-trade.html)
# [National ID, Street Names And Home Numbers Critical to Development – Activa Deputy MD](htpp://www.modernghana.com/news/719864/national-id-street-names-and-home-numbers-critical-to-devt.html)
Accra, Sept. 8, 2016 [JoyNews](htpp://www.myjoyonline.com/) via [Modern Ghana](htpp://www.modernghana.com/news/719864/national-id-street-names-and-home-numbers-critical-to-devt.html)
Chartered Insurance Practitioner and Deputy Managing Director of [Activa International Insurance Company](htpp://www.group-activa.com/ghana/) has said that Africa critically needs systems like proper National Identification systems, Street Naming and Home Numbers for planning purposes; procedures and orderliness in the modern globalized business space.
[Mr. Solomon Lartey ](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/solomon-lartey-767b0029/)said this in his address when he chaired the launching of [Nubianbiz.com](https://nubianbiz.com/ "Unlocking Potential : NubianBiz.Com – Your Path to Strategic Business Growth and Success!") a newly established online hub at the [Airport West Hotel, Accra ](htpp://airportwesthotel.com.gh/)on Wednesday, 7th September, 2016….
He explained that in a modern globalized business space, the rule of thumb is to see and be seen. Nubianbiz.com intends to make this a reality not only for Ghanaian businesses and consumers but also for all of Africa and beyond through ICT.
Speaking under the theme: Africa’s Quest for Development – The Way Forward, the Chief Executive Officer of NubianBiz.com, [Jules Nartey-Tokoli ](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/soleilconsultsusllc/)said, his online company is strategically formed to serve business opportunity hub for people in Ghana and the whole of Africa in areas of Trading, Management and Entrepreneurship.
Presentations and addresses were made by [Dr. Lloyd Amoah](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/lgaastra/) of[ Ashesi University, ](htpp://www.ashesi.edu.gh/)Ms. [Mavis Nee-Okpey](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/mavis-adjorkor-nee-okpey-8b02371b9/), Director of Administration of [NubianBiz Ltd,](https://nubianbiz.com) Mr. [Hector Wulff](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/hector-wulff-27327216/), Executive Director-Organization for Customer Service Excellence Ghana. [Read more](htpp://www.modernghana.com/news/719864/national-id-street-names-and-home-numbers-critical-to-devt.html)
# [Government Urged to Put Proper Planning Systems in Place](htpp://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/governement-urged-to-put-proper-planning-systems-in-place.html)
Sep 18, 2016 The Deputy Managing Director of [Activa International Insurance Company](htpp://www.group-activa.com/ghana/), Mr Solomon Lartey, has stressed the need for what he described as proper National Identification systems, Street Naming and Home Numbers to enhance planning purposes in Africa.
[Mr. Solomon Lartey ](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/solomon-lartey-767b0029/)made the call at the launch of [Nubianbiz.com](https://nubianbiz.com), a new online hub in Accra
Speaking under the theme: Africa’s Quest for Development – The Way Forward, the Chief Executive Officer of [NubianBiz.com](http://Nubianbiz.com), [Mr Jules Nartey-Tokoli](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/soleilconsultsusllc/) said, the online company was strategically formed to serve as business opportunity hub for people in Ghana and the whole of[ Africa](htpp://au-afcfta.org/) in areas of trading, [management and entrepreneurship](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/).
## [Insurance Practitioner Wants Proper Identification Systems](htpp://dailyguidenetwork.com/insurance-practitioner-wants-proper-identification-systems/)
[Mr. Solomon Lartey ](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/solomon-lartey-767b0029/), Deputy Managing Director of [Activa International Insurance Company](htpp://www.group-activa.com/ghana/), , has called for proper National Identification systems for planning purposes and orderliness.
He said, “Africa critically needs systems like proper [National Identification](htpp://nia.gov.gh/) systems, Street Naming and Home Numbers for planning purposes, procedures and orderliness in the modern globalized business space.”
[Mr. Lartey ](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/solomon-lartey-767b0029/) made the call when he chaired the launch of [NUBIANBIZ.COM](https://nubianbiz.com), a newly established online hub at the[ Airport West Hotel in Accra](htpp://airportwesthotel.com.gh/) yesterday.
Speaking under the theme: ***Africa’s Quest for Development – The Way Forward***, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of [NubianBiz.com](https://nubianbiz.com), [Jules Nartey-Tokoli,](htpp://www.linkedin.com/in/soleilconsultsusllc/) said his online company is strategically formed to serve as business opportunity hub for [people in Ghana and the whole of Africa in the areas of trading, management and entrepreneurship.](htpp://au-afcfta.org/)
[Read more…](htpp://dailyguidenetwork.com/insurance-practitioner-wants-proper-identification-systems/)
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---
### [Africa Directory List](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-list/)
**Published:** January 31, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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---
### [Submit Listing](https://nubianbiz.com/submit-listing/)
**Published:** January 10, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## Choose a package
### Bronze Package (Annual)
$120.00
- Business Listing
- Edit Your Listing
- Business Address
- Contact Information
- Business Hours
- Email Support
- Business Logo
- Business Pictures
Get Started
### Gold Package–e-Business platform.
$1,000.00
- E-business
- One-time Setup
- 500 product catalogue
- Database development
- Programming, Q, A & Testing
- Applications development
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
Get Started
### Platinum Package–Full-cycle e-Commerce
$3,500.00
- E-commerce
- One-time Setup
- Photography
- Database development
- Programming
- Applications development
- Graphics
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
Get Started
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---
### [Entities](https://nubianbiz.com/jobs/)
**Published:** June 23, 2021
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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---
### [Job Category](https://nubianbiz.com/job-category/)
**Published:** April 29, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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---
### [Categories](https://nubianbiz.com/categories/)
**Published:** April 29, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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---
### [Complete Registration](https://nubianbiz.com/complete-registration/)
**Published:** April 17, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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---
### [Password Reset](https://nubianbiz.com/lost-password/)
**Published:** April 17, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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---
### [Login](https://nubianbiz.com/login/)
**Published:** April 17, 2024
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/login/?share=pinterest)
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- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/login/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/login/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/login/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/login/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/login/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Listing Full](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/)
**Published:** January 31, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Filter
0 Results Found
Search Filters
Default Order Newest First Oldest First Highest Rating Lowest Rating Random
[**Load more listings**](#)
[**Load more listings**](#)
Search
We currently have no job openings
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Listing%20Full&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Flisting-full%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=pinterest)
- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-full/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Jobs](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/)
**Published:** July 25, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Search
We currently have no job openings
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Jobs&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fjob-openings%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=pinterest)
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- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/job-openings/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Listing Half Map](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/)
**Published:** January 31, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Map View Listing View
Filter
0 Results Found
Default Order Newest First Oldest First Highest Rating Lowest Rating Random
[**Load more listings**](#)
[**Load more listings**](#)
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Listing%20Half%20Map&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Flisting-half-map%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=pinterest)
- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-half-map/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Directory](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/)
**Published:** January 10, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Map View Listing View
Filter
0 Results Found
Default Order Newest First Oldest First Highest Rating Lowest Rating Random
[**Load more listings**](#)
[**Load more listings**](#)
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Directory&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Flistings%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=pinterest)
- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Terms of Use and Refund Policy](https://nubianbiz.com/refund_returns/)
**Published:** August 2, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
Terms of Use and Refund Policy for NubianBiz.com
Last updated: 08/02/23
Welcome to NubianBiz.com! These Terms of Use (“Terms”) govern your access to and use of our website, products, services, and any other features provided through NubianBiz.com (collectively referred to as the “Platform”). Please read these Terms carefully before accessing or using our Platform.
By accessing or using NubianBiz.com, you agree to be bound by these Terms. If you do not agree to these Terms, you may not use our Platform.
1\. User Eligibility: By using NubianBiz.com, you represent and warrant that you are at least 18 years old and have the legal capacity to enter into this agreement. If you are accessing the Platform on behalf of a company or organization, you further represent that you have the authority to bind that entity to these Terms.
2\. User Accounts:
a. In order to access certain features of the Platform, you may be required to create a user account. You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your account information and for all activities that occur under your account. You agree to promptly notify us of any unauthorized use of your account or any other security breach.
b. You are responsible for providing accurate and up-to-date information during the registration process. You may not create multiple accounts or impersonate others on NubianBiz.com.
3\. Content and Intellectual Property Rights:
a. NubianBiz.com may allow users to post, upload, share, and otherwise make available various forms of content. You retain all intellectual property rights to the content you submit. By posting content on the Platform, you grant NubianBiz.com a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free, and transferable license to use, reproduce, modify, display, and distribute the content for the purposes of operating, promoting, and improving the Platform.
b. You agree not to post or share any content that is illegal, infringes upon intellectual property rights, contains viruses or harmful code, or violates any applicable laws or regulations.
c. NubianBiz.com respects the intellectual property rights of others. If you believe that your intellectual property has been infringed upon, please contact us promptly.
4\. Prohibited Activities: When using NubianBiz.com, you agree not to engage in any of the following activities:
a. Violating any applicable laws, regulations, or third-party rights.
b. Interfering with the proper functioning of the Platform or attempting to gain unauthorized access to any part of it.
c. Using the Platform to distribute spam, chain letters, or other unsolicited communications.
d. Engaging in any activity that may harm, disable, overburden, or impair the Platform.
5\. Third-Party Links: NubianBiz.com may contain links to third-party websites or services. These links are provided for your convenience, and we do not endorse or assume any responsibility for the content or practices of these third-party websites. Your interactions with these third-party websites are solely at your own risk.
6\. Limitation of Liability:
a. NubianBiz.com and its affiliates, partners, and contributors shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages arising out of or related to the use or inability to use the Platform or its content.
b. We do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any content on the Platform, nor do we endorse any products, services, or content provided by users or third parties.
7\. Modification of Terms: We reserve the right to modify or update these Terms from time to time. Any changes will be posted on this page with a revised “Last updated” date. Your continued use of NubianBiz.com after any such changes will constitute your acceptance of the updated Terms.
8\. Termination: We may, at our sole discretion, suspend or terminate your access to NubianBiz.com at any time, with or without cause and without prior notice.
9\. Governing Law: These Terms and your use of NubianBiz.com shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Ghana and the state of New York, USA without regard to its conflicts of law principles.
10\. Contact Us: If you have any questions or concerns about these Terms or the Platform, please contact us at admin@nubianbiz.com.
By using NubianBiz.com, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agree to these Terms of Use. Thank you for being part of our community!
Refund Policy for NubianBiz.com
Last updated: 08/02/23
Thank you for choosing NubianBiz.com. We strive to provide excellent products and services to our customers. However, we understand that there may be instances where you may need to request a refund. This Refund Policy outlines the conditions and process for obtaining a refund forsubscriptions purchased through NubianBiz.com.
Eligibility for Refund:
Subscription Services: For subscription services provided through NubianBiz.com, refunds will be considered under the following circumstances:
· If the service is not rendered or completed as per the agreed-upon terms and conditions.
· If there are significant delays or performance issues beyond reasonable expectations.
If you are eligible for a refund based on the above criteria, please follow these steps to request a refund:
a. Send an email to sales@nubianbiz.com with the subject line “Refund Request – \[Your Order Number\].”
b. Include the reason for your refund request and any relevant details about the subscription service.
c. Our customer support team will review your request and respond within 30 business days. Partial Refunds: In some cases, partial refunds may be issued depending on the circumstances.
Refund Method: Refunds will be issued using the same payment method used for the original purchase. Please allow 5 business days for the refund to be processed and reflected in your account.
Changes to the Refund Policy: We reserve the right to modify or update this Refund Policy at any time. Any changes will be posted on this page with a revised “Last updated” date. By continuing to use NubianBiz.com after any such changes, you accept the updated Refund Policy.
Contact Us: If you have any questions or concerns about this Refund Policy or the refund process, please contact our customer support team at admin@nubianbiz.com. By making a purchase on NubianBiz.com, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agree to this Refund Policy.
Thank you for being a valued customer!
### Share this:
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- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/refund_returns/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Terms%20of%20Use%20and%20Refund%20Policy&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Frefund_returns%2F&share=email)
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- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/refund_returns/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Jobseeker](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/)
**Published:** July 25, 2023
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
\[wpjobportal\_jobseeker\_controlpanel\]
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Jobseeker&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fwp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=twitter)
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- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-job-portal-jobseeker-controlpanel/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Entity Dashboard](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/)
**Published:** June 23, 2021
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
You need to be signed in to manage your listings. [Sign in](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fjob-dashboard%2F)
### Share this:
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- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Entity%20Dashboard&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fjob-dashboard%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=twitter)
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- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/job-dashboard/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Dashboard](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/)
**Published:** January 10, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Dashboard&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fdashboard%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=pinterest)
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- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Post a listing](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/)
**Published:** June 23, 2021
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### Bronze Package (Annual)
$120.00
- Business Listing
- Edit Your Listing
- Business Address
- Contact Information
- Business Hours
- Email Support
- Business Logo
- Business Pictures
### Gold Package–e-Business platform.
$1,000.00
- E-business
- One-time Setup
- 500 product catalogue
- Database development
- Programming, Q, A & Testing
- Applications development
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
### Platinum Package–Full-cycle e-Commerce
$3,500.00
- E-commerce
- One-time Setup
- Photography
- Database development
- Programming
- Applications development
- Graphics
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Post%20a%20listing&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fpost-a-listing%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=reddit)
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- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/post-a-listing/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Listing with Sidebar](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-with-sidebar/)
**Published:** January 31, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/listing-with-sidebar/?share=facebook)
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---
### [Following](https://nubianbiz.com/following/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## Following
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/following/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/following/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/following/#print?share=print)
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- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/following/?share=twitter)
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-
---
### [Follower](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## Follower
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/#print?share=print)
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- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=twitter)
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- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/follower/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Messages](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/#print?share=print)
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- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=twitter)
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- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=mastodon)
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- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/messages/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Reviews](https://nubianbiz.com/reviews/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### My Reviews
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/reviews/?share=facebook)
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---
### [Favorite](https://nubianbiz.com/favorite/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### My Favorite
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/favorite/?share=facebook)
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- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/favorite/#print?share=print)
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- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/favorite/?share=bluesky)
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---
### [Packages](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/#print?share=print)
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- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=twitter)
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- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/packages/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [My Listings](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
You need to be signed in to manage your listings. [Sign in](https://nubianbiz.com/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fmy-listings%2F)
### Share this:
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- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20My%20Listings&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fmy-listings%2F&share=email)
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- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/my-listings/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Profile](https://nubianbiz.com/profile/)
**Published:** January 17, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/profile/?share=facebook)
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- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/profile/?share=bluesky)
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---
### [Dashboard User](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard-user/)
**Published:** January 16, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard-user/?share=facebook)
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- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard-user/#print?share=print)
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- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/dashboard-user/?share=linkedin)
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---
### [Bookmark](https://nubianbiz.com/bookmark/)
**Published:** January 10, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### My Favorite
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### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/bookmark/?share=facebook)
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---
### [My account](https://nubianbiz.com/my-account-2/)
**Published:** January 10, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### Share this:
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---
### [Shop](https://nubianbiz.com/shop-2/)
**Published:** January 10, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### Share this:
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- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/shop-2/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/shop-2/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/shop-2/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [404](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/)
**Published:** January 7, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20404&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2F404-2%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=pinterest)
- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/404-2/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Pricing](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/)
**Published:** January 7, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
### Bronze Package (Annual)
$120.00
- Business Listing
- Edit Your Listing
- Business Address
- Contact Information
- Business Hours
- Email Support
- Business Logo
- Business Pictures
### Gold Package–e-Business platform.
$1,000.00
- E-business
- One-time Setup
- 500 product catalogue
- Database development
- Programming, Q, A & Testing
- Applications development
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
### Platinum Package–Full-cycle e-Commerce
$3,500.00
- E-commerce
- One-time Setup
- Photography
- Database development
- Programming
- Applications development
- Graphics
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Pricing&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fpricing%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=pinterest)
- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/pricing/?share=bluesky)
-
---
### [Sample Page](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/)
**Published:** January 4, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
This is an example page. It’s different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this:
> Hi there! I’m a bike messenger by day, aspiring actor by night, and this is my website. I live in Los Angeles, have a great dog named Jack, and I like piña coladas. (And gettin’ caught in the rain.)
…or something like this:
> The XYZ Doohickey Company was founded in 1971, and has been providing quality doohickeys to the public ever since. Located in Gotham City, XYZ employs over 2,000 people and does all kinds of awesome things for the Gotham community.
As a new WordPress user, you should go to [your dashboard](htpp://www.demoapus-wp1.com/findus/wp-admin/) to delete this page and create new pages for your content. Have fun!
### Share this:
- [ Share on Facebook (Opens in new window) Facebook](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=facebook)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=x)
- [ Print (Opens in new window) Print](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/#print?share=print)
- [ Email a link to a friend (Opens in new window) Email](mailto:?subject=%5BShared%20Post%5D%20Sample%20Page&body=https%3A%2F%2Fnubianbiz.com%2Fsample-page-2%2F&share=email)
- [ Share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window) LinkedIn](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=linkedin)
- [ Share on Reddit (Opens in new window) Reddit](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=reddit)
- [ Share on X (Opens in new window) X](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=twitter)
- [ Share on Tumblr (Opens in new window) Tumblr](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=tumblr)
- [ Share on Pinterest (Opens in new window) Pinterest](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=pinterest)
- [ Share on Telegram (Opens in new window) Telegram](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=telegram)
- [ Share on Threads (Opens in new window) Threads](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=threads)
- [ Share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window) WhatsApp](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=jetpack-whatsapp)
- [ Share on Mastodon (Opens in new window) Mastodon](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=mastodon)
- [ Share on Nextdoor (Opens in new window) Nextdoor](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=nextdoor)
- [ Share on Bluesky (Opens in new window) Bluesky](https://nubianbiz.com/sample-page-2/?share=bluesky)
-
---
## Listings
### [Kenya Airways](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-business-directory/kenya-airways/)
**Published:** December 21, 2022
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## Kenya Airways – Africa’s Leading Global Airline
**Kenya Airways PLC** is the national carrier of Kenya and one of Africa’s most prominent airlines, widely known as *“The Pride of Africa.”* Established in **1977 following the dissolution of East African Airways**, Kenya Airways has developed into a globally respected international airline connecting Africa to major cities around the world. The airline’s primary hub is at **Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in Nairobi**, which serves as a major aviation gateway for passengers traveling across Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas. ([Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Airways?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways"))
Kenya Airways operates a *comprehensive network of international and regional flights*, with service to over **40 destinations in more than 30 countries**. Its global reach includes key markets such as New York, London, Bangkok, and various African capitals — offering both passenger and cargo services. ([Grokipedia](https://grokipedia.com/page/Kenya_Airways?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways"))
---
## Wide-Reach Network & Expansion
Kenya Airways continues to adapt its flight operations to meet passenger demand and global travel trends. During peak seasons, the airline regularly **adjusts its route network, increases flight frequencies, and adds new destinations** to enhance travel convenience. Examples include increasing service frequencies to New York and expanding connections to other African cities. ([Kenya Airways](https://corporate.kenya-airways.com/en/news-press-release/2024/october/kenya-airways-announces-network-adjustments-for-the-upcoming-peak-season/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways Adjusts Network for Peak Season: Additional Flights & Service Suspensions"))
In 2024, Kenya Airways also boosted capacity on flights to **West African destinations, including Accra, Ghana**, showing strategic commitment to improving **Africa interconnectivity** and facilitating trade, tourism, and diaspora travel across the continent. ([MAfrica Business Communities](https://africabusinesscommunities.com/news/kenya-airways-boosts-its-network-with-increased-frequencies-and-additional-destinations/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways boosts its network with increased frequencies and additional destinations - Africa Business Communities"))
---
## ✨ Global Connectivity & Strategic Alliances
Kenya Airways is a member of the **SkyTeam Alliance**, one of the world’s leading airline alliances, which enables seamless travel to hundreds of destinations through partner networks. This alliance enhances passenger benefits such as frequent flyer integration, codeshare flights, and coordinated schedules with other major global carriers. ([SkyTeam](https://www.skyteam.com/en/about/kenya-airways/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways | Asante Rewards | SkyTeam"))
The airline’s modern fleet includes a mix of **wide-body aircraft like Boeing Dreamliners and efficient narrow-body jets**, designed to provide both comfort and operational efficiency across long-haul and regional routes. ([SkyTeam](https://www.skyteam.com/en/about/kenya-airways/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways | Asante Rewards | SkyTeam"))
---
## Passenger & Cargo Services
Beyond passenger travel, Kenya Airways plays a significant role in **air cargo logistics across key trade corridors** between Africa and the rest of the world. Its cargo operations support import and export businesses by offering reliable freight services to global markets, enhancing economic ties and supply chain reach. ([Kenya Airways](https://corporate.kenya-airways.com/globalassets/corporate/investment--shareholders/annual-reports/2025/annual-report-fy24.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com "KENYA AIRWAYS PLC"))
The airline’s customer focus includes premium inflight services, robust frequent flyer benefits, and enhanced connectivity options that cater to tourists, business travelers, and the African diaspora. As part of its growth strategy, Kenya Airways continually invests in market-responsive services and improved operational standards. ([SkyTeam](https://www.skyteam.com/en/about/kenya-airways/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways | Asante Rewards | SkyTeam"))
---
## Financial Progress & Performance
In 2024, Kenya Airways reported a **pretax profit for the first time in over a decade**, reflecting resilience and recovery following periods of financial strain. This milestone underscores broader recovery trends in Africa’s aviation sector as global travel demand strengthens. ([Reuters](https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/kenya-airways-records-pretax-profit-2024-2025-03-25/?utm_source=chatgpt.com "Kenya Airways records profit after more than a decade of losses"))
---
## Conclusion
Kenya Airways remains a **cornerstone of African aviation**, known for robust network connectivity, strategic global partnerships, and ongoing route expansion efforts. Whether connecting passengers across continents or enhancing intra-African travel, the airline continues to build on its legacy as one of the continent’s most influential carriers.
**Categories:** Airlines
**Regions:** Kenya
---
## Products
### [Bronze Package (Annual)](https://nubianbiz.com/product/bronze-package/)
**Published:** January 3, 2021
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:**
- Business Listing
- Edit Your Listing
- Business Address
- Contact Information
- Business Hours
- Email Support
- Business Logo
- Business Pictures
**Product categories:** Packages
---
### [Gold Package--e-Business platform.](https://nubianbiz.com/product/gold-package/)
**Published:** January 2, 2021
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:**
- E-business
- One-time Setup
- 500 product catalogue
- Database development
- Programming, Q, A & Testing
- Applications development
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
**Content:**
For retailers who for reasons of their peculiar practical requirements may not want to run a full-cycle e-Commerce platform (we use full-cycle e-Commerce advisedly since without an online payment system, it cannot be said to be full-cycle), such ones can take advantage of what is called an e-Business platform. The difference is that even though there is a product catalogue with a limited shopping cart, it does not come with prices, integration with the POS and even sometimes delivery. The import of such a system is to enable customers make enquiries respecting variables such as product availability, price and the like via email or the telephone. With the feed-back, the customer knows where he can find what he needs at the right price without driving or roving throughout the city. (An example of such a site is [www.kingdomgh.com](http://www.kingdomgh.com), designed and developed by our sister company Meridian Networks Ltd.
There are several strategic advantages of deploying e-Commerce and e-Business platforms. Some of these are as follows:
Your business is taken to the door-steps of potential customers in both local and international locations. The geographical barrier is thus eliminated.
Your business desk is open 24hours a day, 7 days a week with no need of extra personnel. This means that, time zones are no longer a barrier. Even while you are sleeping your business will still be running!
Your company can now promote itself effectively on a platform where potential customers and partners can reach you more easily and conveniently to transact business and access useful information.
You have a cheaper means to reach a wider local and international market in extensive text, visual and multimedia formats.
Start-ups with limited resources can run their business without owning a shop or an office.
Small and medium-size businesses in manufacturing, textiles, ceramics and woodworks can now expose their products to a wider local and international market.
Businesses do not have to bury huge sums of money in opening and operating a chain of stores but yet sell virtually to anyone, anywhere.
Your business no longer has to rely on a single market.
International trade barriers are eliminated.
With operational costs reduced, profits will grow, making investments in other sectors of the economy more possible and easier.
Finally, in today’s consumer market, this is one best way to better serve your customers and retain their loyalty.
**Product categories:** Packages
---
### [Platinum Package--Full-cycle e-Commerce](https://nubianbiz.com/product/platinum-package/)
**Published:** January 1, 2021
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Excerpt:**
- E-commerce
- One-time Setup
- Photography
- Database development
- Programming
- Applications development
- Graphics
- Site update
- Content Manager
- Annual Subscription Fee
**Content:**
E-Commerce is the abbreviation for electronic commerce. As the name implies, it simply means buying and selling electronically, i.e. over the internet. What this entails is that, your favourite stall, shop, supermarket or shopping mall has been transferred onto the web platform. This allows you to do whatever you would normally do in the real world virtually or online and from the convenience of any location in the world– enter a shop, pick a shopping cart and as you push it to the various departments of the shop, pick whatever you are interested in; check the price, expiry date, manufacturer, weight, product information, usage and the like and then drop it in the shopping cart. Continue shopping. Put some items back on the shelves and pick new ones till you are done. Push the cart to the point of sale, pay, collect your itemized receipt and exit the shop.
E-Commerce has become the standard for shopping in developed economies. And it is estimated that very soon brick-and-mortar shops and malls will give way to e-Commerce. This is because as the world continues fast-paced, a lot of people will prefer buying online and have shopped-for items delivered at their desired locations—and Ghana/Africa is no exception.
In fact, e-Commerce has the key to enabling micro and small businesses develop exponentially with a multiplier effect on a developing economy such as Ghana. And it presents the opportunity to bridge that gap between a developing economy and a developed economy.
For an e-Commerce platform to function well the technology must be robust. Further, there should be a mode(s) of payment and a delivery system in place. The former requires a credit card payment system that allows for a secure and convenient transfer of money from the buyer to the seller online.
However, there has to be in place sound management structures for an e-Commerce venture to succeed:
First, there should be a Systems Administrator. The Systems Administrator ensures that the Web site, servers, Point-of-Sale system and other ancillary IT infrastructure are functioning properly 24/7.
**Procurement Department**. The procurement department monitors stock levels and keeps track of fast-moving goods, making sure they are never out of stock. Usually, the Point-of-Sale/Stock Control System should be integrated with the Web site. This will ensure that customers do not place orders for goods that are not in stock.
**Shipping Department**. The shipping department takes care of delivery. For delivery to be effective—whether by the company’s own delivery system or by courier service providers—orders placed after, say, 2PM will be delivered the following day, depending on the destination. The Shipping Department, in concert with the Customer Service Department should ensure that the right packaging materials are procured and goods are shipped according to product specifications.
If the mode of payment is on-delivery, it will be received by the shipping executive/courier service official. Cost of delivery (shipping) is normally included in the shopping cart and the generated receipt which the customer prints out. The cost is normally borne by the customer, unless otherwise determined by the vendor.
**Customer Service Department**: The Customer Service Department ensures that orders received are automatically forwarded to the shipping department/courier service provider via e-mail. The department then calls to confirm the order before proceeding to pack. In case a customer cancels an order, this should be immediately communicated to the shipping department/courier service company.
The Chief Operations Officer/General Manager should co-ordinate the activities of all the foregoing departments.
With such an efficient system in place, the dividends from running an e-Commerce business can be reaped.
**Product categories:** Packages
---
## Footer Builder
### [Footer 1](https://nubianbiz.com/apus_footer/footer-1/)
**Published:** January 8, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## Our Commitment
NubianBiz.Com is the premier digital platform for Africa. We have the strongest database of suppliers and purchasing clients. We are always open to your feedback.
## Usefull Links
- [Contact](https://nubianbiz.com/contact/)
- [About Us](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [ African Continental Free Trade Area ](https://au-afcfta.org)
- [ Arab Maghreb Union ](https://maghrebarabe.org/)
- [ Community of Sahel–Saharan States ](https://au.int/en/recs/censad)
- [ Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ](https://www.comesa.int/)
- [ East African Community ](https://www.eac.int/)
- [ Economic Community of West African States ](https://ecowas.int/)
- [ Economic Commission for Africa ](https://www.uneca.org/)
- [ Economic Community of Central African States ](https://ceeac-eccas.org/en/)
- [ Intergovernmental Authority on Development ](https://igad.int/)
- [ Southern African Development Community ](https://www.sadc.int/)
## Get In Touch
-
- NubianBiz
Business Africa Hub
The Business Strategy Analyst
[ Facebook-f ](https://www.facebook.com/NubianGlobal) [ Twitter ](https://twitter.com/nubianbiz?s=11) [ Instagram ](https://www.instagram.com/nubianbiz/) [ Youtube ](https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZgv6D2iCaBLVRgYarqF77A) [ Tiktok ](https://www.tiktok.com/@nubianbiz.com)
[Privacy Policy](http://www.nubianbiz.com/privacy-policy-2)
[Terms of Use/Refund Policy ](https://nubianbiz.com/website_232b49de/refund_returns/)
© 2016-2025 NubianBiz, LLC. All Rights Reserved. ***Powered by*** [Soleil Consults (US), LLC](http://www.soleilvision.com)
---
### [Footer 2](https://nubianbiz.com/apus_footer/footer-2/)
**Published:** February 3, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
## About Us
We are Themez Hub A team of clean, creative & professionals delivering world-class HTML Templates to build a better & smart web.
[ Google Store ](#)
## Usefull Links
## Get In Touch
- 7744 North, New York
- support@example.com
- +91 123 456 789
- www.apusthemes.com
[ Facebook-f ](#) [ Twitter ](#) [ Google-plus-g ](#) [ Instagram ](#) [ Pinterest ](#)
## Subscribe Newsletter
At Vero Eos Et Accusamus Et Iusto Odio Dignissimos Ducimus Qui Blanditiis
Copyright@ 2020 Listing Hub Powered By [ApusTheme](#)
---
## Header Builder
### [Header 1](https://nubianbiz.com/apus_header/header-1/)
**Published:** January 8, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
[   ](https://nubianbiz.com/)
- [Home](https://nubianbiz.com/)
- [Directory](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/)
- [About Us ](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [About Us](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [Press](https://nubianbiz.com/press/)
- [Marketplace](https://market.nubianbiz.com/)
- [News/Features ](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/)
- [News/Features](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/)
- [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@JulesNTokoli)
- [Jobs](https://jobs.nubianbiz.com/)
- [Consultancy](https://soleilvision.com/soleil-cosults-usllc/)
- Network
- [Login](https://nubianbiz.com/login/)
- [Members](https://nubianbiz.com/members/)
- [Groups](https://nubianbiz.com/groups/)
- [Contact](https://nubianbiz.com/contact/)
- [](#apus_login_forgot_tab)
- [Sign in](#apus_login_forgot_tab)
- or
- [Register](#apus_register_tab)
[Add Listing](https://nubianbiz.com/submit-listing/)
---
### [Header 3](https://nubianbiz.com/apus_header/header-3/)
**Published:** February 3, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
[  ](https://nubianbiz.com/)
- [Home](https://nubianbiz.com/)
- [Directory](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/)
- [About Us ](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [About Us](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [Press](https://nubianbiz.com/press/)
- [Marketplace](https://market.nubianbiz.com/)
- [News/Features ](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/)
- [News/Features](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/)
- [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@JulesNTokoli)
- [Jobs](https://jobs.nubianbiz.com/)
- [Consultancy](https://soleilvision.com/soleil-cosults-usllc/)
- Network
- [Login](https://nubianbiz.com/login/)
- [Members](https://nubianbiz.com/members/)
- [Groups](https://nubianbiz.com/groups/)
- [Contact](https://nubianbiz.com/contact/)
- [](#apus_login_forgot_tab)
- [Sign in](#apus_login_forgot_tab)
- or
- [Register](#apus_register_tab)
[Add Listing](https://nubianbiz.com/submit-listing/)
---
### [Header 2](https://nubianbiz.com/apus_header/header-2/)
**Published:** February 1, 2020
**Author:** Jules Nartey-Tokoli
**Content:**
[  ](https://nubianbiz.com/)
- [Home](https://nubianbiz.com/)
- [Directory](https://nubianbiz.com/listings/)
- [About Us ](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [About Us](https://nubianbiz.com/about-us/)
- [Press](https://nubianbiz.com/press/)
- [Marketplace](https://market.nubianbiz.com/)
- [News/Features ](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/)
- [News/Features](https://nubianbiz.com/blog/)
- [Videos](https://www.youtube.com/@JulesNTokoli)
- [Jobs](https://jobs.nubianbiz.com/)
- [Consultancy](https://soleilvision.com/soleil-cosults-usllc/)
- Network
- [Login](https://nubianbiz.com/login/)
- [Members](https://nubianbiz.com/members/)
- [Groups](https://nubianbiz.com/groups/)
- [Contact](https://nubianbiz.com/contact/)
- [](#apus_login_forgot_tab)
- [Sign in](#apus_login_forgot_tab)
- or
- [Register](#apus_register_tab)
[Add Listing](https://nubianbiz.com/submit-listing/)
---
## Categories
### [Uncategorized](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/uncategorized/)
---
### [Business](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/business/)
---
### [Education](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/education/)
---
### [Health & Fitness](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/health-fitness/)
---
### [Intertainment](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/intertainment/)
---
### [Shopping](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/shopping/)
---
### [Travel & Tour](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/travel-tour/)
---
### [Management](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/management/)
---
### [Entrepreneurship](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/entrepreneurship/)
---
### [Lifestyle](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/lifestyle/)
---
### [HR/HC](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/hr-hc/)
---
### [Leadership](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/leadership/)
---
### [Society](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/society/)
---
### [Economics](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/economics/)
---
### [Tech](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/tech/)
---
### [Air Travel](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/business/air-travel/)
---
### [Entertainment](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/entertainment/)
---
### [Ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/ghana/)
---
### [Africa](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/africa/)
---
### [Music](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-Business-Directory/music/)
---
## Tags
### [youth](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/youth/)
---
### [africa](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/africa/)
---
### [ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/ghana/)
---
### [generation](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/generation/)
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### [nkrumah](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/nkrumah/)
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### [gen alpha](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/gen-alpha/)
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### [windows](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/windows/)
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### [MICROSOFT](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/microsoft/)
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### [SOFTWARE UPDATES](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/software-updates/)
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### [OPERATING SYSTEMS](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/operating-systems/)
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### [PRODUCTIVITY](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/productivity/)
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### [Spirit Airlines](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/spirit-airlines/)
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### [Aviation News](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/aviation-news/)
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### [Africa Diaspora](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/africa-diaspora/)
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### [Budget Travel](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/budget-travel/)
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### [Airline Bankruptcy](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/airline-bankruptcy/)
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### [Airfare Prices](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/airfare-prices/)
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### [Caribbean Routes](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/caribbean-routes/)
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### [Travel Disruption](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/travel-disruption/)
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### [Diaspora Trave](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/diaspora-trave/)
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### [US Travel 2026](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/us-travel-2026/)
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### [TGMA 2026](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/tgma-2026/)
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### [Ghana Music Awards](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/ghana-music-awards/)
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### [Black Sherif](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/black-sherif/)
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### [Medikal](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/medikal/)
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### [Stonebwoy](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/stonebwoy/)
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### [Wendy Shay](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/wendy-shay/)
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### [Kojo Blak](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/kojo-blak/)
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### [Moliy](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/moliy/)
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### [Daddy Lumba](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/daddy-lumba/)
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### [Charterhouse](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/charterhouse/)
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### [Telecel Ghana](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/telecel-ghana/)
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### [African Music](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/african-music/)
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### [Ghana Entertainment](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/ghana-entertainment/)
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### [NubianBiz](https://nubianbiz.com/tag/nubianbiz/)
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## Categories
### [Airlines](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-business-category/airlines/)
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## Regions
### [Kenya](https://nubianbiz.com/region/kenya/)
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## Product categories
### [Packages](https://nubianbiz.com/africa-product-category/packages/)
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